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Abstract
 The Agent in Civil Litigation
 (A Comparative Study on Mongolian Civil Procedure Law)
 Natsagdorj Minjbadgar
 School of Law 
 Graduate School
 Korea University 
 Mongolians are considered themselves racially Asian but culturally European. Because they were influenced a lot by Russia. Altough were naturally seen as free thinking and openness, combined with free movement from nomadic life and natural environments, wide land, and climate. So, except for big events in life, Mongolians live with the notion like most of the time 'it will be done'. Unless the everyday problems in society are causing serious accidents, they do not seek to create a big problem. Designating that a person can act as a agent without a lawyer license in the provisions of the civil litigation system has been carried out with no one concerned about major problems in society. However, there has always been a case in which someone in question has been substantially affected by the voluntary agency system(a person can act as a agent without a lawyer license: non lawyers). The reason for this is that the existence of voluntary agents has performed the rights as a proxy in the proceedings, but there is no specific adjustment by law regarding the liability or obligation that must be made by performing the action on behalf of the parties. If the parties lose a lawsuit because of a voluntary agency's error, of course, it is impossible to recognize him as a lawyer and can not solve the problem of his responsibility by law. As a result, the party suffers both time and economic damages due to the irresponsible actions of voluntary agency. Furthermore, it will reduce public trust in the courts and the legal profession, delay the proceedings, and produce substantial results such as reducing the value of activities in the legal profession. 
 Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the activities of voluntary agents who are non lawyers, while increasing the participation of lawyers in civil suits. In Mongolia these days, the necessity of lawyers in civil lawsuits is growing. Until now, it has only been a failure to make laws that fit well with the public environment. The reason why I wrote this paper is that Mongolia's law system, especially civil litigation law is similar to Korea's civil litigation law, but it seems to have some differences. Of course, the development of the legal system was directly related to the economic and social development of the population of the country. However, Mongolia has developed rapidly in the recent 20 years, but the legal system, especially the civil litigation laws are maintained using the same theories of Russian academics that existed 20 years ago. Also until now, there has been little interest and research into civil procedure law. On the other hand, the incidence of civil cases was low. But not in the present circumstances. As a person who learn as a major civil procedure law in abroad, we should develop a new system to suit Mongolian society by studying the legal system and theories of other countries.
 However, now in Mongolia that the legal environment has progressed significantly, I think it is time to consider introducing a substitute lawyer system positively. The most important thing about the introduction of the lawyer's proxy system is the sufficient number of lawyers. This is not a problem in Mongolia. 
 Most of all, it is important to know where to start. In a step-by-step manner, the possibility of implementation of a lawyer's proxy system is considered to be acceptable. In the case of the adoption of a proxy system by an attorney, the Supreme Court should first apply the appeal case based on the priority level, and then expand the scope to the appeal case and the first trial court. If the value of the purpose of the litigation is considered, it is advisable to start with the settlement case of the first trial court. About the parties, one option would be to make the active party the first to apply in the lawsuit and to limit the passive party to the application of the plaintiffs claims in the event of an argument. 
 Finally, the lawyer's proxy system is a system that must be implemented to efficiently operate the judicial process and protect the rights and interests of the parties concerned. And in Mongolia, the most important thing when introducing a new system is to focus discussion and attention on how to introduce it and implement it efficiently.

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The decisions of the Court in civil procedure law during 2012 abound in its¡¯ contentswith diversity. They range from the traditional parts of jurisdiction, parties, principle of freeconviction, burden of proof in evidence, effect of excluding further litigation, rechtsschutz-interesse,recourse(appeal & re-appeal), complaint and retrial to the parts of costs of a lawsuit, execution,bankruptcy and constitutional appeal etc.They contains interesting complicated civil cases like as distinction of capacity for being a party,and representation right investigation as the responsibility of the court to the institution of a cowwhich specifically disobeyed subtitle place agreement, formation of the discussion jurisdiction to aspecial court, and party-concerned display correction, the capacity for being a party of a companionanimal, and an unincorporated team.And specification of Prozessgegenstand, distinction and undertaking of bankruptcy official goodspeople, the limit of prinzipder freien beweiswurdigung, Adjustment of the requirements forrecognition of foreign judgment, the foundation effect of judicially reconciliation, and partition, realright change time and legal costs, a legal fee, and the judgment in which the object of a trial ofan appeal and a cancellation send-off, the reason for a retrial for limited unconstitutionalitydetermination, etc.

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& & ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¹ýÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀº ÀûÁ¤, °øÆò, ½Å¼Ó, °æÁ¦ÀÌ°í, ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¹ý Á¦1Á¶ 1Ç׿¡ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¹ýÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀº ÀÔ¹ýÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥ ¶Ç´Â ÁöħÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¹ýÀÇ Çؼ®, Àû¿ë¿¡ À־µµ ±âÁØƲ·Î¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.& & ÇÑÆí, ¹Î¹ý, »ó¹ý µîÀÇ ½Çü¹ý°ú ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¹ý, ÇàÁ¤¼Ò¼Û¹ý °°Àº ÀýÂ÷¹ýÀº º°°³ÀÇ ¹ý¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹ý¿ø¸®¿Í ³»¿ëÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Çؼ® ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø°í ÀýÂ÷¹ýÀÇ Çؼ®¿ø¸®°¡ ½Çü¹ýÀÇ Çؼ®¿ø¸®¿Í ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â Àǹ̿¡¼­ À̸¦ ¡®ÀýÂ÷¹ý-½Çü¹ý À̺зС¯À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.& & ÀýÂ÷¹ý°ú ½Çü¹ý ¶Ç´Â ½ÇüÀû Áø½ÇÀÌ ¸¸³ª´Â ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ Çؼ®·ÐÀ¸·Î À̺зи¸À» °íÁýÇÏ¿© ½Çü¹ýÀû Çؼ® ¶Ç´Â ½ÇüÀû Áø½Ç°ú ±«¸®°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù¸é »ç¹ý ºÒ½ÅÀÌ ÃÊ·¡µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, À̺заú ÀûÁ¤, °øÆòÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀÌ Ãæµ¹ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÏ´Ü ¾çÀÚ¸¦ Á¶È­½ÃÅ°´Â Çؼ®À» µµ¸ðÇ쵂 ±Ô¹üÁ¶È­Àû Çؼ®ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀûÁ¤, °øÆòÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ¿ì¼±ÇÏ´Â Çؼ®À» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.& & ´Ù¸¸ ¼Ò¼ÛÀýÂ÷ÀÇ ¸íÈ®¼º°ú ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ´ãº¸ÇÏ´Â ¡®ÀýÂ÷¹ý-½Çü¹ý À̺зС¯Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¹ýÀ» Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ Æ²·Î¼­ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

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The decisions of the Court in civil procedure law during 2012 abound in its¡¯ contents with diversity. They range from the traditional parts of jurisdiction, parties, principle of free conviction, burden of proof in evidence, effect of excluding further litigation, rechtsschutz-interesse,recourse(appeal & re-appeal), complaint and retrial to the parts of costs of a lawsuit, execution,bankruptcy and constitutional appeal etc.They contains interesting complicated civil cases like as Forced laborers¡¯ claims for wartime pensions, Patent lawyers¡¯ qualification for an Attorney, Jointly-nominated temporary registration for the acquisition of real right over immovables, Wheat flour price-fixing, Real right¡¯s indemnity,Warranty of Apartment, Attorney¡¯s fee etc.

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With the entry into the digital society, various personal information is used in electronic form, and as social network services are widely used throughout society, the possibility of personal information exposure has dramatically increased. As a result, the damage caused by personal information exposure is increasing, and the demand for personal information protection is continuously increasing. Although exposure of personal information does not always lead to damage, the problem is that exposure itself has potential for damage. Such exposure of personal information is also a problem in the civil procedure based on the principle of public.Accordingly, this paper summarizes and reviews the legal basis for the collection and description of personal information in civil procedure and the related status, and then summarizes the improvement measures as follows. First, is it necessary to collect personal information by the court in the civil procedure? The court needs to collect personal information for jurisdiction, party identification, and service. There is no problem with the collection of personal information by the court because the court has legitimate legal authority and it is for public purposes for proceeding with the procedure. However, the problem is that personal information collected by the court has a possibility of being exposed as it is recorded in various litigation records. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the collection target and to strengthen the protection measures for the recorded personal information. Second, should the court always collect names, addresses, contact information, and social security numbers? Collecting all of these will help smooth proceedings in litigation, but all personal information is not always required, and personal information exposure itself is a problem, so it is reasonable to reduce the collection itself. This needs to start with observing the principles. In other words, it is reasonable to distinguish between essential and optional information based on civil procedure related laws and to guide them so that the parties can choose whether or not to include them. Third, what is the appropriate method for restricting the collection of personal information? Although collection restrictions are necessary from the point of view of personal information protection, the need for collection by the courts also has a reasonable basis, so unilateral restrictions are not appropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to start by partially restricting the collection of personal information in procedures where the need to collect personal information is small. Limiting the collection of addresses when both parties proceed with electronic litigation, and restricting or partially listing addresses when an attorney is appointed can be a method. Fourth, what measures are necessary to strengthen the protection of personal information? It is necessary to comply with the existing principles, and to unify the principles regarding the perusal and disclosure of litigation records. In other words, in the case of litigation records subject to perusal and disclosure, in principle, it is necessary to protect personal information, and it is necessary to explicitly state the basis under the civil procedure act. In the case of resident registration numbers, it is reasonable to limit the collection itself from the point of view of personal information protection. However, if the resident registration number is collected by the court to proceed with the procedure, it is necessary to block exposure by using an alternative number for the record.

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The decisions of the Court in civil procedure law during 2011 abound in its¡¯ contents with diversity. They contains interesting complicated civil cases like as request of correction about mad cow disease news, enormous delayed loss for consolation money etc.And they range from the traditional parts of jurisdiction, parties, co-litigation in principal, of principle of free conviction and burden of proof in evidence, and oral proceeding, right to elucidation, effect of excluding further litigation, rechtsschutz-interesse, recourse(appeal &re-appeal), complaint, retrial to the new parts of costs of a lawsuit, execution, bankruptcy and especially constitutional appeal etc.

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Because the Civil Procedure Code makes it a rule to pleadings principle, victory or defeat of lawsuit depend on persuasion of parties litigant and whether proof or not. However, because the Civil Procedure Code has not concrete limitation rule for the admissibility of evidence in contrast with the Criminal Procedure Code, hearsay evidence has the admissibility of evidence and document which is written after filing a lawsuit not limit on the admissibility of evidence. So, naturally, the Exclusionary Rule of Illegally Obtained Evidence under 2 of Article 308 in the Criminal Procedure Code isn¡¯t existed. In other countries, there are some cases for a long time which had disapproved the admissibility of evidence, applying the Exclusionary Rule, while no precedent had disapproved until now in Korea. There is a only one precedent which had disapproved the admissibility of evidence due to the illegality of evidence investigation process.However, the issue of the admissibility of evidence for illegal gathered evidence in this precedent treats the admissibility of evidence which was gathered by invasion for others¡¯ benefit and protection of the law before filing a lawsuit or during legal proceedings. Although the Exclusionary Rule of Illegally Obtained Evidence origins the procedure of criminal cases, it needs to active effort to accept this one. It musts not that lawsuit condition to one¡¯s advantage is built by infringement for others¡¯ benefit and protection of the law. By the acceptance of this legal principle, there is practical reason to prevent to infringing the rights. I argue that this legal principle have to be discussed aggressively because it is a common view and perspective of precedent that due process principle in Constitution is leading principle which governs not also to procedure of criminal cases, but also to all fields which governmental authority is exerted. Also, it needs in conditions which it is increasing to necessity of protection for one¡¯s private life by development of advanced technology.

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Áß±¹¡¸¹Ýµ¶Á¡¹ý¡¹Àº Á¦Á¤ÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ´ÊÀº ¹Ù 2008³â¿¡ À̸£·¯¼­¾ß Á¦Á¤µÇ¾ú°í 2022³â 6¿ù¿¡ À̸£·¯ ¡¸¹Ýµ¶Á¡¹ý¡¹Àº Á¦Á¤ ÀÌÈÄ Ã¹ °³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¡¸¹Ýµ¶Á¡¹ý¡¹Àº ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¿¡ ¹ý·üÀû ±Ù°Å¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ¿´´Â¹Ù, ¡¸¹Ýµ¶Á¡¹ý¡¹ Á¦60Á¶(±¸¹ý Á¦50Á¶)´Â ¡°»ç¾÷ÀÚ°¡ µ¶Á¡ÇàÀ§¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿© ŸÀο¡°Ô ¼ÕÇظ¦ ÀÔÈù °æ¿ì ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Î»çÃ¥ÀÓÀ» Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 
 ¹Ýµ¶Á¡¹ýÀÌ ½ÃÇàµÈ ÀÌÈÄ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼ÛÀÌ ¹ý¿ø¿¡ Á¢¼öµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ±× ¼ö°¡ ¸Å¿ì Àû°í ¿ø°í°¡ ½Â¼ÒÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ±ØÈ÷ µå¹°¾ú´Ù. ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¿¡¼­ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û Áõ¸íÃ¥ÀÓ ºÐ¹èÀÇ ÀϹݿøÄ¢À» ±×´ë·Î Àû¿ëÇÏ¸é ¿ø°íÀÇ Áõ¸íÃ¥ÀÓÀÌ °úÁßÇÏ¿© ¿ø°í ½Â¼ÒÀ²ÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ³·¾ÆÁö´Â ºÒ°øÁ¤ÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ·Î ÇÏ¿© ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ½ÃÀåÁú¼­¸¦ ±Ô¹üÇÏ´Â ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.
 ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼ÛÀÇ Æ¯¼ö¼º°ú ¹Ýµ¶Á¡ ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼ÛÀÌ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Ä¡¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© Áõ¸íÃ¥ÀÓ ºÐ¹è¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó 2012³â ¡¸¹Ýµ¶Á¡»ç¹ýÇؼ®¡¹Àº Áõ¸íÃ¥ÀÓ ºÐ¹è¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯º°±ÔÁ¤À» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Á¤µµ¿¡¼­ ¿ø°íÀÇ Áõ¸íÃ¥ÀÓÀ» °æ°¨ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ý·ü Á¶¹®ÀÌ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ°í ºÒ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°í, ºÐ¹è ±ÔÁ¤ÀÌ ºÒÇÕÇÏ¿©, Áõ°ÅÀÇ ¼öÁýÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î µî ¹®Á¦Á¡ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. 
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It has been over 10 years since the first statutory multiple damages were introduced in Korea, and this strange new scheme has been pretty popular in various fields. However, the most cases in which multiple damages are actually claimed are subcontracting cases, and there are hardly any examples in which damages have been sentenced in other fields.
 Nevertheless, bills providing excessive multiple damages have been introduced continuously because of the catharsis that the word “punitive” gives to the people.
 The biggest problem is that the current legislation has not been designed after thinking deeply about the difference between punitive damages and statutory multiple damages. Such unrefined legislation may increase the complexity in hearing statutory multiple damages cases.
 In this study, I looked at various procedural problems in the trial of the current statutory multiple damages claim, which have not been researched so far compared to studies in the substantive law areas. A claim for statutory damages with a punitive nature should be viewed as a separate subject matter of the case that is distinct from a claim for compensation that principle of disposition does not apply. In addition, it may be considered reasonable in view of the institutional purpose and public interest that it is possible for the court to compensate the multiplier ex officio or to recognize a higher multiplier beyond the multiplier requested by the parties. In particular, I suggest a two-stage test in the trial of multiple damages. In the first step, it should be determined whether a statutory multiple damages provision can be triggered by satisfying the particular statutory requirements, and in the second step, a determination of the multiplier should be made after considering statutorily given factors. In particular, since the determination of the multiplier in the second stage is a legal evaluation of the facts, it should be considered that the court can decide it on its own motion.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

This article analyzes the decisions of the Constitutional Court related to civil litigation by dividing them into civil jurisdiction, the right to access to justice, the right to a fair trial in the civil procedure, the right to appeal and the right to retrial in consideration of the specific content of the right to obtain justice in the court and the scope of its protection.The Constitutional Court has ruled on January 25, 1989 that the Article 6 (1) of ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING EXPEDITION, ETC. OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, which exempted the state from the sentence of provisional execution, was unconstitutional. In addition, the Constitutional Court has made many meaningful decisions since its establishment in 1988.However, there are some unsatisfactory aspects in the decisions related to civil litigation as follows: first, the separation of powers is not considered as to the unconstitutionality of the provisions granting ¡®claim preclusion¡¯ to administrative decisions that have not been challenged; second, the Constitutional Court ruled that the stamp tax system, which restricts people's access to justice by not stipulating an upper limit, was constitutional on the grounds of the abuse of litigation, but its meaning is not clear, and no statistics have been presented about it, and it is the same for the litigation relief system that requires that the invincibility of the party; third, the constitutional review of the legislation restricting the right to appeal and the right to retrial is not practically conducted because of excluding the right to a trial in the appeals trial from the content of the right to obtain justice in the court; fourth, the court's duty to argue and persuade the parties through the judgment is the essence of the trial, but the relevant provisions of ACT ON SPECIAL CASES CONCERNING PROCEDURE FOR TRIAL BY THE SUPREME COURT, which stipulates that no grounds may be stated in the judgment of the supreme court, is declared constitutional based only on the speed of the procedure.From the point of view of a civil procedure law researcher, the civil litigation system is a result of the prohibition of self-remedies and the right to obtain justice in the court was stipulated historically as a fundamental right in the Constitution to guarantee the principle of judicial procedure at least and permanently, which has been regulated by the litigation law, and to ensure effective access to the justice of the people. As the right to obtain justice in the court has meaning as a means of realizing substantive fundamental rights, it must contain the contents that can guarantee the effective legal protection through judicial procedures. It is expected that the interpretation of the right to obtain justice in the court and control of the legislation will be properly implemented so that the judicial system can perform its roles and functions appropriate to the changing society.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

In the Civil Procedure Law academia, Article 1 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act has been unanimously interpreted as declaring ¡®four major ideals of civil procedure.¡¯ The ideals of justice, fairness, speediness, inexpensiveness were already discussed as ¡®the ideals of the civil litigation system¡¯ in Japan in the 1930s, and the discussion in Japan has been accepted in Korea since before 1950.Article 1 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act literally imposes an obligation on the court to conduct procedures fairly, speedily and economically. Its origin is the Article 1 of the Old Civil Procedure Act of 1990 and Article 21 of the Old Rules of Civil Procedure, and the content of Article 3 of the Old Rules of Civil Procedure in Japan was similar to Article 21 of the Old Rules of Civil Procedure. Thus, Article 1 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act should not be regarded as a provision that stipulates the ideal of civil litigation system, but rather stipulates the values to be realized in civil procedure or the court's obligation to comply. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the conventional interpretation of Article 1 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act.The right to a fair trial is not only a constitutional right, but also stipulated in international norms, and Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom, etc. have been developing legal principles regarding a fair trial. These may be referred to in interpreting Article 1 (1) of the Korean Civil Procedure Act.In a fair trial, the parties are recognizes as subjects of litigation by a neutral judge, and not merely equal opportunities are guaranteed, but substantive procedures are guaranteed by obtaining the claims and evidence that the parties are actually trying to present, submitting them to the court, and discussing them. Such an active litigation will reduce the time, cost, and effort invested by the court and the parties in the litigation and as a result, it will promote the process and can be linked to an efficient hearing. In the end, the fair, speedy and economical procedure stipulated in Article 1 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act means a substantial and efficient trial, which will ultimately guarantee the parties¡¯ acceptance of the legitimacy of trial result.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

¡®Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act¡¯ let bankruptcy court make final and conclusive confirmation after inspection within its own prompt summary procedure without executive titles from a separate civil action. These judgement has the same effect as confirmation judgement of civil court, and creditors can exercise their rights within rehabilitation, bankrupt, and individual rehabilitation procedure(abbreviate to ¡®the bankruptcy procedure¡¯).The main issues in ¡®the bankruptcy procedure¡¯ related to civil procedure are first, whether even after commencement of rehabilitation procedure, bankruptcy declaration, commencement of individual rehabilitation procedure(abbreviate to ¡®the commencement of bankruptcy procedure¡¯), creditors can file a separate civil lawsuit on the ground of rehabilitation claims or security rights, bankruptcy claims, individual rehabilitation claims which are entered in the list of individual rehabilitation creditors. Second, how ¡®the commencement of bankruptcy procedure¡¯ affects pending civil litigation in case that civil lawsuit is already filed before ¡®the commencement of bankruptcy procedure¡¯(The filing of a bankruptcy petition does not automatically stays civil action under ¡®Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act¡¯).Considering the purpose of ¡®Debtor Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy Act¡¯ and process of confirmation after inspection within ¡®the bankruptcy procedure¡¯ and stability of the bankruptcy system, I think that after ¡®the commencement of bankruptcy procedure¡¯ creditors must be prohibited from filing a new separate civil lawsuit. And if creditors file a civil lawsuit before ¡®the commencement of bankruptcy procedure¡¯, the pending civil litigation must be dealt differently according to the nature of the lawsuit and the result of the confirmation after inspection.

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