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Prevalence Rate and Risk Factors of Dementia compared between Urban and Rural Communities of the Metropolitan Kwangju Area

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In 2010 there are 759 public libraries in Korea, and they have been increased constantly for the recent four to five years. In order to make them as cultural spaces in local communities, Korean government is now planning to increase the number of public libraries up to 900 and to build small to medium-sized multiple purpose libraries rather than large and single purpose ones. Especially in the case of public libraries in metropolitan cities, which are main libraries in those areas, they should be designed to play major functions of cultural experience, exhibition, and life-long education as well as to meet the basic needs of providing books for public reading and of building and developing branch libraries based on local characteristics. Above all, in order to make a public library as a center of local culture, a space planning focused on increasing utilization and satisfaction of the residents is required. It is essential to conduct a survey to understand the needs of the residential users and reflect their opinions. In this regard, our research process was constructed as follows. First, precedent studies on a certain densely populated area were reviewed. Second, a survey was conducted in Ulsan city to figure out the needs and the satisfaction level of the actual users. The purpose of this study is to propose a better space planning approach for public libraries in metropolitan cities based on the analysis.

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Based on the recent theoretical discussion in the field of employment and labor, we analyze and evaluate the employment and labor policies of Daegu Metropolitan City. From an individual worker's point of view, the field of employment and labor policy is divided into three categories: jobs, labor protection, and employment and labor governance. The key issues were identified using survey data on local employment and labor policy officers and expert groups.Daegu Metropolitan City's employment and labor policies can be summarized as industrial policy-oriented employment policies and exclusion of labor policies. In order to narrow the gap between issues in the local community and the policy implemented by Daegu Metropolitan City, regional employment policies should be set as an independent area separated from industrial policies.It can be said that a policy shift is required. The policy tasks should include a new governance for discovering the local employment and labor agenda. An intermediate support organization should be established to supplement the policy delivery system in the employment and labor field,

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º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó µµ½Ã ºê·£µå ½½·Î°ÇÀÇ »ç¿ë°ú ½½·Î°Ç¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ Ư¼º°ú Æò°¡¸¦ »ìÆì µµ½Ã ºê·£µùÀÇ Àü·«Àû ÀڷḦ Á¦°øÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±¤¿ª½Ã 16, ±âÃʽà 77, ÃÑ 93°÷ÀÇ ½½·Î°ÇÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ °á°ú ½½·Î°Ç¿¡ ºê·£µå°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾú°í, ¿µ¹®ÀÌ ¸¹¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ´Ü¾îÇü½ÄÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, ¿îÀ²°ú ºñÀ¯ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÀÛ¾Ò´Ù. Àü´ÞÀǹ̴ ´Ü¼øºñ±³¿´À¸¸ç ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ¹èŸÀû(±¤¿ª½Ã) À̹ÌÁöÁ¦°í(±âÃʽÃ), Á¤º¸Á¦°øÀº »ê¾÷(±¤¿ª½Ã)°ú ¹®È­(±âÃʽÃ), Áö¿ª°ü·Ã¼ºÀº ¾ÆÀ̵§Æ¼Æ¼°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ½½·Î°ÇÀº ÁÖ·Î »þ¿öÇü(±¤¿ª½Ã)°ú ¿ì»êÇü(±âÃʽÃ)À̾úÀ¸¸ç, ºê·£µå °³¼ºÀº ¼¼·ÃÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ½½·Î°Ç Àü·«Àº À̹ÌÁö°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Âµ¥, ºóµµ°¡ ³ôÀº Å°¿öµå´Â Çູ(5ȸ), Dream, ½Ã¹Î(3ȸ), ¹Ù´Ù, Happy, Yes, You, º¯È­(2ȸ)·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ½½·Î°ÇÀ» ÅëÇÑ µµ½Ã ºê·£µåÀÇ Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀº ºê·£µå Á¢ÃËÁ¡°ü¸® Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ºê·£µù Àü·«Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ½½·Î°ÇÀ» Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ôµµ°¡ °³¹ßµÇ¾î ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ ½½·Î°Ç °³¹ß¿¡ È°¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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In 2010 there are 759 public libraries in Korea, and they have been increased constantly for the recent four to five years. In order to make them as cultural spaces in local communities, Korean government is now planning to increase the number of public libraries up to 900 and to build small to medium-sized multiple purpose libraries rather than large and single purpose ones. Especially in the case of public libraries in metropolitan cities, which are main libraries in those areas, they should be designed to play major functions of cultural experience, exhibition, and life-long education as well as to meet the basic needs of providing books for public reading and of building and developing branch libraries based on local characteristics. Above all, in order to make a public library as a center of local culture, a space planning focused on increasing utilization and satisfaction of the residents is required. It is essential to conduct a survey to understand the needs of the residential users and reflect their opinions. In this regard, our research process was constructed as follows. First, precedent studies on a certain densely populated area were reviewed. Second, a survey was conducted in Ulsan city to figure out the needs and the satisfaction level of the actual users. The purpose of this study is to propose a better space planning approach for public libraries in metropolitan cities based on the analysis.

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The purpose of this study is to become adequate urban planning system applied to rural counties(GUN) in metropolitan city(GWANG YEOK SI) to local autonomy and efficient area-wide planning. These counties have no rights to make their own urban plans although they are a self-governing body as well as rural counties attached to province(DO). Mayor of metropolitan city establishs and implements urban master plan which covers these counties, instead of mayor of rural county. To cope with these problems, it is suggested that the central government allows mayor of rural county to make urban master plan as well as mayor of metropolitan city in specific cases; the contents of urban master plan for rural counties become to be more realistic and practical; metropolitan city plan should be reinforced by the strengthening of area-wide measures connecting various subregion(GUN, GU) plan. Ultimately, urban planning system for rural counties attached to metropolitan city has to be operated autonomously, endowed substantial planning tools and cope more efficiently with area-wide urban problems.

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& & This study estimated the wage differentials of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces based on the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service. The OLS regression analysis confirmed that wage premium in Seoul and its surrounding areas existed. In particular, the average monthly wage in Ulsan area was higher than that of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon, when the human capital that affected wages was not controlled. However, when the human capital was controlled, the wage level of Ulsan in terms of net wage differentials was lower than those of Gyeonggi, Incheon and Seoul. When decomposing wage differentials by using Oaxaca decomposition, the wage differential between the labor market in Seoul metropolitan area and non-Seoul metropolitan area was estimated to be 8.15%. The biggest factors that affected wage differentials were education and career variables. The wage discrimination by gender was more serious in non-Seoul metropolitan area than in Seoul metropolitan area.

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The Philippine government enacted the National Water Crisis Act in 1995, as a response to the burgeoning situation of water supply systems in the country. This act led to the privatization of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), sector having jurisdiction and control over all waterworks and sewerage systems in a service area including Metro Manila. Nowadays, the region's supply of water is still facing a lot of difficulties, both in quality and quantity. The unabated migration of people to the metro which increases its population, tapping from the aged pipelines, lack of water facilities and infrastructure, excessive groundwater withdrawal, environmental degradation, and surface and groundwater pollution are some of the issues that Metro Manila have to deal with. These situations lead to two primary water supply issues suffered by Metro Manila: water shortage and flooding. The purpose of this paper was to present water supply in Metro Manila with respect to the problems in its distribution, environmental implications and quality. In this paper, several technical reports, published literature, and news articles were consulted and became the major basis for identifying gaps and suggesting remedial measures.

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The Japanese economy has been unstable since 1990. Economic instability and changes in working conditions have made the acquisition of housing and the improvement in housing standards difficult. Unstable working and habitation conditions have also spread, and the Nagoya Metropolitan Area is recognized as a traction community in the Japanese economy. This study employed existing statistics and helpline consultations in 2013 to clarify the state of housing poverty in the Nagoya Metropolitan Area. Moreover, it clarified the conditions for improvement in the housing standards for the low-income households, a regional gap, and reasons for the deteriorating housing levels of low-income households by investigating the 'Housing and Land Survey.' Furthermore, it clarified housing difficulties that do not appear in existing statistics by investigating the examples of 'toll-free call consultations' in 2013.

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