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Genuine happiness is realized by perceiving and developing personal strengths and by making of use of those strengths in real life situations. Many sociologists and especially psychologists have started investigating personal happiness by measuring t
Genuine happiness is realized by perceiving and developing personal strengths and by making of use of those strengths in real life situations. Many sociologists and especially psychologists have started investigating personal happiness by measuring the way a person judges their life and also how satisfied they are with life. Such subjective investigations on the quality of life were approached from two standpoints; from the pleasure standpoint and the happiness-theory standpoint. From the pleasure standpoint life quality is based on how much of an individuals pleasure, broadly ranging from subjective pleasures like phyiscal pleasure to desire and self-joy, is satisfied. What is the happiness level of adolescents in our country? Espescially, teenage middle schoolers tend to have a low happiness level due to heavy stress from burdening schoolwork, college applications, and various environmental, psychological factors. Also, recent studies have shown that in Korea, middle schoolers have lower happiness indexes than do elementary schoolers, and in the case of elementary schoolers happiness levels progressively decreased over 2nd, 4th, and 6th grade. High school students(16~28) were shown to have the lowest quality of life, followed by middle schoolers, among young adults of ages between 13~24. With childhood and adolescense being periods of high stress, there is much debate based on experimental results that such stress is related to academic slumps and depression, anxiety, trouble adapting to school life, aggressiveness, and problematic behavior. Instead of focusing on removing negative emotions like depression, there is a dire need to realize that focusing on facilitating positive emotions like happiness level will bring better results. There is a need for habituating continuing efforts for self-improvement and finding meaning and purpose rather than comparing oneself with others to confirm happiness. This study aims to verify the effects of the Gratitude-Diary Program on middle school students' psychological well-being and gratitude levels under the speculation that the program possesses the factors that influence psycological well-being and gratitude. To verify such effects, 6 classes from the 3rd grade of K-Middle School of Geyonggi-do SiHeung-si were chosen for preliminary inspection of psychological well-being and gratitude. After preliminary inspections 3 classes were set up for experimentation, and the remaining 3 classes of the same quality were set as the control. Next, the Korean Gratitude Index and Subjective Psychological Well-Being Index were used as standards for measurement. According to the results of the experiment, the experimental group that participated in the Gratitude-Diary Program had an average gratitude Gratitude Index of 4.96 before and 5.52 after the program. There was a 0.558 rise after the program. With a significance level of 0.1%, these results are statisically significant. It was found that the average Gratitude Index of the group as a whole had increased and was also higher than that of the constant group after the program. Also, the Subjective Psychological Well-Being Index of the experimental group increased from 5.15 to 5.15 after the program. There was an approximate rise of 0.108. As a result the average Subjective Psychological-Well Being Index had risen after the execution of the program. The Subjective Psychological-Well Being Index had increased signifcantly, and there was also a signifcant difference between the scores of the experimental and constant group. There was also a significant change in the Subjective Psychological-Well Being Index of the group as a whole. The main result attained from the experiment conducted based on the question posed above is that the Gratitude-Diary Program had a positive influence on increased gratitude levels of middle school students. The activities (expressing gratitude in various situation and towards various subjects) done by students participating in the program brought increases in gratitude by positively influencing the development process of cognitive, emotional, and behaviorial areas. This proves the theory that gratitude is a complex entwinement of emotion and cognition. Therefore, since adolescence delinquency has begun to be regarded as a social problem, Gratitude Diary program can be suggested as a preventable mean against the psychological maladjustment of middle school students. This is to say that the program does not only contribute to the aspect of students mental health but also preventing any maladjustment within the adolescence period as well as getting used to a stable school life. This study is meaningful considering that the program can be applied as a personality education in a school which suffers from school violence and increase of students who have problems of adapting into the school life. It is also helpful in terms of the place of education since it supports the psychological strength of gratitude and the useful characteristics.
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This paper aims to understand the whole construction process of Gyeongbok-gung palace with analyzing the document of Gyeongbokgung- Yeonggeon-ilgi. Before using this document, the construction process of Gyeongbok-gung have been partially understood
This paper aims to understand the whole construction process of Gyeongbok-gung palace with analyzing the document of Gyeongbokgung- Yeonggeon-ilgi. Before using this document, the construction process of Gyeongbok-gung have been partially understood based on the general historical source of Joseon-Wangjo-silok and Ilseongrok, or on the old figures of Bukguel-Dohyeong and Gyeongbokgung-Baechido. The most direct sources are Yeonggeon-ilgam and small part of Gyeongbokgung-Yeonggeon-ilgi; these are the records of only short period of whole construction process. Gyeongbokgung-Yeonggeon-ilgi is the most important document to overcome the limit of the past understanding. Though there are very diverse information in the field of architectural historical studies in the document, this paper focuses on the whole construction management system.Directly speaking, Yeonggeon-Dogam, the construction project team, couldn¡¯t meet the expected deadline because of the several reasons such as conflagrations, cold weather, insufficient supplying of labors, finance and construction materials and so on. But the efforts of schedule controlling can be found. The construction work was started at the palace wall and 4 main gates. It might be for the site security and making external image of the Royal palace above all. Then the Royal family¡¯s living area of Gyotae-jeon, and Gangnyeong-jeon chambers, the governmental assemble area of Geunjeong- jeon, Sajeong-jeon and Gyeonghoi-lu pavilions, and in sequence Crown Prince¡¯s hall, governmental court offices, rear garden that are located in surrounding part of the central palatial area; from main building to annex in each area. This was for the convenience of carrying materials and construction machineries. The ground work of Gyeonghoi-lu and rear garden and also making rafters which needed long time to finish started at the first stage of construction period, whereas wallpaper, roof tile, hanging board, door and window were done all together in whole sites.As for the completed work of Gyeongbok-gung with analysis of Gyeongbokgung-Baechido and Bukguel-Dohyeong, there are several stereo types and timber unit modules among hundreds of buildings. While several main pavilions were built according to each own typology on the original site trace, other buildings and annexes share the typical plan and timber unit module. It means that conversion of timbers could be simplified with division of labor work and that consequentially the length of construction period could be shortened. The record of Gyeongbokgung-Yeonggeon-ilgi has the same tendency. If a certain pavilion has special plan type, it has the recorded name in the document; if not, simply recorded in group.In a word, the schedule management for large scale construction of Gyeonfbok-gung palace was not easy task needed diverse strategy and the document of Gyeongbokgung-Yeonggeon-ilgi is the most important historical source to make us understanding the construction process in detail.
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Gamdamilgi is an exile diary of daily record by Kim, Ryo in 1797 on his way to Bu-Ryung as he was involved in wild rumor accident of Kang, I-cheon. In the first part of Gamdamilgi, he had explained about the progress of wild rumor accident and had in
Gamdamilgi is an exile diary of daily record by Kim, Ryo in 1797 on his way to Bu-Ryung as he was involved in wild rumor accident of Kang, I-cheon. In the first part of Gamdamilgi, he had explained about the progress of wild rumor accident and had insisted his innocence. He had recorded travel of exile from November 14 to December 10 when he had arrived in Bu-Ryung without missing a single day. Its contents were centered on events and experiences of each day. He had recorded in minute detail names and jobs of all people he met, landscape and weather as well as relics of ancestor located and dispersed every where on his way to the exile.He also had shown thorough spirit as an author by creating 54 long Chinese poems on his difficult journey to the exile. I have classified and examined Chinese poems recorded in Gamdamilgi into four categories. In ¡®1) pains and wrath of the exile,¡¯ he had expressed his wrath of being expelled for the exile by suddenly falling into a position from the social status of a Confucian scholar and hard journey of the exile continued in terribly cold weather. In ¡®2) re-discovery of lower class people and transformation of recognition,¡¯ he had expresses his thanks to ordinary people who had extended helping hands to him in hardships and the process of changing his perceived recognition about these people through understanding about their sincere life. His sense of compassion and love of people formed through this process had become an important motif penetrating his entire world of arts works. In ¡®3) the nature and natural features of the northern region,¡¯he had expressed vividly amazing nature and living features of northern residents he had observed as an alien. In ¡®4) admiration for relics of ancient ancestors,¡¯ he had written stories about ancestors who were sent for exile unfairly just like himself and those who had contributed to the expansion of national territory into the northern regions.As a whole, Gamdamilgi belongs to the category of exile literature during the late period of Joseon but it is precious data which deliver us vividly key human and geographical information of governance, natural environment, weather, features and customs, and history of life of northern regions during the late part of the 18th century by thorough spirit of recording. Moreover, since in here, 54 long Chinese poems are also written and therefore, literary capability of the author also must be highly praised all together too.
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This paper is an amended form which read at a special lecture hosted by Humanities research institute of Sungshin Woman"s university on May 21, 2003. Therefore the form of this paper is different than the rest of paper until now. At the beginnin
This paper is an amended form which read at a special lecture hosted by Humanities research institute of Sungshin Woman"s university on May 21, 2003. Therefore the form of this paper is different than the rest of paper until now. At the beginning of the year, I published a ¡ºÈ¦·Î º½½ÇÏ¸ç ±×´ë¸¦ »ý°¢Çϳë¶ó Being in a government post myself, I miss you¡»(»ç°èÀý sakyejul, January, 2003). This book represented the routine of nobleman"s family, as it is, in the middle ages of Joseon Dynasty. I asserted a new theory that Korean family was generally opened those days and woman took their place strongly. After pressing a new book, I interviewed with lots of newspaper, magazine, TV and Radio broadcast. Especially they were given a good impression by my study-methodology about the approach of life history. That is, they gave me a question about not only how to try to do combinational and micro-historical success to the area of life history but also how to try to write a mixed writing both fictional and nonfictional writings. This essay is roughly focused on my writing course and the study-methodology along that request.
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¡°Kinotsurayuki¡± from the Heian period, the first Japanese journal that published before Western autobiographies, agonized over the exposure of his dual identity in the journal. The author of the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» which represents the Court literature o
¡°Kinotsurayuki¡± from the Heian period, the first Japanese journal that published before Western autobiographies, agonized over the exposure of his dual identity in the journal. The author of the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» which represents the Court literature of the Joseon Dynasty, was also in conflict by displaying a ¡°twofold oneselves¡± in the text. This paper attempts to examine the problem of dual identity between the author¡¯s life and his writing, which appears in the text of the ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» and the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡». After perusing the text of the two works, the actual writer and the narrator are divided, forcing the readers to feel a sense of incompatibility.This is because there is a narrator¡¯s appearance technique that is reminiscent of ¡°The Death of the Author¡± by Roland Barthes. The two diary literature forms describe themselves from different points of view, so this paper tries to take the paradoxical point of departure from the very opposite point of the traditional way of organizing the diary, and to consider the roles of the narrators of ¡°Onna¡± and ¡°Nain¡± in the text.The preface and epilogue of the ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» and the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» are a diary literature technique that assume the reader¡¯s understanding and a paradoxical statement that ruled out the aspects of the diary¡¯s factual record and declared that it was fiction. ¡®I¡¯ll tear it apart as soon as possible¡¯ at the end of ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» and ¡®I write it down briefly¡¯ in the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» are a lie that expected to get caught. By this unusual structure of cheating one¡¯s personal life through mentioning tearing it up quickly at the end or briefly recording it, the two diaries avoid responsibility while simultaneously producing fiction to create a diary literature.In the ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» and the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» real-life authors described their identity through the setting of the pronouns of ¡°Onna¡± and ¡°Nain¡±. It is to provide a way to objectively describe himself as a real writer through a first-person narrator. It was both a split of the author¡¯s subject and a reader-conscious attempt, and a kind of performance for ¡°showing¡± expressed in the desire to share their special experience. In other words, the narrator of the ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» was transformed into a woman who was a transformation of sex, and the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» into Nain, a transformation of status, which was also a division of their identity. It was also a way to create reading material by creating a new character, not a new me. The subjects of these two diaries in literature, the ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» and the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡», are not like the subject of fiction and are clearly divided in the text.The text of the ¡ºTOSA Diary¡» and the ¡ºKYECHUK Diary¡» as diary literature was set against a chronicle, but the fictitiousness is striking because the author reconstructed it to reveal his intentions. In particular, the two texts were those that attempted to divide themselves by featuring ¡°Onna¡± and ¡°Nain¡± in the text as the locations of the narrator.
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