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Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, foreign direct investment (FDI) became a part of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP) of the European Union. The EU started the EU-level review of the existing bilateral investment agreements (BIAs), while it inserted investment-related provisions in the free trade agreements (FTAs) and bilateral investment treaties (BITs).The EU recognized the legally binding force of the existing BIAs executed by individual Member States. At the same time, the EU adopted regulations on 1) reviewing the EU-law consistency of those BIAs in order to assimilate them into the future BIAs by the EU; and 2) allocation of financial responsibility and the role distribution in the future ISDS against the EU and the Member States, in order to harmonize the existing BIAs with the changed reality through the Lisbon Treaty.In addition, ISDS-related provisions under CETA (wth Canada) and the EU-Singapore FTA (EUSFTA) provided for narrower scope of disputes raised to the ISDS and enhanced transparency by opening up bulk of procedural steps, which set a precedent for the future FTAs or BITs of the EU with other third countries.However, in case of the TTIP with the United States, majority of the civil society and major Member States of the EU raised objection to the introduction of the ISDS. As a result, the EU and the US had to suspend the negotiation and opened an online consultation in 2014 to receive views from various stakeholders. According to the result of the online consultation which was open on January 13, 2015, there was a wide gap of opinion, which led the EU to promise for improvement in 1) protection of right to regulate; 2) provisions on establishment and function of an arbitral tribunal; 3) relationship between domestic courts and the ISDS; and 4) Reviewing the ISDS decision through appeals system.At the same time, Considering that Ms. Cecilia Malmstrom, the new Commissioner of the Trade also acknowledged the ISDS in the TTIP, it will be reasonable to anticipate that the DG Trade of the European Commission will come up with tailor-made tactics and strategies depending on the counterparts.From the Korean viewpoint, it may be good to propose amendment of the Korea  EU FTA to include a chapter on investment for uniform application of the norms on investment protection throughout the EU Member States. In case of the ISDS provisions, it will be good to negotiate a provision similar to the CETA considering the concerns on regulatory autonomy.

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°æ°èÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ °¡¼ÓÈ­µÇ´Â Áö±¸È­ÀÇ È帧À» ¸Â¾Æ ¶ß°Å¿î ÀïÁ¡À¸·Î ¶°¿À ¸£¸é¼­ öÇÐÀû ¼ºÂûÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÛÀº °æ°è¸¦ Áö±¸È­¿Í ±¹¹Î±¹°¡ °£ÀÇ ¿ªµ¿Àû ¿îµ¿ ¿ø¸®·Î ÆľÇÇϸ鼭, ±× »óÈ£ ±ÔÁ¤¿ø¸®¸¦ ¨ç ±Ù´ë¹ß»ý±â¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ±¹¹Î±¹°¡ÀÇ ¸é¸ð¿Í Áö±¸È­ÀÇ ¾ç»ó, ¨è ³ÃÀü½Ã´ëÀÇ ±× ÀçÆí±¸µµ, ¨é ³ÃÀü ÀÌÈÄ ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô ´ëµÎµÈ Å»½Ä¹ÎÁÖÀǶó´Â ¿ª»çÀû °æÇè¿¡ ºñÃß¾î °íÂûÇÑ´Ù. °æ°è´Â ¿µÅäÀû °æ°è(=±¹°æ)¿¡ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê°í, ¿ÜºÎÀû È®Àå°ú ³»ºÎÀû ±¸½ÉÁ¡À» È®º¸ÇÏ´Â °­µµÀÇ ¿îµ¿ ¿ø¸®¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î Á¤Ä¡Àû $»çȸÀû $¹®È­Àû Â÷¿øÀ¸·Î ÀüÀ̵ǰí ÁßÃþÈ­µÇ´Â °æÇâÀ» ³»Æ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀÇ ±¸Á¶È­´Â ¹èÁ¦¿Í Æ÷¼·, Â÷º°È­¿Í Æ÷¼·À̶ó´Â ±âÁ¦¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³»¸é¼­ Áö±¸ÃÌÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ±¸¼º¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹èŸÀûÀÎ °æ°è¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¿À´Ã³¯ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ» µå·¯³»´Â °æ°èÀεé(ÀÌÁֳ뵿ÀÚ, ÀÌ»êÀÚ, ¸Á¸íÀÎ, ÁÖº¯ºÎ·Î ³»¸ô¸° ¼Ò¼öÀÚ)ÀÌ ±Ù´ë ±¹¹Î±¹°¡°¡ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ °øµ¿Ã¼ Æз¯´ÙÀÓ¿¡ ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÎÁ·ÀÌ Áý´ÜÀû Á¤Ã¼¼º°ú ¼Ò¼ÓÀ» »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °­·ÂÇÏ°íµµ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ÄÚµå·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇØ ¿Ô´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­, ÀÌÁ¦´Â Ç÷ÅëÀ̳ª Ãâ»ý°ú °°Àº ÀÚ¿¬¹ß»ýÀû ¿ä¼Ò ¶Ç´Â º»ÁúÁÖÀÇÀû ±âÁØÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, °æ°èÀεé°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ª»ç ¼Ó¿¡ ³»µ¿´óÀÌÃÄÁø ¹ú°Å¹þÀº ½ÇÁ¸À» Æ÷°ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î °øµ¿Ã¼ °³³äÀÌ Àý½ÇÇÏ°Ô ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.

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The founding of Korean ancient kingdoms was legitimated by Shamanism and hierophany of Shaman-King. The process of state formation after the establishment of ancient kingdoms during which time the ruling systems were institutionalized was, in fact, the process of the centralization of the regal power by means of wars. However, in this process, all three ancient kingdoms witnessed the change of royal authority. At this point, the newly enthroned collateral kingship needed a fresh and new ideology which would justify and strengthen their royal power. And Buddhism satisfied their wishes and expectations. Then, where did Shamanism find its position since the authorization of Buddhism by the states? Most of existing studies draw a conclusion that the political role of Shamanism fell into a decline since the official recognition of Buddhism. This article, however, demonstrated that Shamanism revived again and again whenever it encountred critical moments during the political changes in ancient societies sometimes in the face of Shamanism itself or sometimes with the belended face with Buddhism.

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¡®National core technology¡¯ is industrial technology that has very high technological and economic value in the international and domestic markets, or there is a high risk to national security and national economic development if the technology is leaked to another country. This study uses the Delphi method to examine important factors in protecting national core technology. This Delphi method analysis sampled professors and researchers who possess professional knowledge in national core technologies and industrial technologies, security practitioners of institutions that possess national core technologies and police officers who have experience in investigation of national core technology leaks. Size of this sample was 45.Analysis results indicate that important factors needed for protection of national core technologies are 1) allocating budget for protection of national core technologies, 2) performance management for employees who participated in development of national core technologies, 3) practitioners being ware of laws regarding technology leaks, 4) awareness and support of organizational members for security regulations, 5) specific personnel security management of organizational members, and 6) establishment of security regulations for protection of national core technologies.

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The premodern state was called polis, regnum, imperium and respublica. This article aims at clearing up how the modern concept of ¡®state¡¯ came to dominate the semantic field and what this semantic change means in the historical context.The concept of modern state originates from the Latin word status. Prior to the 14th century, the Latin word status was used as a synonym to estat, stato in various and complicated ways. The word status generally meant ¡®the standing of the rulers themselves¡¯ and ¡®the condition of the realm or commonwealth¡¯. The pioneer of the modern concept of state was Machiavelli. He played a pioneering role in considering state as an artificial creature founded by governmental action of a monarch. He recognized the state itself as an autonomous subject, but he lacked a modern viewpoint to see the state as a political body which gives ¡®social value¡¯. The former refers to sovereignty, whereas the latter refers to the problem of how to place the state in relation to civil societyFirstly, Locke, who subordinated the authority of state to one of communies which ascribed it to state, stressed the superiority of civil community founded by the liberal contract between the citizens and state.In contrast, Hobbes thought that state was not established by a liberal contract of the members of the community, but through a willing agreement forced by extreme fear and anxiety. He asserted that the struggle of everybody against everybody could be eradicated only by the generation of Leviathan as a mortal god. The Leviathan of Hobbes gave birth to the modern concept of state as an apparatus of public power, which bears the highest authority superior to both the ruler and the ruled within agiventerritory. (KyonggiUniversity/nowtime21@freechal.com)

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This study examines the limitations of instrumental familism, a mechanistic framing of women (mothers) as the main actors striving for enhancement of class reproduction and social mobility; this framing is based on inequal gender roles. In the context of Korean families¡¯ transnational migrations for education, I suggest various components and meanings of transnationa¡°l Home.¡±These meanings are revealed by analysis of women¡¯s legal status which is negotiated and navigated in their everyday lives, social experiences, and emotions formed actively in the transnational social fields. This paper is based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork (2006-8) at four small-medium cities in the state of New York. Transnational women¡¯s Home is constructed symbolically through various processes, such as the continuity and discontinuity of the context of Korean familism, the reconciliation of child-mother relationships based on self-reflection, and by the awakening and realization of women¡¯s (selfhood) subjectivity.

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Initiated in 2012, the Governmental Financial Aids Program has designed to entail colleges¡¯ endeavors to lower tuition and securing financial resources for scholarship. Through this, private colleges have faced with financial pressure.This study tried to examine sustainability on colleges' additional endeavors through the Governmental Financial Aids Program in financial realities of private colleges and to explore what influences such endeavors have on the qualities of college education.Research findings revealed that the financial size of private colleges was substantially decreased, operate profit was overall deteriorated, and personnel expenses per total tuition fees was increased since the Governmental Financial Aids Program has launched.Another research findings on the relationship between private colleges and the Governmental Financial Aids Program through OLS revealed that as larger of college total size of finance was as lower financial aids per total size of finance, as smaller of college total size of finance and higher of tuition fee per total size of finance was as higher financial aids per total size of finance, as lower portion of appropriation and gift was as higher of the size of financial aids per college total size of finance, as lower of tuition fee was as higher of dependent ratio on financial aids.According to the research results, policy implication is as follows. First, we need to reconsider current restriction on tuition increase. Second, colleges¡¯ endeavors to lower tuition and securing financial resources for scholarship should be substituted by some other various plans in short term, and we need to examine the plan to run ¥± type of scholarship with colleges' autonomy in long term. Last, there is no special way except financial support increase for college by government in order to restrict tuition increase.

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This paper examines the crucial roles of Korean government in spreading transnational marriage migrants. By literature reviews on international migration theories and empirical cases about immigration policies, the author explores how do the state lead policies on immigration play in formation and development of multicultural socities in Korea. This study aims at illuminating the 'statehood' that deeply embedded in the discourses of transnationalism and multiculturalism in Korean society and draws some policy implications for Korea in realizing genuine multicultural societies. Contrary to the theories of classical economics or social capital on international migrations that insist on the migrant's rational choice or social networks, in Kora, the influence of government policy is stronger than other actors. It is noticed that Korean government has initiatively led and managed her societies throughout the whole process of transforming into multicultural society. It suggests that the state based perspectives are still useful to predict the shape and future of Korea's multicultralism. In most cases, the government shows discriminatory inclusion & exclusion policies for social integration that marriage wives who expected to assimilate and become to 'Korean' are welcomed, while others like labor migrants are strictly regulated. Under the traditional patriarchy state system, the state manage multicultural society by various paternalistic and discriminatory devices. In this context, for transforming into genuine multicultural societies, Korea should shows authentic efforts to enhance bilateral social integration. It is more important to empower the immigrants policy initiatives and build multi-level governance among and between the central-local agencies and those who engaged multiculture projects including immigrant communities.

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This study aims at comparing and analyzing influences of Manjupa and Yeonanpa affecting the initial construction of Country in North Korea. The most of previous studies have similarity to trace characteristics of North Korea as nation and forming power structure deductively, defining Kim Il-sung's North Korea, That is, they have a limitation not overcoming that 'Kim Il-sing' is 'North Korea' Like this, in the trends of studies, there are plentiful of different opinions about setting themes, perception structures, and approaching methods according to differences of ideologies between the conservative and the radical and differences in diverse research results. However, epistemologically, it is based on one common frame of 'USSR=Kim Il-sung=North Korea.' The study compared and analyzed critically the previous literatures based on their necessary parts in order to deduce the bases that the legacy of historical and actual experiences of armed struggles between both parties defined the ideological characteristics of the initial construction of Country in North Korea. The study result was that influence of Yeonanpa on building nation of North Korea was reviewed. Yeonanpa's activities had intervened considerably developmentally the initial construction of Country in North Korea. Even though their policies aiming at he construction of National United Country through participation in the initial united government of North Korea fell down due to the Jongpa event in the late 1950's and ha to be modified, Yeonanpa provided the theoretical frames to North Korea's national policies and ideologies for crowd lines, land revolution, and changes of national ideology from class struggle to national struggle with qualitative influences.

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As National Scholarship Type ¥± newly initiated in 2012 determines whether a student can receive the benefit and how much a student can get the grant based on the degree of a college's self-efforts, the active efforts of colleges are very crucial. The self-efforts of colleges comprise colleges' endeavors to lower tuition and securing financial resources for scholarship. It has happened that students can't receive National Scholarship Type ¥± only because colleges which students are attending didn't make self-efforts. Some colleges on the other hand make self-efforts exceeding the amount of national scholarship assigned by government. Therefore this study collected the data from Korea Student Aid Foundation and Higher Education in Korea and analyzed 1) whether the degree of self-efforts of colleges has changed after the application of the policy, 2) whether there exists statistically significant difference in the degree of self-efforts according to colleges' characteristics, 3) What factors are affecting on the degree of colleges' self-efforts? Research findings are as follows; First, the degree of self-efforts of colleges has decreased since 2012. Second, the degree of self-efforts of private colleges or metropolitan area located colleges is higher than the degree of public or local area located colleges. Third, as the results of analyzing the factors that determine the degree of efforts, the degree of self-efforts are higher as for the colleges are characterized as higher college scholarship per a student, higher composition rate of tenure tracked faculty members, the supplement rate .of freshmen, and lower drop-out rate. Based on the results policy implications and further countermeasures are suggested as below; First, the various kinds of colleges' self-efforts, autonomy of operation and distribution of National Scholarship Type ¥± in the colleges, and the ongoing monitoring of the system's actual conditions and impacts on colleges are taken into account.

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In the contemporary society, there are dangerous factors increasing which threaten citizen's life and property. The local government need to responsible for citizen's safety. Because of crime is the fear factors therefore local community and the government need to improve and support policies for citizens.If the government can not solve the crime problem, the quality of citizen's life can not improve. The safety from the crime is important as much as existence of need. Therefore, in order to make the safety of community, the government needs to make the best effort.Especially, the national security is important for the life of the citizen. Therefore, the government protect the national critical facility. The type of terrorism is the safety of facility and aircraft terrorism, ship kidnap terror and the national facility terror. The purpose of this study is to develop policy applying evaluation index.

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The patriots and veterans affairs strives to encourage a society where citizens will honor and respect those who have made sacrifices and contributions to our nation. Men and women who made great contributions are recognized through the award of decorations and certificates.The patriots and veterans affairs designates significant buildings, structures and other memorial facilities to honor, remember, and celebrate the noble contributions patriots and veterans have made to nation. The patriots and veterans affairs designates certain holidays and organizes various events to commemorate the noble sacrifices and contributions made for nation and to preserve their legacy throughout the following generations. Such days and events are opportunities for patriots, veterans, and their bereaved families to feel proud and appreciated,and for the citizens to renew their sense of patriotism.This paper is based on comparison of promote the spirit of patriotism and contribute to national development policies of leading nations, United States, Canada, Australia and France.The important implications of promote the spirit of patriotism and contribute to national development policies of leading nations are utilize memorial facilities to teach and promote patriotism and create a mature society that respect sand provides for patriots and veterans.

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This study aims to analyze the investment effects of college student aid program. In order to achieve the purpose, I gathered 108,754 graduate data from 6-Year GOMS(Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey) - 2007GOMS to 2012GOMS, and analyzed four kinds of investment effect that include expansion of college selection opportunity, reduction on leave of absence, improvement of academic achievement, and improvement of employment. Considering that low-income scholarship program has been expanded rapidly since 2009, I applied the method of comparison between the two groups - the graduates group before 2009 and the graduates group after 2009 - to analyze the effect of college scholarship policy.The results of study are as follows: first, there was no selection effect of university rather than specific college because low-income students selected much more specific college than university after 2009. However, there was province moving effect because more low-income students entered the universities of different provinces from their graduating high schools after 2009. Second, the reduction effect on leave of absence was positively significant only to specific college students after 2009. In case of low-income university students, the period of absence was increased after 2009. Third, the improvement effect of academic achievement was also positively significant only to specific college students after introducing the low-income scholarship program. Finally, unemployment ratio of low-income students was significantly decreased, but status of employment was unstable after 2009.

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It is true that Korea has never officially classified which public institution should deal with which emergency, via a national framework. This article aims at encouraging Korea to adopt newly proposed 'the National Response Framework (NRF)' for the ultimate purpose of contributing to the goal of emergency management such as reducing human loss, economic damages, and psychological impacts. To do so, the article has carefully and systematically examined the related implications as well as the existing problems after sequently comparing three major subjects to include the U.S. NRF, Japan's Disaster Management Plan, and Korea's Basic Plan on National Safety Management. The article has proposed how to improve Korea's Basic Plan on National Safety Management as a key finding, while elaborating on the general improvement direction, governments and their policy, NGOs and their strategy, the establishment of coordination network, and the revision of related laws. In short, this paper has emphasized that Korea should make efforts to radically transform its Basic Plan on National Safety Management into advanced NRF.

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±¸¹Ì ¼±ÁøÁ¦±¹¿¡¼­ ±Øº¹µÇ¾î °¡°í ÀÖ´Â ±¹°¡¹è»óÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓ¿øÄ¢À¸·Î½á °ú½ÇÃ¥ÀÓÁÖÀÇ ÀÇ ºÎÀûÇÕ¼ºÀ» ³í¼úÇÔ. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ µ¶ÀϹýÀÇ ¿µÇâÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çѱ¹±¹°¡ ¹è»óÁ¦µµÀÇ ¹«°ú½Ç Ã¥ÀÓÁÖÀÇ·ÎÀÇ ÀüȯÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© µ¶ÀÏ ¹«°ú½Ç Ã¥ÀÓÁ¦µµÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ¹ßÀü °úÁ¤, Àû¿ë¹üÀ§, ¹®Á¦ÇØ°áÀÇ Àå´ÜÁ¡À» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í Çѱ¹¿¡ À־ À¯»çÁ¦µµÀÇ µµÀÔ°¡´É¼ºÀ» °ËÅäÇÔ. µÚÀÌ ¾î µ¶ÀÏ¿¡ À־ 12Ò´Êà¿¡ °ÉÄ£ ½Å±¹°¡¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ ÀÔ¹ý°úÁ¤°ú Çѱ¹¿¡ À־ ¹«°ú½Ç Ã¥ ÀÓÁ¦µµÀÇ Ø¡ÛöÖåîÜ ú°Ì½Û°äÐÀ» ð«ãÆÇÔ. ìéíñ (1. Kapitel): Çѱ¹ ±¹°¡¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ Á¦Á¤ ¹× º¯°æ,ÛöîÜ àõÌ« ¹× ±¸Á¶, ±¸¼º¿ä°Ç, ¹è»ó¾× Ã¥Á¤µéÀ» ³í¼úÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¾Æ¿ï·¯ Çѱ¹ ±¹°¡ ¹è»ó¹ýÀÌ ¾È°í ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀ» ºÐ¼®ºñÆÇÇÏ°í ÇöÇà¹ýÀÌ ¹ýÄ¡±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ ´Â ÇàÁ¤±¸Á¦Á¦µµÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» Å©°Ô ¸ø¹ÌÄ¡¸ç À§ÇåÀû ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ ´ÙºÐÈ÷ ³»Æ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ³í¼ú ÇÔ. ì£íñ (2. kapitel):1. µ¶ÀÏ ±¹°¡¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ Çü¼º°úÁ¤, À̳äÀû ¹è°æ, ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀ» Öåâû 2. ÇöÇà ±¹°¡ ¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ °áÁ¡À» º¸¿ÏÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÆǷʹýÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ ±¹°¡ ¹«°ú½Ç Ã¥ÀÓ Á¦µµ(¼ö¿ë À¯»çÀû ħÇØ, ¼ö¿ëÀû ħÇØ, Èñ»ýº¸»ó û±¸±Ç, °á°úÁ¦°Å û±¸±Ç)ÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ¹ßÀü°úÁ¤, Àû¿ë¹üÀ§, ¹®Á¦ÇØ°áÀÇ ÇѰ輺À» ³í¼úÇÔ 3. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ºÐ»êµÇ°í »óÃæµÇ ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¹è»óÁ¦µµÀÇ ÀÏ¿øÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ 12³â°£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ½Å±¹°¡Ã¥ÀÓ¹ýÀÇ ÀÔ¹ý°úÁ¤°ú ±× ½ÇÆи¦ ´Ù·ë 4. ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ÆÇ·ÊÀÇ °æÇâ°ú ÀåÂ÷ÀÇ Àü¸Á (a. ¿¬¹æ Çå¹ýÀçÆǼÒÀÇ Na¥âanskiesungs beschlub ÀÇ ¼ö¿ëÀ¯»çÀû, ¼ö¿ëÀû ħÇØÁ¦µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹ÌÄ£ ¿µÇâ b. °á°ú Á¦°Å û±¸±ÇÀÇ ¼ÕÇعè»ó û±¸±ÇÀ¸·Î½áÀÇ Àüȯ)À» ÖåÇÔ. ß²íñ (3. kapitel):Çѱ¹ ÀÇ ¼Õ½Çº¸»ó, ¼ÕÇعè»óÁ¦µµÀÇ µ¶ÀϹý À¯»ç¼ºÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÇÏ¿© ÇаèÀϺο¡¼­ ÁÖâµÇ°í ÀÖ ´Â µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ¹«°ú½ÇÃ¥ÀÓÁ¦µµÀÇ ÆǷʹýÀû µµÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÛöÛ°ÛöÖåîÜ ÛöïÙóþîÜ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ºÒ°¡ÇÔÀ» ³íÁõÇÏ°í Çѱ¹ ±¹°¡¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ °³¼±À» À§ÇÏ¿©¼­´Â ÀÔ¹ýÁ¤Ã¥Àû ÇØ°áÀÌ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÔ À» ³í¼ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ ±¹°¡¹è»ó¹ý ¹× µ¶ÀÏÀÇ ½Å±¹°¡ ¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ ÀÔ¹ý°úÁ¤À» ÂüÀÛÇÏ¿© Çѱ¹¿¡ À־ ±¹°¡ ¹è»ó¹ýÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ModelÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÔ.

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Suncheon Bay National Garden is located in Suncheon, Jeollanam-do. It was designated as the No. 1 national garden of the Republic of Korea on September 5, 2015. Despite its location in a small city and its implementation of a somewhat distant idea of the ecology, a nationally approved ecological garden was born. This designation is one of the follow-up actions from the successful operation of the 2013 Suncheon Bay Garden Expo. However, strangely, humanities scholars haven¡¯t paid attention to this garden until recently. Therefore, this study examines the humane characteristics of the Suncheon Bay Garden focusing on its space.First, Suncheon Bay National Garden can be categorized into a type of theme park. This means Suncheon Bay National Garden deploys spatial and cultural characteristics which enable people to enjoy the contents.However, Suncheon Bay National Garden has a completely different feel and concept from other theme parks. In other words, the basic idea of ecology combines with the ideas of international culture, citizens and nations to create a main stream garden space that has been impossible until now.Suncheon Bay National Garden continues the context of classic spaces that implement various idealistic spaces and timely values successful throughout the history of the Korean Peninsula. Suncheon Bay National Garden is successful as it transforms the classical spaces of the Korean Peninsula into modern formations making its spaces seem both vintage and new. Suncheon Bay National Garden bears classical spaces in various forms such as the Buddhist temple, the gazebo, the royal palace and feng shui.This study is the first attempt to view Suncheon Bay National Garden in the perspective and methods of the humanities and to define its characteristics. Humane studies should be performed in various fields focused on public use, urban planning, ideology and non-daily life style.

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This research aims to explore the civic value consciousness of the current Korean people related to the consciousness of national community, in particular, by investigating major elements like Korean nationality, national pride, and unification in the Korean Peninsula.This study did find out some significant results: First, to be qualified as Korean means to obtain Korean nationality. Second, it is reported that the levels of national pride have been slightly above the middle. Third, there has been a rather negative view on a relation between South and North Korea and the present government's policy to North Korea. To be unified, the most important thing is the maturity of conditions to make unification between both Koreas.

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The purpose of this article is to figure out how the introduction of National Scholarship relates the demand of Student Loans. Both the national scholarship policy and the student loan scheme can be regarded as interventions coined in order to reduce the cost burden on higher education. However, it is not clear how the change of national scholarship policy has brought a substantial change in the student loan system. The research questions are follows; first, are there time sequential changes in scholarship and student loan between before and after introduction of National Scholarship? second, are the proportion of using national scholarship and students loan changing according to college characteristics? third, is there statistically significant relationship between the increase of national scholarship and the change of utilization of students loan? the last, does national scholarship influence on the demand of students loan? For the analysis, 2011 through 2013 data of universities on national scholarship, students loan, and financial situation are used. The results are follows; first, since introduction of the national scholarship system, the amount of scholarship per a student has increased and the rate of using Income Contingent Loan also went up. Second, in spite of the increase of supporting students from private schools and under income 7th quintile, they still requires students loan consistently. Third, since the introduction of the national scholarship system, the negative relationship between national scholarship and demand of students loan. The last, national scholarship influence positively on the demand of students loan. Based on there results, it is empirically figured out that national scholarship policy has influenced the change in demand of student loan. and It has implications of research in terms of suggesting the fundamental evidence to support proposing overall structure of further government funded students aid policies.

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