This study was designed to examine the effects of music listening versus rhythm playing intervention on stress and anxiety reduction in workers and compare the differences among two interventions in both physiological and psychological changes. The subjects of the study were 30 volunteers, including 19 males and 11 females who were at work in Seoul, and age was ranged from 25 to 46 years old. There were three groups, consisting 10 subjects in each group and each three groups was assigned to do music listening, rhythm playing and be in the control group. The experimental subjects participated in 4 sessions throughout 2 weeks and subjects of control group did not receive any interventions. In each session, sharing their preferred music, discussing topics, relaxation and image training were provided as activities for music listening group, and discussing topics, rhythm training, imitations and rhythm making, improvisations were provided for rhythm playing group. Researcher took blood samples to assay cortisol and conducted stress response and state-anxiety tests prior to the experiment, and rechecked the same measurement scales as the final session was over. The results were taken from the analysis of pretest and posttest data of each group. First, the data of cortisol significantly decreased only in music listening group compared to the other groups, and no significant differences were found between music listening and rhythm playing groups. Second, the scores of stress response of both experimental groups decreased but there were not statistically significant compared to the control group. Third, the anxiety scores of both experimental groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group, but showed no significant differences in both of music conditions. In conclusion, the results that reveal meaningful decreases in cortisol, state anxiety and stress response in a short term indicate that music listening and rhythm playing treatments can be used as coping strategies to relieve and reduce the job stress. (ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«)