NDSL 69,472 Link page [] ư Ŭϼ.

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal what the correlation between the discourse unit and its meaning is.Here I tried to show what can be called as a discourse unit. I accept the criteria Grosz and Sidner(1986) suggested for, which is (a) linguistic structure, (b) intention structure, and (c) attention state. According to the criteria, a discourse unit should have a distinct intention(kind of discourse function) and internal information structures to make it cohesive, besides its linguistic units included. Though it is not easy to define a discourse unit formally, we can try to assess some hierarchical relations within a discourse.About the meaning of a discourse, we need to separate the explicit meaning and the implicit meaning of it. Utterances within a discourse are situationally constrained within the context(discourse domain) they occur. Therefore, to interpret the meaning of the discourse clearly, we need to make explicit all the meanings of utterances within the discourse first. And then, we should evaluate them considering other cognitive structures human minds have in common, e.g. plan, frame, schema, script, etc. and stretching all our inferential ability to exploit all the common knowledge available at the moment.

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This paper aims at building the model that measures the effect of building characteristics on traffic volumes. What kinds of building characteristics make an effect on how many traffic volumes? Department store lead to the traffic volumes which correspond to 3.7 times of office, and double of general hospital. Traffic volumes is increasing with the increase of building scale in case of general hospital, but opposite to the department store and offices. Whereas offices have the most traffic volumes in the city of one million population, department store and general hospital generate traffic volumes. Most of building induce more traffic volumes on saturday and sunday than the other day. Building scale and services have an influence on traffic volumes according to the building location, and the travel day, which piecewise linear regression model catches through the double logarithm function. Kind of building, scale of floor area, regional characteristics and day of a week are hired as independent variables whereas the dependent is traffic volume generation. Plotting between dependent variable and independent variables show that double logarithm function has a higher goodness of fit to the raw data than other functions. Calibrated model can be used in estimating traffic volumes under the various building conditions such as building scale, services, location and travel day.

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߱ ȸ ü ġ д´. 1980 ȭǾ, Ƿ, ϻ , ϴ Ȱ ۵Ѵ. ǰ հ ִ Ҽ Ҿ , ̶ ⼼ ̵ȴ. - ̷, 긣 , šũ ȸ мϿ, Թȭ, ƾȭǰ ᱹ, Ǵ 󰣴. ϻ ӿ 巯 ũ ǹ ΰҿܷ ͰǸ, Ƿ ϰ ȭǴ õ Ѵ. ̿ ġ Ű Ƿ° ü Ʈȸ  巯, ȭ ϻ  ӿ ü ϴ ϰ ϴ Ǹ д.

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ؾ ۹(%o) ٸ ٲ . 츮 б, б ۹(%o) ϰ ִ. д ȭ ߴ ٷ, ̸ ϸ, ׸ ʿ伺 Ÿ缺 ϴµ ִ. ̸ 7 27 ߵ б ٷ ִ ǥ, ǵ Ͽ. м 1967 2008 ѱؾȸ 鿡 ϰ ִ 󵵼 Ͽ. %o 96.3%, ׸ ǥ 83.8% Ͽ. ̿ 1994 psu ϱ Ͽ, 2004 ķδ %o ʰ ־.

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ȯ濡 Ǽ ü ùķ̼ǰ ǥ ʿ ü Ӽ Ǹ ؼ ϴ Ѵ. ǥȭ ԰ Ǹ Ͽ SI (International System of Units) ⺻ ϰ 󼼰 ǥȭ ԰ Ͽ 3D ǥ X3D(Extensible 3D) Ͽ Ѵ. X3D ԰ ȿ ϴ ü X3D ȿ ȭ ǥDZ ؼ X3D ü Ű մϰ ǵǾ Ѵ. Ǽ X3D Ű ȮϿ ϰ, Ȯ X3D ԰ ϴ ü X3D ü  ٸ ̿Ͽ мѴ.

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The mathematics has moved toward the independence from unit. However, is this tendency also kept up in teaching and learning mathematics? This study starts from this question. We have illuminated this question in respects of a character of unit operation, an essential probability of unit operation and a didactical application of unit. As results, addition and subtraction are operations on identical objects and the result of operation does not also get out of operation's object. On the other hand, multiplication and division are operations on both identical objects and different objects. And the result of operation can generate new unit. We proposed a hypothesis which multiplication and division are transcendental operations from this analysis. The unit operation is not possible essentially. It seems only like unit operation is possible superficially by operational definition on unit. We could discuss on a didactical application of unit from above analysis. And we could deduct implications that the direction of developing mathematic does not necessarily match with the direction of teaching and learning mathematics.

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ó () ο ذå(̽) ϳμ () ڷ¹(ۡ), 緡() X() () ̿() а(ͣ) () 缱(ۯ), ׸ () ڻǰ(ߧ) () (ʥ) 缱(ۯ) () () (μ֤)Ͽ ко() ()ϴ 鿡 () (μ)Ÿ ǰִ. ׷, 켱() 缱(ۯ) (μ) ()߿ ()Ǵ 缱(ۯͪ) ־ () (Ӥ) () ü(ͧ) ()Ǿ. () 缱(ۯ) ü() ĥ ִ ()ο () ־() ξ 缱(), (), 緮(), ׸ ׵ (μ) ɵ(ۯ) (μ)Ͽ ()Ǿ. Ư() 缱(ۯ), X ()(), ($\Gamma$) ()ϴ Լ() ǥ()Ǿ, ü() (Үݻ) () (ۯ)κ () () ̸ ȿ(ڪ) (Somatic or Genetic Effects) (μ֤)Ǵ (Үݻ) ()($\Delta_i$) ($F_i$) ()ϴ () 𵨷 Ұ(˿)Ǿ. (ۯ) 缱(ۯ) (ڪ) ڿر()̹Ƿ ٸ 缱(ۯ) () 缱(), ()׸ 緮() (ܬԲ) ()Ͽ ξ(ݾ)Ѵ.

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δ 2007 7 1Ϻ ̳ (ު)跮 ŷ Ȱ ش ϴ ͻӸ ƴ϶ ǥϴ ܼϰ ִ. ׷ ̳ ° ٸ ǰ ִ. ̷ ̳ Ȱ跮 ǹ̸ ϰ ־ Ȱ ӿ ϱ ϱ ̴. ϰ ִ Ȱ跮 ν Ȱ Բ ִ Ͽ.

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ֱ ߿伺 鼭, ȭ, м ϴ ʿ伺 Ŀ ִ. ݿ ѵ ļ 뿪, ȣ ȯ Ư Ʈ ʵ ϱ Ʈ δ ƴ. ̷ ʵ Ͽ, Ʈ ƴ϶ Ʈ 迡 ģ Ʈ ʵ ϰ ĺ ֵ Ͽ. ȿ ϱ CCSDS ǥ ť Ǵ , , Ե پ ȯ濡 Ͽ. , ǥ , , ȯ濡 0.65, 0.57, 0.59 F1 score ϸ . м Ŷ 1000 쿡 м ҿ ð 15 ̳ Ǿ, ȯ濡 ȮϿ.

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ǥ м л м ü ϰ,  ϰų ȯϴ, ׸ Ͽ  ۵ϴ мѴ. ̸ м ܿ ̼ ʵб 3г л 20 ǥ м ϰ м Ͽ. м , м л м ü , õ ü, Ǵ м ü ؼϴ ٸ . ݿ Ϻ л ݸ, ٸ л ȯϿ, δ м ؼ ̸ 巯 ߿ ۵Ͽ. ׷ 쿡 м ݺ Ǵ Ŀ ̰ Ÿ. ̴ м ذ ̳ θ Ѿ ۵ Ŀ ȭ ش. ̷ м ظ ̳ θ ϱⰡ , м  ǰ Ǵ Բ м ʿ䰡 ûѴ. м ߷ ؼν, м ̷ Ǹ ȮѴ.

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This study examined the actual meanings of unit nouns related to the measurement used in the middle Korean literature. In particular, the study analyzed the records related to weights and measures in each document including the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty, and predicted the actual length, the width, and unit of volume converted with the modern metric measurements depending on which measurement was used for each period and purpose. 1. Length unit (1) According to Examples of the Uses of the Letters in the Haerye Edition of Hunminjeongeum, (jawicheok) explains as (ja) is the same unit noun as (cheok). (cheok) is (sipchon) when it is used as a unit noun and (, ja) is described as ġ(yeol chi). (2) Chinese character'(jang), a noun that describes a unit of quantity is described as (sipcheokjang) in Jeonsang(߾), and (jang) also has different lengths respectively considering that ô(cheok) is different with usage and time. (3) The word (gil) is described as (, jang) by Waeoyuhae (First volume 39), but (, jang) and (, sim)4 are denoted by Ahakpyon (Second volume 12) and (, sim) is denoted as 8ô(cheok) in Wongakgyeong Eonhae (First volume 66). Although (jang) is denoted as (sipcheokjang) in Jeonsang(߾), it seems that the perception of (, sim) was not clear because there was not much use. (4) The length unit consists of (, ja)-(ġ, chi)-(bun)-(ri) based on the general measure. (ja) is called ٣(domyung), (sipchi) in Jeonsang(߾). (chi) is widely used as a basic unit of length with (ja) (5) In addition to this, (bo), (mu) and (ri) indicating distance are used. According to Ƥӿ ߲Ƥ in Wolseok(1:15), 졯 is about 400m distance. 1ơ is about 1.3m. Based on in Wolseok(1:39), it is also identified ⡯ which is a larger unit than (ri). It is about 1.6km.  is ݸ ơ, so the distance is about 300m. 2. Width unit (1) The width unit is based on the length unit. This is because the unit of width is based on the concept of the squared length unit. (bo) is an ancient unit of length and unit of width, and it is the length of two counted steps. One step is called (, gyu). It means the length of six by general measure(). (2) In Hunmon Jahoe, (hyu), (ju) and (mu) all correspond to the Korean translation ̶(irang). The (mu) in Middle Korean corresponds to 240(bo) when it means the concept of distance as shown in : in Seokbo(6:25). (3) The word ժ(lak) refers to the width of rice fields that the seed falls to the ground when sowing, and is expressed as (ժ, ildurak), (ժ, iseongnak) and so on. (kyung) means the area that can be plowed with a force of one cow, and appears Ʋ(, iilgyeong), Ѵް(, ilwolgyeong) and others. In other words, (ilbu) means (baekmu), (ilok) means ߲(sambu), (iljeong) means ߲(samok), (ileup) means 4(sajeong), (ilgu) means (saeup), (iljeon) means (sagu), (ilhyun) means (sajeon), Դ(ildo) means (sahyun), and (ildong) means Դ(sado), in terms of the units of measurement in Bonliji. (4) Park Youngkyu Jeon shows that (kyung) is used as the unit for measuring land width by expressing, King Taejo in Joseon Dynasty gave Park, Youngkyu the land of 1000 kyung after he ruled Shingum in Post Baekje. 3. Volume Unit (1) Volume is measured in terms of length, width, height in the present concept. This is the concept of space. In the materials of late Middle Korean, this concept was measured as the concept of length, width, depth. (2) In the early Joseon Dynasty, assuming that Youngjocheok(ô), measurement unit was about 30.8cm, the volume of 1(seung) is about 0.57. It is less than one third volume comparing with todays volume of 1(seung). When 1(seung) is about 600, the amount of 1ȩ(hop) is converted into 60. (3) The word (seung) is used as a meaning for (siphap) in Jeonsang(߾), and used as the same meaning as the native Korean, (doe). (4) Since (doe) and ȩ(hop) are concepts of volume and quantity, the measuring unit is used in various ways including water and alcohol. (5) The word (du) refers to a container with a tool or bag to measure the amount of (mal), and it means the amount of (sipseung), ǵ(yeoldoedeuri) by (shini). 6) The Chinese word (, seok) is used as (syeom)>(seom). The word (seok) is ٣(yangmyeong), meaning (sipdu). (syeom), and (mal) were widely used as the nouns of volume units for objects such as rice, barley, bean, liquor, and water in real life. (7) The word (bun) is also used as a monetary and weight unit in addition to the length of 1/10 of (ilchon). (8) The word (don) corresponds to (sipbun) in a weight unit. The unit (don) originates from the Chinese character (, jeon) and the common noun money is converted into a weight unit. (9) The word (geun) is ׿(sipyuklyang), and was widely used as a unit of measuring food, gold, and silver. In Bonliji, the gold of each square by (ilchon) is a weight of 1(geun).

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չ Դ ȣ, , ǽ, ǽ, ǹ, ȭ, μ, ü, Ʈ, ֻվƮ ǹ Ϻ ϸ Ұϰ Ѵ.

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츮 ߿ ׷ ǥϴ ͵ ϴ. 翡 ڰ ϱ ų ȣ ũ ǥ Ұϰ, ó Դϴ. ̸ ڵ Բ ǥ ϴ ⸦ մϴ.

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ȭ ȣ Ͽ, ̰ ̳ ȸ ̸  ݿϰ ִ ϴ ̴. ̷ ̸ ϱ , , ȭ ̿ ȣ 캸Ҵ. ̸ û· ȭ 48 ȭ ȭ мϿ. ȣ ־. ȭ ̴ ȭ, ȭ , ȣ ̴ ȭ ȭ Ÿ. ȭ , ־. ȭ ̴ δ㷮 ݿѴ. ȭ ȹ ϰ ̷ ϴ ȭ ª ȭ ̸ δ. ȣ ̰ ȭ ªҴ ȭ ̿ ̴. ̴ ȭ ̿ Ͽ. ȣ ̸ µ, ̴ Ȱ ̿ δ. ־µ, ̴ ȭӵ ̿ ؼ ִ.

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ӻ Ͽ ϴ ̸, б  ִ ϴ ̴. ̿ ߷ ϰ, ӻ б 1г л ġ м õ ü ʷ Ѵ. , ġ м ٸ ذῡ ɼ ν л ϴ ̹ ̴.

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ϻȰ , , ,  ġ Ÿ ̴ Ȱ ܼߴ ȸκ ڿ ߻ ܳ ̹ DZ ߴ. ȭ ߴް Ҿ η Ȱ 鼭 Ȯϰ Ƹ ʿ䰡 Ǿ, ڿ ⺻ Ǵ  Ǿ. 󸶴 ڱ  , ۰ Ҿ ȣȯ Ǿ. ̷ ʿ伺 ܳ ٷ ó 츮 ϰ ϰִ ͹̴. ͹ ⺻ ڱ  ϰ ִ. þƿ ǥ Ǵ ͹ þ  Բ ϰ ִ. ̷ ͹ Ǽ ұϰ þε  ϰ ִ. 󿡼 ϰ ִ Ȱ ӿ ȭ ̱⿡ 縮 ٲ ̴. ִ Ư ϻȰ Ӽ νϰ ϴ ȰѴٸ ȿ ǻ dz Ȱ ̴. þƾ ߰, ϴ  캸 Ѵ.

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