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Á¦5Àå¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ ³í¹®ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» Á¾ÇÕ¡¤Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ëµ¿°¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ °üÇÑ Æ¯º°Á¦µµ°¡ ¾ø´Â ÇöÇà¹ýÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¹ý¿ø¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ³ëµ¿°¡Ã³ºÐÀº Çö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿ºÐÀï ÇØ°á¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ°í Àִ¹Ù, »ç°ÇÀ» ´ã´çÇÑ ¹ý°üÀº ³ëµ¿¹ýÀÇ À̳ä°ú ¹ß»ý°úÁ¤, ¿ì¸® Çå¹ýÀÇ ÃëÁö¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© ÆÇ´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç·áµÈ´Ù. ³ëµ¿°¡Ã³ºÐ Á¦µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÔ¹ý·ÐÀû °³¼±µµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. °£Á¢°­Á¦ÀÇ ³²¿ë °¡´É¼ºÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© °£Á¢°­Á¦ °áÁ¤¿¡ °üÇÑ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀÇ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í, ³ëµ¿°¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ °üÇÑ ½É¸®±âÁØ, ½É¸®ÁøÇà ¹æÇâ, ±âÀÏÁøÇà¹æ¹ý, ÆǴܱⰣ, ÆǴܱâÁØ, °¡Ã³ºÐ½Åû ³²¿ë ½Ã Á¦Àç¹æ¾È µîÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿°¡Ã³ºÐ Ư·ÊÁ¶Ç×À» ³ëµ¿°ü°è¹ý¿¡ ½Å¼³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹ý¿øÀÇ Å¸´çÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀ» ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î À̲ø¾î³»·Á´Â ½Ãµµ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿¼Ò¼ÛÀÇ ¼Ò¼Û¹°, ³ëµ¿»ç°Ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÆǴܱâ°ü, °üÇÒ(ÀçÆDZÇ, ÁذŹý, ÅäÁö°üÇÒ, »ç¹°°üÇÒ), ¼Ò¼Û´É·Â, ´ç»çÀÚ´É·Â, ´ç»çÀÚÀû°Ý, ÀÔÁõÃ¥ÀÓÀÇ ºÐ¹è, È­ÇØ¡¤Á¶Á¤ À¯µµ ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ¼Ò¼Ûºñ¿ë ¹× º¯È£»ç´ë¸®¿øÄ¢ÀÇ ¿¹¿Ü ¼³Á¤ ¿©ºÎ µî¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ãÀº ³ëµ¿¼Ò¼ÛÀýÂ÷¹ýÀÎ ¡¸³ëµ¿Àï¼Û¹ý¡¹ÀÌ º°µµ·Î Á¦Á¤µÇ¾î ³ëµ¿»ç°ÇÀÇ ÇØ°á¿¡ ÀûÁ¤À» ±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ¹Û¿¡µµ ³ëµ¿°¡Ã³ºÐ ¼Ò¼ÛÀÇ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ ¿î¿µÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ³ëµ¿Àü¹® »ç¹ý±â°üÀÇ ½Å¼³, »ç½Ç½É Ãæ½ÇÈ­¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÆÇ»ç Áõ¿ø, ¹ý·ü±¸Á¶´ë»óÀÚ È®´ë, Á¶ÇÕ¿ø ¿¬´ë¹è»óÃ¥ÀÓÀÇ Á¦ÇÑ¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¦µµ°³¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

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Civil Procedure Law of Korea distinguishes full level of proof from ¡®prima facie showing¡¯ with respect to burden of persuasion in civil cases. In addition, Civil Execution Law of Korea prescribes that ¡®prima facie showing¡¯ is enough to establish a preliminary attachment case, and that provisions for preliminary attachment should be applied mutatis mutandis to cases of preliminary injunction. Combining above rules, precedents and commentaries in Korea set the burden of persuasion in preliminary injunction cases as ¡®prima facie showing¡¯. The level of proof in practice of preliminary injunction is, however, quite different from the explanation above. Due to the importance of preliminary injunction that sets legal standings for plaintiffs and defendants, courts in practice require quite high level of persuasion for such preliminary injunction cases. This article first explores burden of proof for preliminary injunction cases in Germany, Japan, and the United States. This article then examines the meaning of ¡°mutatis mutandis application¡±. It concludes that the provision for preliminary attachment with the burden of proof does not apply to preliminary injunction cases, and that the level of proof for preliminary injunction cases should be full level of proof instead of prima facie showing.

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The general meeting of shareholders is a necessary standing body and the highest decision-making body of a corporation. The authority of the general meeting of shareholders shall be determined by laws and articles of association, including the appointment and dismissal of directors and auditors, modification of articles of association, merger, and transfer of operations. Therefore, there are increasing cases in which management disputes or minority shareholders raise provisional disposition related to general shareholders¡¯ meetings for the purpose of preventing mergers or transfer of operations.Provisional dispositions related to shareholders¡¯ meetings are so-called ¡°satisfactory provisional dispositions¡± and often have the same effect as the original judgment, resulting in ¡°the substitution of provisional disposition for judgment¡± phenomenon in which disputes end without filing a lawsuit.The provisional disposition of the prohibition of holding a general meeting of shareholders and of a resolution of shareholders¡¯ meeting is a preliminary remedy that prohibits the holding of a general meeting of shareholders or the resolution itself, when a general meeting of shareholders is convened to carry a resolution for matters that violate statutes or articles of association. The right to the provisional dispositions generally overlaps between the right of litigation to dispute defects in the general shareholders¡¯ resolution and the right to maintain illegal activities against directors. Depending on the case, the right to exclude obstruction or the right of non-operation under the agreement may also be the right to the provisional dispositions.There are considerable difficulties in proceeding with the trial period as the provisional disposition of the general shareholders¡¯ meeting is urgently raised ahead of the general shareholders¡¯ meeting. Therefore, it is highly necessary to introduce temporary measures such as TRO under U.S. law to secure sufficient hearing opportunities before deciding on an injunction.In a case where a shareholders¡¯ meeting is held in violation of the provisional disposition of prohibition of holding a general shareholders¡¯ meeting, there is a conflict of opinion regarding the effectiveness of the resolution. It shall be deemed null and void according to the power of the provisional disposition, but if the opposite conclusion is confirmed in the main judgment, it shall be valid retroactively.The provisional disposition to suspend the validity of a resolution of a general shareholders¡¯ meeting is an injunction to suspend the effectiveness of the resolution where there is a defect in the resolution method, resolution details, convening procedure, etc. In recent years, there have been cases of ordering the provisional disposition of suspension of effectiveness of the resolution of the future general shareholders¡¯ meeting instead of ordering a resolution ban in consideration of the necessity of preservation where the provisional disposition of prohibition of a resolution of the general shareholders¡¯ meeting is raised.Minority shareholders have the right to propose proposals and agendas at the general shareholders¡¯ meeting, and if the board unfairly rejects the shareholders¡¯ proposals, minority shareholders may file a provisional disposition of presentation of agenda of general shareholders¡¯ meeting against the corporation.

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The purpose of this study is approving a provisional disposition system in the constitution adjudication that specially will deal with center the adjudication on the constitutional complaint. Constitutional Court law provides individual regulation about the provisional disposition in an adjudication on the dissolution of a political party and an adjudication on the competence dispute. It is clear legislative deficiency that provisional disposition system does not provide for an adjudication on the constitutional complaint that is substantially need of it. But it does not seem to be necessary of the general provisional disposition like Germany because the Germanic Federal Constitutional Court is position as the Supreme Court and provisional disposition decision takes effect like decide of the Germanic Federal Constitutional Court. On the other hand there is hard to take decision of the provisional disposition on the generally provisional disposition because Constitutional Court as fourth national organization have equal position with the Legislature, the Administration and the Judicature. And the constitutional complaint on the constitutionality of statutes does not exist in Germanic constitution adjudication system. Then, the period of the adjudication on the constitutional complaint is too long and is realized by voluntary regulation at the constitutional complaint which is relating the foundation rights. In addition, Constitutional Court law provides in distinction from provisional disposition system, in other words, a suspension of the proceedings of the court in an adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes and suspension of exercise of power in an adjudication on impeachment. There is not necessity of regulation about the provisional disposition system in the general procedure of adjudication. Therefore the provisional disposition system that decides temporary position provisionally to secure effectiveness of original justice decision should be recognized in an adjudication on the constitutional complaint.

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The debate on whether an injunction is allowed in the constitutional appeal has already been firmly established permissible in constitutional lawsuit practice. So the above discussion is no longer meaningful; it is important to clarify whether the injunction for suspension of effect, widely used in constitutional trials, is one of the injunction for determining the temporary status derived from the Civil Execution Act or the result of applying the suspension of execution stipulated in the Administrative Litigation Act as mutatis mutandis. Thus, in a constitutional appeal, an injunction is not generally accepted; it can be confirmed that the permissibility of the injunction is an issue that needs to be re-examined in consideration of the characteristics of the relevant laws and measures. As a result, in the constitutional procedure, it is difficult to allow an Active Implementation Injunction because it goes beyond the possible scope of the main decision on the merits. However, the question of whether the limitation of such an injunction can be solved through the legislative theory on the constitutional procedure remains to be a task in the future; the relationship between legislative theories on the introduction of a lawsuit for performance of obligation and injunction under the Administrative Litigation Act should be fully considered.

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& & °¡Ã³ºÐÁ¦µµ´Â º»¾È»ç°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±â Àü¿¡ º»¾È»ç°Ç°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ´ÙÅùÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ü°è¸¦ ÀáÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í ÀÓ½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, º»¾È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖÁ¾ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ ÀûÁö ¾ÊÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â Çå¹ýÀçÆÇ¿¡ À־µµ Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. Çå¹ýÀçÆǼҹýÀº ÀϹÝÀýÂ÷·Î¼­ÀÇ °¡Ã³ºÐÀýÂ÷¸¦ ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Çå¹ýÀçÆǼҴ ¹ý·ü¿¡ °¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÎÁö ¾ÊÀº Çå¹ý¼Ò¿ø»ç°Ç¿¡ À־µµ °¡Ã³ºÐ½ÅûÀ» ÀοëÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çå¹ýÀçÆǼҴ ƯÈ÷ ¹ý·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çå¹ý¼Ò¿ø»ç°Ç¿¡¼­ °¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ ÀοëÀ» ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Áö³­ 24³â°£ ¹ý·ÉÀÇ È¿·ÂÁ¤Áö°¡ óºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àοë»ç°Ç ¼ö´Â ´Ü 3°Ç¿¡ ±×Ä£´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ »ó´çÇÏ´Â ¿¹ºñÀû ±ÝÁö¸í·ÉÀº ÇüÆò¹ý»óÀÇ Á¦µµ·Î¼­ ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¹ý¸®¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Çå¹ý»ç°Ç¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ ¼Ò¼ÛÀü·«À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÀÎ¿ë »ç°Ç¼öµµ »ó´ç¼ö¿¡ À̸¥´Ù. Çå¹ý»ç°Ç, ƯÈ÷ ¹ý·É µî Á¤ºÎÀÇ Àû¹ýÇÑ °ø±Ç·ÂÀÇ Çà»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Ã³ºÐÀº Áß´ëÇÑ ºÒÀÌÀÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Áö µî °¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ ¿ä°ÇÀ» ½É»çÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÆǴܵǾî¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̳ª, ½Å¼Ó¼ºÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â µî °¡Ã³ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¡Ã³ºÐÁ¦µµ¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç»çÀÚÀÇ ±Ç¸®º¸È£¿Í º»¾È°áÁ¤ÀÇ ½ÇÈ¿¼º È®º¸¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.

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Provisional remedies in constitutional litigation are a decision that may be issued by the Constitutional Court prior to deliberating on the merits of a case in order to ensure the ability of the Court to render a meaningful decision on the merits and to preserve the legal status and rights of the concerned parties on a temporary basis, designed to secure and protect the interests of the parties.Provisional remedy has its constitutional basis in the principle of the rule of law, which requires that there be an efficient judicial remedy for violation of rights, while its statutory basis lies in the provisions on provisional remedies in civil proceedings(Article 300 and following articles of the Civil Execution Act) and those in administrative proceedings(Articles 23 and 24 of the Administrative Litigation Act) that apply mutatis mutandis in constitutional cases by way of Article 40 of the Constitutional Court Act, as well as in Articles 57 and 65 of the Constitutional Court Act.The Court should consider if there is an urgent need to prevent significant and irreparable harm to determine whether the balance of equities favors granting a provisional remedy. Such a determination is guided by the principle of Doppelhypothese, under which the Court weighs the hardships that would be incurred if a motion for the provisional remedy was denied but the case affirmed afterwards, against the outcomes to be followed if the provisional remedy was granted but the case rejected. Public interests that would be served or injured by the grant of a provisional remedy, private gains and losses of related parties and other circumstances should be considered. The rule which says that provisional remedies should not as such anticipate the judgment on the merits of the case is therefore only relatively valid.An opportunity should be allowed for a respondent to file an objection against the ruling granting a provisional remedy in view of enhancing the procedural participation of the concerned parties in constitutional proceedings.The contents of provisional remedies may vary with different adjudication procedures. The Court may issue a preliminary injunction, which would suspend the effect, execution or the continuation of procedure of a disposition against which a motion has been filed. Further, other measures may also be granted for creating a temporary status or suspending the effect of statutes.It is necessary to establish thicker legal regulations for provisional remedies in constitutional litigation so that the causes, procedures and contents of such remedies are to be clearly articulated.

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In Korea, the preservative measures, such as Provisional Seizure, Provisional Dispositions with Regard to the Objects of Dispute and Provisional Disposition to fix Temporary Position, are provided in article 276 or below of the Civil Execution Act. Designating the preservative measures as part of the executions law was a tradition from German law, and so did Japan until recently. But, I think, it is not right to regulate the Provisional Disposition to fix Temporary Position, which aims to preserve rights regardless of forced execution, with other preservative measures as a part of forced execution. This attitude of the current law is causing inappropriate rule for the provisional dispositions law. Under this consideration for the Provisional Disposition to fix temporary position, I would like several suggestions to improve the Provisional Dispositions system. First, the law on preservative measures should be separated from the Civil Execution Act and established as a separate law. Second, the new preservative measures act should be provided centering on the provisional disposition to fix temporary position rather than the other preservative measures. Specifically, it is proposed to introduce temporary restraining order that is effective only for a short period of time until the trial of the provisional dispositions case, if necessary. The provisional dispositions proceedings are proposed as follow-up procedures of proceedings for the temporary restraining orders and the proceedings on the merits are as follow-up of the provisional dispositions proceedings. Third, it is suggested to improve the procedures for trial and appeal and the execution of the provisional dispositions. In Addition and the last, it is suggested that the new act should include provisions on conflict of dispositions, damages due to an provisional disposition and individual regulations by the type of measures.

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In judicial remedies, the suit on the merits of the case, i.e. claim for performance or confirmation of duties on labor laws or labor contracts, strictly requires taking of evidence which can be time consuming. Therefore, it is not effective in labor dispute, because the remedy procedure should be simple and quick for employee and employer. Accordingly, the provisional disposition, based on Article 300 (2) of the Civil Execution Act which grants provisional dispositions for temporary position, has been widely used in labor dispute. Traditionally, provisional disposition against industrial action and provisional disposition for employee¡¯s status are common. Recently, not only provisional disposition for refusal of collective bargaining but also provisional disposition for prohibition of employment disturbance are ordered by civil court. In this article, I reviewed briefly the need for provisional disposition and protected right of labor injunctions. Despite performing a great role in the resolution of labor disputes, labor injunction remains a dead zone in academic interests. To overcome this weak point is urgent for the reasonable and prompt resolution of labor disputes.

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¥°. A Court, when the labor provisional disposition put into action, considered the mutual relation of labor dispute's characteristic and the relations between labor and capital's mutual relation, when the court judges necessity of the opponent preservation right and preservation, it needs to be operated with elasticity and flexibility way by the court.
 Especially, the Court has to consider, in case of labor provisional disposition that employer puts in a request the infringed right and what the affairs substantially need, every necessity essential factor that has to be preserved with provisional disposition supplies or not.
 ¥±. Existing law, labor provisional disposition overcomes the problems which can be occurred by identifying with civil affairs execution law provisional disposition law provision's inadequacy has to be completed through the swift legislation to promote the solution of labor management dispute.
 The items that need legislation are presented such as labor provisional disposition invocation requisite's definiteness, labor provisional applicant's enlargement, swift trial proceedings, compositional reconciliation proceedings's arrangement, provisional disposition execution's effectiveness securement scheme.
 ¥². As above, until before arranging the legislation with existing law, as provisional disposition's proceeding is going on with the same method of civil affairs provisional disposition, to be applied to intent of the capital and labor's autonomy and unity, when the provisional disposition puts in action by the judgement department which is tacking the whole responsibility for the labor case, the law operation has to be changed to reflect the between labor and capital's distinctiveness, and institution's reform is to be placed gradually.

[±¹³» ÇÐÀ§³í¹®]

ÀÌ ³í¹®Àº ±â¾÷¸Å¼ö³ª ±â¾÷ÀμöÇÕº´ µîÀÇ °æ¿µ±Ç ºÐÀï »óȲÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À» ¶§, ±â¾÷¸Å¼ö¸¦ ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â ÃøÀ̳ª ±âÁ¸ °æ¿µÁø Ãø¿¡¼­ È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹ý·üÀû Àï¼Û ¼ö´Ü ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ °¡Ã³ºÐ Á¦µµ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ½Ç¹«ÀÇ °æÇâÀ» º¸¸é °æ¿µ±Ç ºÐÀïÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °æ¿ì °¡Ã³ºÐ Á¦µµ°¡ ³Î¸® È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ°í ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐÀ̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î°¡ °üÇàÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐÀº °­ÇлóÀ¸·Î³ª ½Ç¹«ÀûÀ¸·Î ±× °³³äÀÌ ¸íÈ®È÷ Á¤¸³µÈ »óÅ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÌ ³í¹® Á¦3ÀåºÎÅÍ Á¦6Àå±îÁö´Â °æ¿µ±Ç ºÐÀï »óȲ¿¡¼­ ½Ã°£ÀÇ È帧¿¡ µû¶ó È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö °¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í °³º° °¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ Æ¯Â¡, °¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ ´ç»çÀÚ ¹× °¡Ã³ºÐ°áÁ¤¿¡ À§¹ÝÇÑ ÇàÀ§ÀÇ È¿·Â µî¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °ËÅäÇÑ ÈÄ, Á¦7Àå°ú Á¦8Àå¿¡¼­´Â À§¿¡¼­ °ËÅäÇÑ »çÇ×À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ °³³äÇ¥Áö¸¦ ÃßÃâÇÏ¿© ±× °³³äÀ» Á¤¸³ÇÏ°í, ±× °³³äÀ» Åä´ë·Î ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ Æ÷¼·µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Ã³ºÐÀÇ Á¾·ù, ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É¸®¹æ¹ý ¹× ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐ Á¦µµÀÇ °³¼±¹æ¾È µî¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °ËÅäÇÏ¿´´Ù. À§¿Í °°Àº ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ȸ»ç°¡Ã³ºÐÀº ȸ»ç¹ý»óÀÇ ¼Ò¼Û ¶Ç´Â ȸ»ç¹ý»óÀÇ Ã»±¸±ÇÀ» û±¸¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» º»¾ÈÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ´Üü¹ýÀû ¼º°ÝÀ» Áö´Ñ ÀÓ½ÃÁöÀ§°¡Ã³ºÐÀ¸·Î¼­, ÀÓ½ÃÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ºñ¼Û»ç°Ç½ÅûÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» µµÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù. ȸ»ç °ü·Ã ºÐÀïÀº »çȸ¹ßÀü¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ó¸¶µçÁö ´Ù¾çÈ­µÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥, »ó¹ý µî¿¡¼­ ¿¹Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °¡Ã³ºÐÀ̶ó ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ °ËÅäÇÑ È¸»ç°¡Ã³ºÐ¿¡ °üÇÑ ½É¸®±âÁØ¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î À̸¦ °ËÅäÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÏ°üµÇ°í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °á·ÐÀ» µµÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

Die Statthaftigkeit der Feststellungsverfügungen wurde lange Zeit mit dem Hinweis verneint, dass diese Verfügungsform nicht vollstreckbar sei und die Gefahr der Vorwegnahme der Hauptsache in sich trage. Diese Auffassung ist aber nicht vertretbar, denn Befriedigungsverfügungen sind heute allgemein anerkannt und Feststellungsverfügungen sind in den ausnahmsweisen Fällen notwendig. Es ist anerkannt, dass im ordentlichen Verfahren zuweilen auf Feststellung geklagt werden kann, obwohl eine Leistungsklage möglich ist. In diesen Fällen muss ebenfalls eine feststellende einstweilige Verfügung zulässig sein. Für die Erlass der Feststellungsverfügung müssen in den konkreten Fällen Verfügungsanspruch und Verfügungsgrund glaubhaft gemacht werden. Denn Feststellungsverfügungen sind Befriedigungsverfügungen, muss eine überwiegende Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür bestehen, dass der Antragsteller im Hauptsacheverfahren obsiegen wird, und ihm bei einer verweisung auf das Hauptsacheverfahren unzumutbare Nachteile drohen. Die Subsidiarität der Festellungs- gegenüber der Leistungsklage ist auf das einstweiligen Verfahren zu übertragen, weil die Leistungstenorierung wegen der Vollstreckbarkeit das Rechtsschutzinteresse des Rechtsschutzsuchenden besser befriedeigt als die blo©¬e gerihtliche Rechtsfeststellung.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

In the civil litigation parties in which the litigation is pending, or not yet commenced, in particular defendants will conceal their own properties. Therefor it is necessary for claimants to settle the provisional remedies. There are two kinds of these provisional remedies: (Provisional) Seizures and Provisional Disposition. Courts can execute order of numerous provisional remedies for the same parties and the same objects, in this case the problem how priorities between the parallel provisional remedies must be decided will be led to. However, in the Civil Execution Act are not specified provisions to solve the problem. therefor fully depend on the court rulings. Specially when for a claim for the registration of a ownership transfer numerous provisional remedies has been executed, it is not obvious whether a (provisional) seizure claimant or a provisional disposition claimant is prior. In contrast to the right of golf membership regard as a claim and for the same problem the rule on the assignment of an obligation is applied. I point out that if a provisional disposition claimant had the top priority and on the merit courts ruled in favor of him, he would be preserved from any other claimants, that is, the effect of ranking preservation would be added to him.

[±¹³»³í¹®]

In order to get preliminary injunctions in Korea, plaintiffs should show merits of his or her own right and the necessity of injunctive relief. The merits of right correspond to ‘likelihood of success’ requirement of the United States, and the necessities of injunctive relief to both of ‘irreparable harm’ and ‘balancing test’.
 In comparing the requirements for preliminary injunction between Korea and U.S., a conspicuous characteristic is that U.S. Supreme Court holds that ‘public interest’ is one of four requirements for preliminary injunction while Korean Supreme Court does not.
 In this article, I reviewed what public interest means in the context of preliminary injunctions. When (or in which type of cases) does ‘public interest’ appear as a requirement for preliminary injunctions? How different is the intensity of public interest factor according to cases? What kind of impact exists when a party is a government entity? Does the cause of action or requested injunctive relief have influence on the public interest of the case? Above are the topics that this article has dealt.

[±¹³»³í¹®]

Union workers have a right to withhold their labor, that is to strike including stoppage of work, concerted slowdown or other concerted interruption of operations by employees. Hence, as a general principle, employers can"t penalize employees or discriminate against them because they exercised the right to strike. Strikers who engage in certain types of unlawful conduct lose their statutory right or regal protection. Moreover employers may institute injuction(provisional disposition) as a major legal tool to combat unionism. Some authors have suggested that injunctions against strikes issued by court may protect the sanctity of labor contracts against the threat of union interference. But constitutionnal spirits force us to recognize the benefits of collective bargaining, outlaw the yellow-dog contracts, remove labor-management disputes from the threat of national court injunctions. Among other things, when such an injunction is issued, there must be rigorous limitations upon the availability of injunctions in labor disputes. The right of worker"s strike is guranteed by a contitutional law, it admits the use of force in legal system. If so, the imployer"s counteractions are admitted within of law system. this spirits should be understood as a appearance of not civil law but labor laws.

[±¹³»³í¹®]

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