- Community interaction and child maltreatment
- | Child abuse neglect (v.41 / pp.146-157 / 20150145-2134)
- The way in which parents interact with their environment may have implications for their likelihood of abuse and neglect. This study examines the parent-environment relat
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The way in which parents interact with their environment may have implications for their likelihood of abuse and neglect. This study examines the parent-environment relationship through community involvement and perception, using social disorganization theory. We hypothesize mothers who participate in their communities and have positive perceptions of them may be less likely to maltreat their children because of the potential protective capacity of neighborhood supports. Using information from the 5 year Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=2991), the mother's self-reported acts of psychological and physical maltreatment and neglect are measured. A mother's community involvement index is the number of community activities a mother was involved in, and community perception is measured by two five-item Likert scales assessing perception of community collective efficacy. We analyze the relationship between community variables and each of mother's maltreatment behaviors as well as the interaction between community factors using a series of nested logistic regressions. Higher levels of community involvement are associated with lower levels of psychological aggression. More positive perception of community social control is associated with lower levels of physical assault. A moderation effect of community perception suggests that a mother's perception of her community changes the relationship between community involvement and psychological child abuse. The results provide important policy and empirical implications to build positive and supportive communities as a protective factor in child maltreatment. Getting parents involved in their communities can improve the environment in which children and families develop, and decrease the likelihood that maltreatment will occur.
- Chloride accelerated Fenton chemistry for the ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric detection of copper
- Shan, Zhi, Lu, Mingsheng, Wang, Li, MacDonald, Bruce, MacInnis, Judy, Mkandawire, Martin, Zhang, Xu, Oakes, Ken D. | Chemical communications : Chem comm (v.52 / no.10 / pp.2087-2090 / 20161359-7345)
- A highly selective, ultrasensitive (visual and instrumental detection limits of 40 nM and 0.1 nM, respectively), environmentally-friendly, simple and rapid colorimetric s
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A highly selective, ultrasensitive (visual and instrumental detection limits of 40 nM and 0.1 nM, respectively), environmentally-friendly, simple and rapid colorimetric sensor was developed for the detection of copper( II ) in water. This sensor is based on a novel signal-amplification mechanism involving reactive halide species (RHSs) including chlorides or bromides, which accelerate copper Fenton reactions oxidizing the chromogenic substrate to develop colour. The results of this study expand our understanding of copper-based Fenton chemistry. Graphic Abstract Chloride accelerates copper based Fenton Chemistry resulting in dramatically increased amount of Reactive Oxygen and Chloride Species.
- Effects and mechanism research of the crystalline state for the semi-crystalline calcium silicate
- Tan, W., Zhu, G., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, L. | Cement and concrete research (v.72 / pp.69-75 / 20150008-8846)
- Semi-crystalline silicates have wide varieties and are used in a wide range of fields for their unstable crystalline degrees. The crystalline state largely depends on the
초록보기원문보기 >
Semi-crystalline silicates have wide varieties and are used in a wide range of fields for their unstable crystalline degrees. The crystalline state largely depends on the synthesis time, temperature and nucleation promoter. In this paper, the above three parameters have been researched. With different synthesis temperatures, the active calcium silicate, xonotlite and the intermediate products have been simulated. After that, the crystalline process has been tracked from 1h to 8h. A model of calcium silicate formation process has been set up based on the time and temperature experiments. Finally, a nucleation promoter, aluminum, has been added into the synthesis process. The crystalline degree is greatly increased with the aluminum addition. When the aluminum and silicate rate is 0.1, the crystalline degree is above 70% after 1h.
- Sudden death associated with QT interval prolongation and KCNQ1 gene mutation in a family of English Springer Spaniels.
- Ware, W A, Reina-Doreste, Y, Stern, J A, Meurs, K M | Journal of veterinary internal medicine (v.29 / no.2 / pp.561-568 / 20150891-6640)
- A 5-year-old, healthy English Springer Spaniel died suddenly 4?months after delivering a litter of 7 puppies. Within 4?months of the dam #039;s death, 3 offspring also di
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A 5-year-old, healthy English Springer Spaniel died suddenly 4?months after delivering a litter of 7 puppies. Within 4?months of the dam #039;s death, 3 offspring also died suddenly.
- Chloride transporter KCC2-dependent neuroprotection depends on the N-terminal protein domain.
- Winkelmann, A, Semtner, M, Meier, J C | Cell death disease (v.6 / pp.1776 / 2015)
- Neurodegeneration is a serious issue of neurodegenerative diseases including epilepsy. Downregulation of the chloride transporter KCC2 in the epileptic tissue may not onl
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Neurodegeneration is a serious issue of neurodegenerative diseases including epilepsy. Downregulation of the chloride transporter KCC2 in the epileptic tissue may not only affect regulation of the polarity of GABAergic synaptic transmission but also neuronal survival. Here, we addressed the mechanisms of KCC2-dependent neuroprotection by assessing truncated and mutated KCC2 variants in different neurotoxicity models. The results identify a threonine- and tyrosine-phosphorylation-resistant KCC2 variant with increased chloride transport activity, but they also identify the KCC2 N-terminal domain (NTD) as the relevant minimal KCC2 protein domain that is sufficient for neuroprotection. As ectopic expression of the KCC2-NTD works independently of full-length KCC2-dependent regulation of Cl(-) transport or structural KCC2 C-terminus-dependent regulation of synaptogenesis, our study may pave the way for a selective neuroprotective therapeutic strategy that will be applicable to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Community care reaches out for the mobile moment
- Wallace, Simon | Clinical governance: an international journal (v.20 / no.3 / pp.123-133 / 20151477-7274)
- Purpose ndash; The purpose of this paper is to explore the quite extraordinary way the phenomena of mobile communication has gripped our society and the opportunities t
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Purpose ndash; The purpose of this paper is to explore the quite extraordinary way the phenomena of mobile communication has gripped our society and the opportunities this provides for healthcare. Design/methodology/approach ndash; It describes the ticking public health time bomb surrounding long term conditions and dementia and the need to radically overhaul how community services are delivered. It dissects the opportunities and challenges of providing a mobile health and social care service in the community and explores what a mobile moment means for these professionals. Findings ndash; It stresses that the answer is NOT to simply provide an organisation rsquo;s IT back-office environment in the field and describes the concept of a dedicated organisation app platform tailored to meet this need. Originality/value ndash; The paper concludes by reviewing recent evidence about the benefits and opportunities for health and social care organisations to embrace mobile working.
- Synthetic Amphipathic Helical Peptides Targeting CD36 Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Acute Lung Injury
- Bocharov, Alexander V., Wu, Tinghuai, Baranova, Irina N., Birukova, Anna A., Sviridov, Denis, Vishnyakova, Tatyana G., Remaley, Alan T., Eggerman, Thomas L., Patterson, Amy P., Birukov, Konstantin G. | The journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists (v.197 / no.2 / pp.611-619 / 20160022-1767)
- Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides (SAHPs) designed as apolipoprotein A-I mimetics are known to bind to class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs), SR-BI, SR-BII, and CD36,
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Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides (SAHPs) designed as apolipoprotein A-I mimetics are known to bind to class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs), SR-BI, SR-BII, and CD36, receptors that mediate lipid transport and facilitate pathogen recognition. In this study, we evaluated SAHPs, selected for targeting human CD36, by their ability to attenuate LPS-induced inflammation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and acute lung injury (ALI). L37pA, which targets CD36 and SR-BI equally, inhibited LPS-induced IL-8 secretion and barrier dysfunction in cultured endothelial cells while reducing lung neutrophil infiltration by 40% in a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI. A panel of 20 SAHPs was tested in HEK293 cell lines stably transfected with various SR-Bs to identify SAHPs with preferential selectivity toward CD36. Among several SAHPs targeting both SR-BI/BII and CD36 receptors, ELK-B acted predominantly through CD36. Compared with L37pA, 5A, and ELK SAHPs, ELK-B was most effective in reducing the pulmonary barrier dysfunction, neutrophil migration into the lung, and lung inflammation induced by LPS. We conclude that SAHPs with relative selectivity toward CD36 are more potent at inhibiting acute pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction. These data indicate that therapeutic strategies using SAHPs targeting CD36, but not necessarily mimicking all apolipoprotein A-I functions, may be considered a possible new treatment approach for inflammation-induced ALI and pulmonary edema.
- The body of imagination and the technology of imagery in the Renaissance and in Modernity
- Fliethmann, Axel | Thesis eleven (v.130 / no.1 / pp.43-57 / 20150725-5136)
- Throughout history, the concepts of phantasia (Greek) or imaginatio (Latin) have been linked to the concept of the human body and in particular to our sensory percept
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Throughout history, the concepts of phantasia (Greek) or imaginatio (Latin) have been linked to the concept of the human body and in particular to our sensory perceptions. But phantasia/imaginatio have also always been linked to the mind and how the operations of the mind are connected with bodily sensations. Functioning as interface between the senses and the mind, phantasia has predominantly been exemplified with the notion of the visual image, rather than a tactile or oral depiction. But as emphatic as discussion of the image has been, in particular throughout the Renaissance period and again in modernity, it has hardly been linked to the contemporaneous technology of imagery that accompanied the theoretical discourses on imagination. The article will flesh out central historical and systematic aspects of the concept of imagination (I), but instead of submitting them to a history of ideas it will turn to a comparative study of the first monograph on imagination by the Renaissance philosopher Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola from 1501 and Sigmund Freud #x2019;s Interpretation of Dreams from 1900 (II) to investigate their respective understandings of imagination and inner images in the light of the technology of imagery (III).
- Organo-Chlorinated Thin Films Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Adhesion Enhancement between Rubber and Zinc-Plated Steel Monofilaments
- Vandenabeele, Ce #769, dric, Bulou, Simon, Maurau, Re #769, my, Siffer, Frederic, Belmonte, Thierry, Choquet, Patrick | ACS applied materials interfaces (v.7 / no.26 / pp.14317-14327 / 20151944-8244)
- A continuous-flow plasma process working at atmospheric pressure is developed to enhance the adhesion between a rubber compound and a zinc-plated steel monofilament, with
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A continuous-flow plasma process working at atmospheric pressure is developed to enhance the adhesion between a rubber compound and a zinc-plated steel monofilament, with the long-term objective to find a potential alternative to the electrolytic brass plating process, which is currently used in tire industry. For this purpose, a highly efficient tubular dielectric barrier discharge reactor is built to allow the continuous treatment of ldquo;endless rdquo; cylindrical substrates. The best treatment conditions found regarding adhesion are Ar/O 2 plasma pretreatment, followed by the deposition from dichloromethane of a 75 nm-thick organo-chlorinated plasma polymerized thin film. Ar/O 2 pretreatment allows the removal of organic residues, coming from drawing lubricants, and induces external growth of zinc oxide. The plasma layer has to be preferably deposited at low power to conserve sufficient hydrocarbon moieties. Surface analyses reveal the complex chemical mechanism behind the establishment of strong adhesion levels, more than five times higher after the plasma treatment. During the vulcanization step, superficial ZnO reacts with the chlorinated species of the thin film and is converted into porous and granular bump-shaped Zn w O x H y Cl z nanostructures. Together, rubber additives diffuse through the plasma layer and lead to the formation of zinc sulfide on the substrate surface. Hence, two distinct interfaces, rubber/thin film and thin film/substrate, are established. On the basis of these observations, hypotheses explaining the high bonding strength results are formulated. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- CLIC1 a novel biomarker of intraperitoneal metastasis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer.
- Ye, Yuguang, Yin, Mingzhu, Huang, Bihui, Wang, Yaqi, Li, Xia, Lou, Ge | Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine (v.36 / no.6 / pp.4175-4179 / 20151010-4283)
- Early diagnosis of intraperitoneal metastasis is a pivot for survival of patients with serous epithelial ovarian cancers (SEOC). However, to date, there is lack of effici
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Early diagnosis of intraperitoneal metastasis is a pivot for survival of patients with serous epithelial ovarian cancers (SEOC). However, to date, there is lack of efficient molecular biomarker for early metastasis of SEOC. Here, we found that the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is highly correlative with intraperitoneal metastasis. There is very low expression of CLIC1 in normal ovaries (NO), benign ovarian tumor (BOT), and primary ovarian cancer without metastasis (POCNM); but its expression is remarkably high in primary ovarian cancer with metastasis (POCM) omentum and peritoneal metastasis. Furthermore, for clinic prediction of intraperitoneal metastasis of SEOC, the sensitivity and specificity of CLIC1 overexpression were 97.4 and 88.1 %, respectively. Collectively, CLIC1 may be a potential sensitive and specific molecular biomarker for early diagnose for SEOC metastasis.
- Synthesis and Characterization of Semi-crystalline NiCoP Film
- Hemeda, O. M., Tawfik, A., El-Sayed, A. H., Hamad, M. A. | Journal of superconductivity and novel magnetism (v.28 / no.12 / pp.3629-3632 / 20151557-1939)
- Abstract This review treats mainly the initial transformation of the starting unoriented lamellar material into the final oriented microfibrillar structure and its drawi
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- Retrosynthetic Rummy: A Synthetic Organic Chemistry Card Game
- Carney, Jeffrey M. | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.2 / pp.328-331 / 20150021-9584)
- A deck of cards and a card game have been developed in an effort to make practicing organic chemistry and synthesis more fun for students. The game is played as a variati
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A deck of cards and a card game have been developed in an effort to make practicing organic chemistry and synthesis more fun for students. The game is played as a variation of rummy, in which players collect sets of similar cards and runs of cards in a synthetic sequence. This card game reviews knowledge of functional groups and reaction types and requires an ability to place many organic transformations in an appropriate order to synthesize target molecules. The game was used as a method to review second-year organic reactions for third- and fourth-year students at the beginning of a course in advanced organic chemistry. Students enjoyed the game and even gathered to play it outside of class. Additionally, the deck of cards was constructed so it can function to give a variety of classic card games a chemistry theme. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- The spatiality of trust: Factors influencing the creation of trust and the role of face-to-face contacts
- Nilsson, M., Mattes, J. | European management journal (v.33 / no.4 / pp.230-244 / 20150263-2373)
- In this paper we analyze how the spatiality of interactions influences trust creation in multi-site corporate innovation projects. By drawing on insights from the discuss
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In this paper we analyze how the spatiality of interactions influences trust creation in multi-site corporate innovation projects. By drawing on insights from the discussion on initial and gradual trust in combination with contributions from the field of economic geography, we examine factors influencing the creation of trust and their dependence on face-to-face interaction. We develop a conceptual framework that links the spatial constitution of relationships to the creation of both resilient and fragile trust in project work. In doing so, we illustrate the complexity of initial and gradual trust creation and the interplay between personality traits, group-based similarities, situational and institutional factors, reputational inference, and personal interaction. The empirical insights are based on two qualitative case studies on specific innovation projects in multinational companies. Our findings illustrate the need to incorporate spatiality as a facilitating factor in the analysis of trust development.
- Capacitively coupled hybrid pixel assemblies for the CLIC vertex detector
- Tehrani, N.A., Arfaoui, S., Benoit, M., Dannheim, D., Dette, K., Hynds, D., Kulis, S., Peric, I., Petric, M., Redford, S., Sicking, E., Valerio, P. | Nuclear instruments methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment (v.823 / pp.1-8 / 20160168-9002)
- The vertex detector at the proposed CLIC multi-TeV linear e + e - collider must have minimal material content and high spatial resolution, combined with accurate time
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The vertex detector at the proposed CLIC multi-TeV linear e + e - collider must have minimal material content and high spatial resolution, combined with accurate time-stamping to cope with the expected high rate of beam-induced backgrounds. One of the options being considered is the use of active sensors implemented in a commercial high-voltage CMOS process, capacitively coupled to hybrid pixel ASICs. A prototype of such an assembly, using two custom designed chips (CCPDv3 as active sensor glued to a CLICpix readout chip), has been characterised both in the lab and in beam tests at the CERN SPS using 120GeV/c positively charged hadrons. Results of these characterisation studies are presented both for single and dual amplification stages in the active sensor, where efficiencies of greater than 99% have been achieved at -60V substrate bias, with a single hit resolution of 6.1 mu;m. Pixel cross-coupling results are also presented, showing the sensitivity to placement precision and planarity of the glue layer.
- Anomalies of Imagination and Disordered Self in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- Rasmussen, Andreas Ros #x00E9, n, Parnas, Josef | Psychopathology (v.48 / no.5 / pp.317-323 / 20150254-4962)
- Abstract Vivid mental imagery occurs frequently in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Overlapping phenomena, such as obsessions or ruminations, are also frequent i
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Abstract Vivid mental imagery occurs frequently in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Overlapping phenomena, such as obsessions or ruminations, are also frequent in other psychiatric disorders, raising significant diagnostic challenges. Unfortunately, contemporary operational psychopathology lacks the epistemological and phenomenological framework to address such questions. Using the resources of phenomenology and philosophy of mind, we articulate the structure of imagination and describe its distinctive modifications in the SSDs. Drawing on pilot data with patients' self-descriptions, we present the notion of perceptualized imagery. The anomalous imagery acquires spatialization, spatiotemporal constancy, explorability, autonomy and a sense of experiential distance between the subject and the image. As a quasi-perceptual, stable object, such imagery often evokes an intense affective response, whereas the normal sense of #x2018;irreality' of the fantasy may become compromised. We articulate these anomalies of imagination as being entailed by the underlying generative disorder of schizophrenia, namely the disorder of minimal self (unstable ipseity or first-person perspective). We propose that pathology of imagination is an important psychopathological aspect of the schizophrenia spectrum, with significant relevance for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis. ⓒ 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
- Bioactive Natural Products against Prostate Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Autophagic/Apoptotic Molecular Pathways
- Gioti, Katerina, Tenta, Roxane | Planta medica (v.81 / no.7 / pp.543-562 / 20150032-0943)
- Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide for men. There is increasing evidence that diet and lifestyle play a crucial role in prostate cancer biolo
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Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide for men. There is increasing evidence that diet and lifestyle play a crucial role in prostate cancer biology and tumorigenesis. Due to the fact that conventional chemotherapy is not adequately effective against prostate cancer and has severe side effects, numerous in vitro studies have been conducted in order to identify the potent cytotoxic or chemopreventive activity of naturally occurring compounds and their respective molecular mechanisms of action. In this context, many natural compounds isolated from plants have been found to inhibit cancer growth and to induce cell cycle arrest, suppress angiogenesis, and promote apoptotic or autophagic cell death. Therefore, in this article, the most promising bioactive natural products and their respective mechanisms of action for the prevention or/and treatment of prostate cancer are presented.
- Chloride concentrations in human hepatic cytosol and mitochondria are a function of age
- Jahn, Stephan C., Rowland-Faux, Laura, Stacpoole, Peter W., James, Margaret O. | Biochemical and biophysical research communications (v.459 / no.3 / pp.463-468 / 20150006-291x)
- Abstract We recently reported that, in a concentration-dependent manner, chloride protects hepatic glutathione transferase zeta 1 from inactivation by dichloroacetate, a
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Abstract We recently reported that, in a concentration-dependent manner, chloride protects hepatic glutathione transferase zeta 1 from inactivation by dichloroacetate, an investigational drug used in treating various acquired and congenital metabolic diseases. Despite the importance of chloride ions in normal physiology, and decades of study of chloride transport across membranes, the literature lacks information on chloride concentrations in animal tissues other than blood. In this study we measured chloride concentrations in human liver samples from male and female donors aged 1 day to 84 years (n?=?97). Because glutathione transferase zeta 1 is present in cytosol and, to a lesser extent, in mitochondria, we measured chloride in these fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis following conversion of the free chloride to pentafluorobenzylchloride. We found that chloride concentration decreased with age in hepatic cytosol but increased in liver mitochondria. In addition, chloride concentrations in cytosol, (105.2?±?62.4?mM; range: 24.7 ndash;365.7?mM) were strikingly higher than those in mitochondria (4.2?±?3.8?mM; range 0.9 ndash;22.2?mM). These results suggest a possible explanation for clinical observations seen in patients treated with dichloroacetate, whereby children metabolize the drug more rapidly than adults following repeated doses, and also provide information that may influence our understanding of normal liver physiology. Highlights This study is the first large scale measurement of hepatic chloride in any species. The chloride concentration is much higher in human hepatic cytosol than in the mitochondria. Chloride concentration decreases with age in the cytosol while increasing in the mitochondria. Graphical abstract [DISPLAY OMISSION]
- Physical changes and sorption/desorption behaviour of amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA exposed to water, methanol and ethanol
- Tsai, W.C., Hedenqvist, M.S., Laiback, A., Melin, H., Ngo, M., Trollsas, M., Gedde, U.W. | European polymer journal (v.76 / pp.278-293 / 20160014-3057)
- The purpose of this study was to study the effects of water, methanol and ethanol on the structure of fully amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), whi
초록보기원문보기 >
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of water, methanol and ethanol on the structure of fully amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), which is important for applications in which the material is in contact with body fluids (water), and also in order to tailor properties by adjusting the crystallinity and glass transition temperature using penetrants. Amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA tubes were exposed to the afore-mentioned liquids at 37 o C and the mass crystallinity, fictive temperature and the rigid amorphous fraction were assessed by DSC and WAXS. The diffusivity and solubility of the penetrant were assessed by gravimetric sorption and desorption experiments. Water has a plasticizing effect on the glassy structure, which enhances the equilibration of the glass as revealed by a lowering of the fictive temperature of the subsequently dried samples, but the plasticization was not sufficient to induce cold-crystallisation. The moderate effect of water at 37 o C was further demonstrated by the almost constant water diffusivity. Both methanol and ethanol induced cold-crystallisation at 37 o C, primarily forming crystals of the alpha;'-form, which in the case of methanol led to a marked increase in the fictive temperature and the formation of a rigid amorphous fraction in the subsequent dried samples. The crystal growth was restricted according to an Avrami analysis of the crystallisation kinetics data. The complexity of the sorption and desorption kinetics of methanol and ethanol was caused by the progressing cold-crystallisation on sorption, which resulted in several phenomena. Very notable was the extremely high concentration-dependence of the penetrant diffusivity as revealed on desorption, which could not be explained by plasticization alone. Instead it is believed that the formed crystals caged a significant fraction of the penetrant molecules.
- Religion and the city: A review on Muslim spatiality in Italian cities
- | Cities (v.44 / pp.19-28 / 20150264-2751)
- This paper focuses on the spatial impacts and characteristics of the Muslim presence in Italy. The centrality of religion for many migrants has significant consequences o
초록보기원문보기 >
This paper focuses on the spatial impacts and characteristics of the Muslim presence in Italy. The centrality of religion for many migrants has significant consequences on the morphology of the Italian cities. This is especially the case of Islam, which is now the second most important religion in Italy - and the prevalent religion among immigrants. After examining facts and figures about the Muslim presence in Italy, the paper focuses on two aspects of the Muslim urban presence. First, it analyses the residential patterns of Muslims, with reference to the case of Milan. The tendency towards a sprawled pattern is highlighted. The paper then analyses the four main 'landmarks' of the urban presence of Muslims in Italy: places of worship, halal butcheries, burial-places, and forms of public life. A discussion of the evolutionary prospects of Muslim spatiality in Italian cities over the next few decades follows these analyses.
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