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(Abstract) The purpose of this paper is to study Sea Waybill, the new shipping document replacing the traditional Bill of Lading(B/L) in international trade. For many years, the Bill of Lading has been used for shipping documents because of several merits. It was attractive and convenient instrument, especially in the days of long sea voyages. But the developments of shipbuilding and voyage technology led to the high speed of ship, as a result of that the ship to carry cargo had arrived at the port of destination before consignee got the shipping documents. So consignee had a long wait for documents and pay additional expense for warehouse charges until the documents arrive. We called it the crisis of Bill of Lading. Under these situations, the Sea Waybill appeared as an alternative method to overcome the problems of B/L. In other words, where a document of title is not required, the problems above can be solved by substitution of Sea Waybill for the Bill of Lading. Nowadays, issuing Sea Waybill has increased for the transport document, because it is a non-negotiable document and the consignee does not have to present it when he exchange for cargo to arrive. The advantage of using the Sea Waybill is that it avoids the problems arising from the late arrival of shipping documents. And the other advantage is that it will help to reduce the incidence of fraud by fabricating documents. Since 1970, the use of Sea Waybill has been increased step by step. However unlike many Europe countries, the use of Sea Waybill is sluggish in Asian countries including Korea. This study is constructed as follows. Chapter ¥° introduces the purpose and scope of this study. Chapter ¥± reviews the definition of the Sea Waybill. And also compares Sea Waybill with other transport documents including Bill of Lading. Chapter ¥² is dealing with International Conventions and Rules concerning Sea Waybill like Hague Rules, Hamburg Rules, CMI Uniform Rules, Incoterms 2000, UCP 600 and so on. Chapter ¥³ is discussing the issuing and effect of Sea Waybill in the Korea Commercial Law revised in 2007, and looking around the Electronic Sea Waybill. Chapter ¥´ discusses the problems in using Sea Waybill and methods of overcoming the demerits of Sea Waybill. AS the conclusion, Chapter ¥µ finishes this study by abridging above-mentioned Sea Waybill. And suggests several proposals for proper use of the new shipping document in international trade.

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Á¤º¸È­½Ã´ëÀÇ Åë½Å¸ÁÀº À̵¿´ë»óÀÌ µÇ´Â 'È­¹°'ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç ÀÌ·± È­¹°ÀÇ À̵¿Àº ¾î¶² ÇüÅÂ·Îµç »õ·Î¿î ºÎ°¡°¡Ä¡¸¦ âÃâÇس»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¼ ¶§ ¿ì¸®°¡ °ú¿¬ Á¤º¸È­½Ã´ë¿¡ Á¦´ë·Î ´ëóÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö Àǹ®À» °®Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

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º» ³í¹®Àº Á¦ÇÑµÈ Ã¶µµ ¼ö¼Û´É·Â ȯ°æ¿¡¼­ ¿©°´°ú È­¹°À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼ö¼ÛÇϱâ À§ÇÑ º¹ÇÕÈ­¹°¿­Â÷ÀÇ È­¹° ¹èÄ¡¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý Áß, ¶ó¿îµå ÄÁº£ÀÌ¾î ½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú ¼¼·ÎÇü ¼øȯ½Ä ½Ã½ºÅÛ. °¡·ÎÇü ¼øȯ½Ä ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °¢°¢ P Åùè»çÀÇ Áö¿ª°£ ¿î¼Û È­¹°·®À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ºÎ»ê¿¡¼­ ´ë±¸, ´ëÀü, ¿À¼ÛÀ» °ÅÃÄ ¼­¿ï¿¡ µµÂøÇÔÀ» °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿© °¢°¢ µµÂø¿ªº°·Î »óÇÏÂ÷ ½Ã°£À» °è»êÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× °á°ú °¡·ÎÇü ¼øȯ½Ä ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº È­¹° ÀûÀç °¡´É·®µµ Àû¾úÀ¸¸ç »óÇÏÂ÷ ½Ã°£µµ 434ÃÊ·Î °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¾ú°í ¼¼·ÎÇü ¼øȯ½Ä ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ »óÂ÷ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ´Ù¼Ò ¸¹ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ÃÑ ¼Ò¿ä½Ã°£¿¡¼­´Â 408ÃÊ·Î °¡Àå ¿ì¼öÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. °¢°¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛº°·Î »óÇÏÂ÷ ½Ã°£À» ºñ±³ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÇâÈÄ º¹ÇÕÈ­¹°¿­Â÷ Á¦À۽ÿ¡ À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í º¹ÇÕÈ­¹°¿­Â÷ÀÇ È­¹° ¿î¼Û È¿À²À» ÁõÁøÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

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Up-to-date cargo transport system, CVO(Commercial Vehicle Operations) is the system to manage efficiently cargo distribution as providing at real time the information of cargo location and situation through ITS and GPS technology. In this paper, we proposed the Gate Automation System of harbors among AEI/AVI. To implement his system, we use the DSRC/RFID(Dedicated Short Range Communication / Radio Frequency IDentification) which adopts an wireless communication between RSE(Road-side Equipment) and OBE(on-Board Equipment) on a vehicle. When constructing the Gate automation system of harbors, the business application ability are reviewed practically and the logistics facilities to be constructed in the near future may use this project results according to the international standard and it could help complete integrated logistics system.

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Data analysis is a process of generating useful information by evaluating real-world raw data for making better decisions in business development. In the freight transport logistics companies, the analysis of freight data is increasingly garnering considerable importance among the users for making better decisions regarding freight cost reductions. Consequently, in this study, we used R programming language to analyze the freight data that are collected from freight transport logistics company. Usually, the freight rate varies based on chosen day of the week. In here, we analyzed and visualized the results such as frequency of cost vs days, frequency of requested goods in ton vs days, frequency of order vs days, and frequency of order status vs days for the last one-year freight data. These analysis results are beneficial in the viewpoint of the users in ordering process.

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´ÙÇ°Á¾ ¼Ò·® »ý»ê Ç°¸ñÀÇ ¼ö¿ä Áõ°¡¿Í ÀüÀÚ»ó°Å·¡ ½ÃÀåÀÇ ¹ß´Þ·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¼Ò·®È­¹°(Less than Container Load, LCL)ÀÇ ¼öÃâÀÔ ºñÁßÀÌ È®´ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ±¹Á¦¹°·ùÁÖ¼±¾÷¿¡¼­ ¼Ò·®È­¹°À» ´Ù·ç´Â ¾÷üÀÇ ºñÁßÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. È­¹° Å©±âÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼º°ú ÀÌÇØ´ç»çÀÚÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ ±¸Á¶°¡ ¸Â¹°·Á, ÄÁÅ×À̳ÊÀÇ °ø°£ È¿À²¼ºÀ» ÃÖ´ëÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È­¹° ÀûÀç ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ Áß¿äÇØÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, È­¹° ÀûÀç °èȹÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¼ö¸³ÇÏ¿© ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê Á¶ÀÛÀå(Container Freight Station, CFS)¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â Çö »óȲÀÇ Æ¯¼º»ó, »ê¾÷ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎ °¡´ÉÇÑ º¯¼öµéÀ» ÀûÀç °èȹ¿¡ ¹Ý¿µÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â »ê¾÷ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ÀûÀç °èȹÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇÑ È­¹° ÀûÀç ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù. È­¹°ÀÇ Æ¯¼º¿¡ µû¸¥ ºÒ¿ë °ø°£°ú ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ³»ºÎ ÇöȲÀ» °í·ÁÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© »ê¾÷ ÇöÀåÀÇ ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À» ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í, 3Â÷¿ø °ø°£À» 2Â÷¿ø Æò¸é ·¹À̾î·Î Á¶ÀÛÇÏ¿© ÀûÀç °èȹÀ» ¼ö¸³ÇÏ¿© ½Ã°£ º¹Àâµµ¸¦ ÁÙÀÓÀ¸·Î½á »ê¾÷ÇöÀåÀÇ È°¿ë¼ºÀ» ³ô¿´´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ÅëÇØ È­¹° ÀûÀç °èȹ Ç°ÁúÀÇ ÀÏ°ü¼ºÀ» ³ôÀÌ°í, ÀûÀç °èȹ ¼ö¸³ ÀÚµ¿È­¿¡ ±â¿©¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

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º» ¿¬±¸´Â ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó È­ÁÖÀÇ ¼ö¼Û¼ö´Ü ¼±ÅÃƯ¼ºÀ» ÆľÇÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ðÇüÀÇ ÇüÅ´ °³º°ÇàŸðÇüÀ̸ç SP ÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. SP Á¶»ç´Â ½ÇÇè¼³°è¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁغñÇÏ¿´´Ù. °í·ÁÇÑ ¿äÀÎÀº ¼ö¼Û½Ã°£, ¼ö¼Ûºñ¿ë, ¼­ºñ½º ¼öÁØÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ µµÃâµÈ ½Ã»çÁ¡Àº öµµ¼ö¼ÛÀÇ ¼ö¿ä¸¦ Áõ´ë½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ­´Â ¼ö¼Ûºñ¿ëÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Â Àü·«ÀÌ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. È­¹° Ç°¸ñº°·Î ¼³¸íÇϸé, ÄÁÅ×À̳ʴ ¼ö¼Ûºñ¿ëÀÇ °¨¼Ò¿Í ´õºÒ¾î ¼ö¼Û½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃà½ÃÅ°°í ¼­ºñ½º ¼öÁØÀ» °³¼±ÇÒ ¶§ °ø·Î¼ö¼Û¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© °æÀï·ÂÀ» È®º¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Æò°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¾çȸ¿Í ö°­ µî ¹úÅ©È­¹°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¿ä¼Òº¸´Ù ¼ö¼Ûºñ¿ëÀ» ÀÎÇÏÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ È¿°úÀûÀÌ´Ù.

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RFID ±â¼úÀº À¯ºñÄõÅͽº »çȸ·Î °¡´Â ù°ÉÀ½À¸·Î ÀνĵǸ鼭 ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸¿Í È°¿ë¹æ¾ÈÀÌ ³íÀǵǰí ÀÖ´Ù. Ç׸¸ ¹°·ùÀÇ È­¹° ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê º¸È£ ºÐ¾ßµµ ±× ÁÁÀº ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, È­¹° ÄÁÅ×À̳ʸ¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Àá±×°í ¿­¸ç, È­¹° Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ Àü±âÀû Àá±Ý ÀåÄ¡·Î½á RFID ±â¼úÀÌ È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º» °í¿¡¼­´Â È­¹° ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ¿î¼ÛÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±¹Á¦ Ç¥ÁØÈ­ ÇöȲÀ» »ìÆ캸°í, ½ÇÁ¦ »ó¿ëÈ­¿¡ ¹ÚÂ÷¸¦ °¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ RFID ÀåÄ¡ÀÎ ÀüÀÚºÀÀÎ(eSeal)°ú ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê º¸¾ÈÀåÄ¡(CSD)ÀÇ ±â¼úÀû Ư¡¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ³íÇÑ´Ù. º» °í¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °ü½ÉÀº ÀüÀÚ ÀåÄ¡·Î¼­ÀÇ È­¹° ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê º¸È£¿ë RFID ÅÂ±×¿Í ¸®´õ ±â¼úÀ̸ç, ƯÈ÷ È­¹° ÄÁÅ×À̳ÊÀÇ Áß¿ä µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ¿© ÄÁÅ×ÀÌ³Ê ¿î¼Û ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ È¿À²¼º°ú º¸¾È¼ºÀ» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çâ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º¸È£ ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À» Á¤¸®ÇÏ¸ç °á·ÐÀ» ¸Î´Â´Ù.

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Despite Korea logistics industry has been developed to the level of advanced countries, the competitiveness of the trucking carriers has been decreased. It is because that the industry has been suffered from the excessive supply and inefficiency in the transportation channel due to the poor government policy and business environment. These factors have caused truck drivers' transportation veto from 2003 year and got the serious damage on Korea economy. Recently, Korea government modified the trucking business law and tries to raise its competitive edge. Although the trucking information networks are one of the important contents in the modified law, however, previous researches in this area are few. Some researches have been accomplished for the effective establishment of the information network only by regarding the whole trucking industry as a single market. This research regards the trucking industry such as three different markets and tries to suggest the strategy for the establishment of the effective trucking information networks by analyzing the business environment, management characteristics and the needs of system users. The major findings are as follows. First, the analysis of business environment and management characteristics among three trucking industries by using ANOVA are all different. Second, cross-tab analysis of user needs for the trucking information networks are all different from the three trucking industry.

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º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¼º°úÁöÇ¥¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ °í·ÁÇÏ¸ç °¢ ¿ªÀÇ ¿î¿µÁ¶°ÇÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í ´õºÒ¾î È­¹°Ç°¸ñÀÇ Áß¿äµµ¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© °¢ È­¹°Ãë±Þ¿ªÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¾ÈÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ³í¹®¿¡¼­´Â 187°³ È­¹°Ãë±Þ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Ç°¸ñº° '¹ß¼Û±Ô¸ð'¿Í 'µµÂø±Ô¸ð'¸¦ ¼º°úÁöÇ¥·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í °¢ ¿ªÀÇ 'È­¹°ÀηÂ'°ú 'À¯Ä¡°¡´É·®'À» ¿î¿µÁ¶°ÇÁö Ç¥·Î »ç¿ëÇϸç Ç°¸ñº° Áß¿äµµ¸¦ È®½Å¿µ¿ª Á¦¾àÁ¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â ÀÚ·áÆ÷¶ôºÐ¼®À¸·Î È¿À²¼ºÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â öµµ°æ¿µÀÚ ¶Ç´Â öµµÁ¤Ã¥´ã´çÀÚÀÇ °æ¿µÀü·«À̳ª Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù.

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¿À´Ã³¯ µµ½Ã Áö¿ªÀÇ È­¹°Â÷·®ÀÇ ÅëÇàÀº ÅëÇàÀÇ Á¦ÇÑÀ̳ª °ü¸®È°µ¿ÀÇ ºÎÀçÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î µµ·ÎÈ¥Àâ ¹®Á¦È­ ȯ°æ ¹× µµ·ÎÆļÕÀÇ »çȸºñ¿ë Áõ°¡ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇØ°áÀ» À§ÇØ º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â µµ½Ã ³» È­¹°Â÷·®ÀÇ È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇÑ È­¹°ÅëÇà¸Á ±¸Ãà¹æ¾ÈÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. º» ³í¹®À» ÅëÇØ Á¦¾ÈµÈ È­¹° ÅëÇà¸Á ±¸Ãà¹æ¾ÈÀº ÁÔ µéÀÇ È­¹°Â÷·® À¯ÃâÀÔ ÅëÇà·®ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±³Â÷ÅëÇà·®À» ¼ö¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °£¼±¸ÁÀ» ¹èÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´°í, °£¼±ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â µµ·ÎÀÇ À§°èº°·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¿ë·®Â÷À̸¦ °í·ÁÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, µµ·Î¸¦ 'µµ·Î¿ë·®Æí¶÷'ÀÇ ¿ë·®»êÁ¤À» À§ÇÑ ºÐ·ù¹æ½ÄÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© °í¼Óµµ·Î, ´ÙÂ÷·Î µµ·Î, µµ½Ã ¹× ±³¿Ü °£¼±µµ·Î·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â Â÷·Î¼ö º° ÅëÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ È­¹°Â÷·®ÀÇ ÅëÇà¼ö¸¦ »êÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̶§, Â÷·Î¼ö º° È­¹°Â÷·® ÅëÇà·®Àº µµ½Ã °èȹÀÚÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ µû¶ó Àû¿ë °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ±³Åë·ù Áß È­¹°Â÷·®ÀÇ À¯ÀÔ Çã¿ëºñÀ²¿¡ µû¶ó °¢°¢ »êÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î °³¹ßµÈ È­¹°ÅëÇà¸Á ±¸Ãà¹æ¾ÈÀ» ¼­¿ï½Ã¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÇغ½À¸·Î½á ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ È¿¿ë°ú Àû¿ë °¡´É¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù.

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The optimal shipping location is determined by measuring the volume and weights of cargo shipped to non-standard cargo carriers. Currently, workers manually measure cargo volume, but automate it to improve work inefficiency. In this paper, we proposed the method of a real-time volume calculation using LiDar sensor for automating cargo measurement of non-standard cargo. For this purpose, we utilized the statistical techniques for data preprocessing and volume calculation, also used Voxel Grid filter to light weighted of data which are appropriate in real-time calculation. We implemented the function of Normal vectors and Triangle Mesh to generate surfaces and Alpha Shapes algorithms to process 3D modeling.

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¿î¼Û¾÷ü´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÁúÀû ¼öÁØÀÇ ¿îÇàÀ» Áö¼ÓÇØ¾ß ÇϹǷΠ¼ö¿äº¯È­¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ¿© ´Ü½Ã°£³»¿¡ °ø±ÞÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥¿¡ ¾î·Á¿òÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü ¿î¼Û¾÷ü°¡ ¾î¶² Áö¿ªÀ» ¿îÇàÇϱâ·Î Çß´Ù¸é, ºñ·Ï ¿î¼Û¼ö¿ä°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿© ä»ê¼ºÀÌ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ´Ù¸¥ »óǰó·³ °ø±ÞÀ» ÀÓÀÇ´ë·Î °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°°Å³ª ´ÜÀý½Ãų ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ¿Í°°Àº ¼º°ÝÀº È­¹°ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡ À־ ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷º¸´Ù´Â ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡¼­ ÈξÀ ´õ °­ÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷Àº ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿î¼Û¼ö¿äÀÇ º¯µ¿¿¡ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â Ãø¸éÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í°°Àº ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷°ú ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡ À־ ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷Àº µµ·Î, È­¹°Å͹̳Π¸ðµÎ ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡ ºñÇØ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Âµ¥ µµ·Îº¸´Ù´Â È­¹°Å͹̳ÎÀÌ ´õ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. µµ·ÎÀÇ ºÎÁ·»óÅ´ 1990³â¿¡ °¡Àå ÄÆ´Ù°¡ ±×ÈÄ ÀÛ¾ÆÁø ¹Ý¸é, È­¹°Å͹̳ÎÀÇ ºÎÁ·»óÅ´ °è¼Ó Ä¿Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î È­¹°Å͹̳ÎÀº µµ·Î¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® È®ÃæÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´õ Å©¸ç, ÅõÀÚÁ¶°Ç¿¡ À־µµ µµ·Îº¸´Ù ´õ À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó È­¹°Å͹̳ÎÀ» È®ÃæÇÒ °æ¿ì ³ë¼±È­¹° ¿î¼Û¾÷ü¿¡¼­´Â µµ·ÎÀÇ È®ÃæÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö¸¸. ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡ À־´Â µµ·ÎÈ®ÃæÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ÁÙÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº È­¹°Å͹̳ÎÀº ¿î¼Û¼öÀÔÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷º¸´Ù´Â ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡ ´õ Å©°Ô ±â¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È­¹°Å͹̳ÎÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© µµ·Î¸¦ ÀûÁ¤¼öÁØÀ¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÒ °æ¿ì ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡¼­´Â ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ºÒ°æÁ¦°¡ ´õ Ä¿Áö°í, ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷¿¡¼­´Â ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ ´õ Ä¿Áö¹Ç·Î ±¸¿ªÈ­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷Àº ¼Ò±Ô¸ð ¿î¼Û¾÷ü ¹× °³º°È­¹°À» È°¼ºÈ­ÇØ¾ß Çϸç, ³ë¼±È­¹°¿î¼Û¾÷Àº ºñ¼öÀͳ뼱ÀÇ Á¸Àç, ÀÓ´ë ¿µ¾÷¼ÒÀÇ °ú´Ù, È­¹°Å͹̳ΠºÒÃæºÐ, ¿îÀü±â»çÀÇ ºÎÁ·, »ç°íÈ­¹° ÇÇÇغ¸»óÁ¦µµ ¹Ìºñ µî°ú °°Àº Á¦¹Ý ¹®Á¦Á¡À» °³¼±ÇÏ¿©, ±Ô¸ðÀÇ °æÁ¦¸¦ ÃÖ´ë·Î È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â¹ÝÀ» ±¸ÃàÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.vironment), Scene manager(manage 3D geographic world), Scene editor, Spatial analyzer(Intersect, Buffering, Network analysis), VRML exporter. While, most other 3D GISes or cartographic mapping systems may be categorized into 3D visualization systems handling terrain height-field processing, 2D GIS extension modules, or 3D geometric feature generation system using orthophoto image: actually, these are eventually considered as several parts of 'real 3D GIS'. As well as these things, other components, especially web-based 3D GIS, are being implemented in this study: Surface/feature integration, Java/VRML linkage, Mesh/Grid problem, LOD(Level of Detail)/Tiling, Public access security problem, 3-tier architecture extension, Surface handling strategy for VRML., -9.00~12.49 and -19.81~19.81%, respectively). Therefore, it is concluded that the two formulations are bioequivalent for both the extent

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º» ¿¬±¸´Â ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ¹«¿ªÇ×À¸·Î À¯ÃâÀÔÇÏ´Â ¹úÅ©È­¹°ÀÇ Ã¶µµ¿î¼ÛƯ¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹«¿ªÇ× ¹èÈÄ¿¡ ÀÔÁöÇÑ È­¹°¿ªÀÇ ¹úÅ©È­¹° ¿î¼ÛÀ» ½ÇÀûÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í ½Ã»çÁ¡À» µµÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¬±¸ °á°ú ¹«¿ªÇ× ¹èÈÄ Ã¶µµ¿ªÀÇ ¹úÅ©È­¹° 󸮷®Àº °¨¼ÒÃß¼¼ÀÌ¸ç °ø·Î¿î¼Û¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÀï·Âµµ È®º¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¿øÀÎÀº öµµ¿î¼ÛÀÇ °æÀï·Â ÀúÇÏ¿Í ´õºÒ¾î Ç׸¸ÀÎÀÔ¼±ÀÌ °Ç¼³µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »õ·Î¿î ¹«¿ªÇ×ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÌ Å©°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆľǵǾú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »õ·Î¿î ¹«¿ªÇ×°úÀÇ Ã¶µµ¿¬°è °­È­ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.

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´ëµµ½Ã È­¹° ±â Á¾Á¡ ÅëÇà·®(O/D) ÀÚ·á´Â °¢Á¾ ±³Åë°èȹ ¹× ¹°·ù°èȹÀÇ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¼ö¸³, ½ÃÇà, Æò°¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇʼöÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ±âÃÊÀÚ·áÀ̳ª ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ °æ¿ì ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç ¹× ¿¬±¸°¡ ¸Å¿ì ¹Ì¾àÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, Á¶»çÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±âÁ¾Á¡ È­¹°ÅëÇàÀ» ±¸ÃàÇÏ´Â Àü¼öÈ­ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì³ª ±¹³»ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿¬±¸°¡ ¸ðµÎ ¸Å¿ì ¹ÌÈíÇÑ ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù º» ³í¹®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¿ì¸®³ª¶óÀÇ ¼öµµ±ÇÀÇ È­¹°ÅëÇà½ÇÅ Á¶»çÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© È­¹°±âÁ¾Á¡ ÅëÇà·®À» ±¸ÃàÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Àü¼öÈ­ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, ´ëµµ½Ã±Ç È­¹°ÅëÇà Á¶»ç¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±âÁ¾Á¡ ÅëÇà·® Àü¼öÈ­ °úÁ¤ ¹× ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ±¸ÃàµÈ ´ëµµ½Ã±Ç È­¹° ±âÁ¾Á¡ ÅëÇà·® ÅëÇà Ư¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ƯÈ÷, º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â È­¹°ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿Í Ç°¸ñº° ±âÁ¾Á¡ ¹°µ¿·®À» °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÑ Àü¼öÈ­ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª À̸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ °í·ÁÇÏ´Â Àü¼öÈ­ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±×µ¿¾È °ø°³µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø È­¹°ÅëÇà Àü¼öÈ­ »ó¼¼°úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ Á» ´õ ½Å·Ú¼º ÀÖ°í Á¤È®ÇÑ Àü¼öÈ­ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ãʼ®ÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù.

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