Integrating Chemical Information Instruction into the Chemistry Curriculum on Borrowed Time: A Multiyear Case Study of a Capstone Research Report for Organic Chemistry

Jacobs, Danielle L., Dalal, Heather A., Dawson, Patricia H. | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.3 / pp.444-451 / 20160021-9584)

To develop information literacy skills in chemistry and biochemistry majors at a primarily undergraduate institution, a multiyear collaboration between chemistry faculty

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To develop information literacy skills in chemistry and biochemistry majors at a primarily undergraduate institution, a multiyear collaboration between chemistry faculty and librarians has resulted in the establishment of a semester-long capstone project for Organic Chemistry II. Information literacy skills were instilled via a progressive research report, supported by a comprehensive modular virtual tutorial catered toward Rider University students, on the efficient use of SciFinder and related tasks for searching and using the primary literature. Over a six-year period, both the research report and the tutorial modules have been cyclically evaluated, assessed, and revised in order to meet our student learning objectives. This article describes the assessment-driven evolution of the research report assignment between 2010 and 2015, as well as student perceptions and learning outcomes. The technological development, feedback-driven revisions, and assessment of student learning outcomes of the SciFinder tutorial series have been included in a companion article in this Journal . ACS Electronic Supporting Info

Promoting Representational Competence with Molecular Models in Organic Chemistry

Stull, Andrew T., Gainer, Morgan, Padalkar, Shamin, Hegarty, Mary | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.6 / pp.994-1001 / 20160021-9584)

Mastering the many different diagrammatic representations of molecules used in organic chemistry is challenging for students. This article summarizes recent research show

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Mastering the many different diagrammatic representations of molecules used in organic chemistry is challenging for students. This article summarizes recent research showing that manipulating 3-D molecular models can facilitate the understanding and use of these representations. Results indicate that students are more successful in translating between diagrams when they have models available, that using a model to enact the translation process in the world is predictive of learning, and that using models as feedback (to check the accuracy of diagram translation) is particularly effective. Model-based feedback is superior to verbal feedback alone, models scaffold learning rather than act as a crutch, learning with model-based instruction is resilient over a delay of several days, and learning with models transfers to performance when models are no longer available. Finally, virtual models are equivalent to hand-held models in promoting learning in the studied contexts. Graphic Abstract

Wisdom's Imagination: Moral Reasoning and the Book of Proverbs

Stewart, Anne W. | Journal for the study of the Old Testament (v.40 / no.3 / pp.351-372 / 20160309-0892)

A common assumption about Israelite wisdom literature is the presumed naiveta #x0301; #x03B9; #x0301; #x03BF; #x0300; #x03C5; #x0303; #x03B9; #x0300; #x03B7; #x0300; #x03

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A common assumption about Israelite wisdom literature is the presumed naiveta #x0301; #x03B9; #x0301; #x03BF; #x0300; #x03C5; #x0303; #x03B9; #x0300; #x03B7; #x0300; #x03BF; #x0301; #x03B5; #x0301; #x03B9; #x0301; #x03B1; #x0301;e #x0301;, simplicity, or rigidity of the worldview represented by Proverbs, especially in contrast to other Israelite wisdom books. This article argues that, to the contrary, Proverbs evidences a richly imaginative character of moral reasoning that points to a fairly complex understanding of the moral world. Informed by the work of cognitive linguist Mark Johnson, this study explores several aspects of the pedagogy of imagination in the book, including the use of cognitive prototypes and metaphor, and it discusses how these tropes function as structures of moral reasoning. Further, this article considers the implications of these elements for the book's implicit view of the moral world, as well as its pedagogical goal of training the young in wisdom.

Detection and identification of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni from symptomless plant material: results of an Italian test performance study

Loreti, S., Pucci, N., Perez, G., Catara, V., Scortichini, M., Bella, P., Ferrante, P., Giovanardi, D., Stefani, E. | Bulletin OEPP. EPPO bulletin (v.45 / no.1 / pp.41-51 / 20150250-8052)

Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni , the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits, is a regulated quarantine pathogen in the European Union, listed as an A

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Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni , the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits, is a regulated quarantine pathogen in the European Union, listed as an A2 pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Because detection and identification of this pathogen is key for its management and to ensure the production of pest free propagation material, it should be based on reliable tests, in particular when dealing with symptomless material. The current EPPO diagnostic Standard (PM 7/64) does not provide specific molecular methods for detection of this pest. The present paper summarizes the results of a test #8208;performance study (TPS) to validate, at a national level, a detection procedure for this bacterium. A working group was established in order to evaluate the performance criteria for tests included in the current EPPO Standard, and for a conventional PCR. On the basis of the obtained performance criteria, a diagnostic procedure was elaborated and then applied to perform an inter #8208;laboratory comparison. Screening tests for the detection of the bacterium on symptomless plant material based on IF and/or PCR were proposed, in parallel with isolation on agar media. For identification two methods were suggested: a molecular test or IF. This paper reports on the results of the TPS and proposes a flow diagram for the detection and identification of X.?arboricola pv. pruni .

Clic1 plays a role in mouse hepatocarcinoma via modulating Annexin A7 and Gelsolin in vitro and in vivo

Zhang, J., Li, M., Song, M., Chen, W., Mao, J., Song, L., Wei, Y., Huang, Y., Tang, J. | Biomedicine pharmacotherapy = Biom eacute;decine pharmacoth eacute;rapie (v.69 / pp.416-419 / 20150753-3322)

Clic1 is a member of the family of chloride intracellular ion channels. Previous studies suggest that Clic1 is involved in migration and invasion of the lymphatic metasta

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Clic1 is a member of the family of chloride intracellular ion channels. Previous studies suggest that Clic1 is involved in migration and invasion of the lymphatic metastasis in hepatocarcinoma, however, the mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we observed Clic1 is abundant in cytoplasm, higher expression in Hca-F cell than Hca-P cell, and we showed that downregulation of Clic1 by RNA interference was able to markedly enhance the expression of tumor metastasis genes Annexin A7 and Gelsolin in vitro, and downregulation of Annexin A7 and Gelsolin also enhanced the expression of Clic1 in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide novel insight that Clic1 have a role in migration and invasion in hepatocarcinoma maybe via modulating the expression of Annexin A7 and Gelsolin, and provide novel insight into the mechanisms of Clic1 for hepatocarcinoma treatment.

Urban macro-level impact factors on Direct CO2 Emissions of urban residents in China

Zhang, J., Xie, Y., Luan, B., Chen, X. | Energy and buildings (v.107 / pp.131-143 / 20150378-7788)

Global warming conditions and the impending energy crisis have gained attention of the research community worldwide. Urban researchers have been increasingly focused on e

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Global warming conditions and the impending energy crisis have gained attention of the research community worldwide. Urban researchers have been increasingly focused on energy-efficient cities from varying perspectives to gain insight and improve efficiency contributions in overall design components. Micro-level studies with families or individuals as research units have yielded abundant accomplishments, yet top urban macro-level factors with the highest energy consumption impact have not been identified. Direct CO 2 Emissions (DCE) of urban residents in 286 cities at the prefectural level and above in China are first estimated in this study. The relationship between DCE and urban macro-level factors including climatic, socio-economic and urban form with partial correlation analyses is then investigated. Findings and suggestions include: (1) Climatic metrics exert significant impact on residential Central Heating DCE and Electricity DCE with cities in different Building Climate Divisions exhibiting DCE variations. (2) Metrics measuring economic development levels exhibit the most significant positive impact on Electricity DCE, Gas DCE, Transportation DCE and total DCE per capita; however, total DCE per GDP decreases as economic development level rises. (3) Urban form metrics significantly impact Electricity DCE with greater effects on Transportation DCE, thus indicating the need for further research on urban form metrics.

Cinematic gesture: The ghost in the machine

Mulvey, Laura | Journal for cultural research (v.19 / no.1 / pp.6-14 / 20151479-7585)

When you are building on expensive process installation, the best time to involve the people who are actually going to use it is while you can still change the design. Vi

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Chloride helps collagen build its network

Short, Ben | The Journal of cell biology (v.213 / no.4 / pp.404-404 / 20160021-9525)

Extracellular chloride triggers the assembly of collagen IV networks in basement membranes.

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Extracellular chloride triggers the assembly of collagen IV networks in basement membranes.

A Forty Year Odyssey in Metallo ndash;Organic Chemistry

Nicholas, Kenneth M. | Journal of organic chemistry (v.80 / no.14 / pp.6943-6950 / 20150022-3263)

In this invited Perspective, I provide a personal account highlighting several of my group rsquo;s research contributions in metallo ndash;organic chemistry over the past

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In this invited Perspective, I provide a personal account highlighting several of my group rsquo;s research contributions in metallo ndash;organic chemistry over the past 40 years. Our early work focused primarily in stoichiometric structure/reactivity of transition metal ndash;organic compounds and their use in organic synthesis. More recent efforts have centered on the discovery and development of new metal-catalyzed organic reactions via reactive metal ndash;organic intermediates. The major research findings that are described here include (1) propargyl-cobalt complexes as electrophilic agents for C ndash;C and C ndash;Nu coupling; (2) the activation of carbon dioxide by metal complexes; (3) metal-promoted C ndash;H nitrogenation reactions; (4) oxo ndash;metal catalyzed deoxygenation reactions; and (5) catalyst discovery via dynamic templating with substrate- and transition-state analogues. Graphic Abstract

Community rescue in experimental metacommunities

Low-De #x0301, carie, Etienne, Kolber, Marcus, Homme, Paige, Lofano, Andrea, Dumbrell, Alex, Gonzalez, Andrew, Bell, Graham | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (v.112 / no.46 / pp.14307-14312 / 20150027-8424)

Significance Global environmental change is challenging the adaptive capacity of entire ecological communities. Community rescue occurs when populations within a communi

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Significance Global environmental change is challenging the adaptive capacity of entire ecological communities. Community rescue occurs when populations within a community evolve in response to an environmental stress that was initially lethal to all the constituent organisms. We studied how communities of soil microbes can extend the area they occupy to include conditions that were initially lethal, and how these communities can persist despite the degradation of environmental conditions. Our results suggest that entire communities have the potential to adapt to severe environmental stress. Community rescue is promoted by the initial diversity in the community, is more frequent among communities that have previously experienced intermediate sublethal levels of stress, and is facilitated by the dispersal of organisms across the landscape. The conditions that allow biodiversity to recover following severe environmental degradation are poorly understood. We studied community rescue, the recovery of a viable community through the evolutionary rescue of many populations within an evolving community, in metacommunities of soil microbes adapting to a herbicide. The metacommunities occupied a landscape of crossed spatial gradients of the herbicide (Dalapon) and a resource (glucose), whereas their constituent communities were either isolated or connected by dispersal. The spread of adapted communities across the landscape and the persistence of communities when that landscape was degraded were strongly promoted by dispersal, and the capacity to adapt to lethal stress was also related to community size and initial diversity. After abrupt and lethal stress, community rescue was most frequent in communities that had previously experienced sublethal levels of stress and had been connected by dispersal. Community rescue occurred through the evolutionary rescue of both initially common taxa, which remained common, and of initially rare taxa, which grew to dominate the evolved community. Community rescue may allow productivity and biodiversity to recover from severe environmental degradation.

Aggregate Return On Investment for investments under uncertainty

| International journal of production economics (v.165 / pp.29-37 / 20150925-5273)

This paper deals with capital budgeting decisions under uncertainty. We present an Aggregate Return On Investment (AROI), obtained as the ratio of total (undiscounted) ca

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This paper deals with capital budgeting decisions under uncertainty. We present an Aggregate Return On Investment (AROI), obtained as the ratio of total (undiscounted) cash flow to total invested capital and show that it is a genuine rate of return which, compared with the risk-adjusted cost of capital, correctly signals wealth creation. For choosing between two mutually exclusive projects, we derive an incremental AROI and an incremental risk-adjusted cost of capital, by means of which two unequal-risk projects can be correctly compared. Iterating the incremental procedure, we show that the AROI approach correctly ranks any bundle of different-risk competing projects. Relations with other criteria such as Modified Internal Rate of Return, average IRR, Cash Multiple, and Profitability Index are provided. Theoretically, the AROI approach constitutes a link between arbitrage choice theory and corporate investment theory, and shows that explicit discounting is not necessary for measuring economic profitability. Practically, the AROI is a user-friendly, easy-to-compute rate of return derived from the same set of data required by the net present value (NPV). Also, it does not incur the difficulties met by the internal rate of return (IRR): in particular, it is unique and it is based on economically significant capital values (i.e., market-driven values). As such, the AROI significantly expresses the efficiency of the project@?s invested capital.

Natural Products as a Source for Novel Antibiotics

Moloney, M.G. | Trends in pharmacological sciences (v.37 / no.8 / pp.689-701 / 20160165-6147)

Natural products have historically been of crucial importance in the identification and development of antibacterial agents. Interest in these systems has waned in recent

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Natural products have historically been of crucial importance in the identification and development of antibacterial agents. Interest in these systems has waned in recent years, but the rapid emergence of resistant bacterial strains has forced their re-evaluation as a route to identify novel chemical skeletons with antibacterial activity for elaboration in drug development. This overview examines the current situation, highlights new natural product systems which have been found, together with re-examination of some old ones, and new technologies for their identification. While natural products certainly have the potential to re-emerge as a key start-point in antibacterial drug discovery, reports of new or reinvestigated structures need to be supported with sufficient quality chemical (solubility, stability), biochemical (including toxicity in particular, along with target information) and microbiological [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and resistance frequency] validation data to assist in the identification of promising hit structures and to avoid wasted effort from trawling over already cultivated territory. This is particularly important in a resource-limited research environment.

Natural products as zinc-dependent histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Tan, Shuai, Liu, Zhao-Peng | ChemMedChem : Chemistry Enabling Drug Discovery (v.10 / no.3 / pp.441-450 / 20151860-7179)

Zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of hydrolases that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues, play an important role in the regulation of multiple p

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Zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of hydrolases that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues, play an important role in the regulation of multiple processes, from gene expression to protein activity. The dysregulation of HDACs is associated with many diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, cellular metabolism disorders, and inflammation. Molecules that act as HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) exhibit a variety of related bioactivities. In particular, HDACi have been applied clinically for the treatment of cancers. Inhibition through competitive binding of the catalytic domain of these enzymes has been achieved by a diverse array of small-molecule chemotypes, including a number of natural products. This review provides a systematic introduction of natural HDACi, with an emphasis on their enzyme inhibitory potency, selectivity, and biological activities, highlighting their various binding modes with HDACs.

Improving the reliability of real-time output gap estimates using survey forecasts

Galimberti, J.K., Moura, M.L. | International journal of forecasting (v.32 / no.2 / pp.358-373 / 20160169-2070)

Measuring economic activity in real-time is a crucial issue both in applied research and in the decision-making process of policy makers; however, it also poses intricate

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Measuring economic activity in real-time is a crucial issue both in applied research and in the decision-making process of policy makers; however, it also poses intricate challenges to statistical filtering methods that are built to operate optimally when working with an infinite number of observations. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the use of survey forecasts for augmenting such methods, in order to reduce the end-of-sample uncertainty that is observed in the resulting gap estimates. We focus on three filtering methods that are employed commonly in business cycle research: the Hodrick-Prescott filter, unobserved components models, and the band-pass filter. We find that the use of surveys achieves powerful improvements in the real-time reliability of the economic activity measures associated with these filters, and argue that this approach is preferable to model-based forecasts due to both its usually superior accuracy in predicting current and future states of the economy and its parsimony.

Proresolving actions of a new resolvin D1 analog mimetic qualifies as an immunoresolvent

Orr, Sarah K., Colas, Romain A., Dalli, Jesmond, Chiang, Nan, Serhan, Charles N. | American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology (v.308 / no.9 / pp.L904-L911 / 20151040-0605)

Resolution of inflammation is an active process driven by several new families of endogenous lipid mediators collectively coined specialized proresolving mediators (SPM).

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Resolution of inflammation is an active process driven by several new families of endogenous lipid mediators collectively coined specialized proresolving mediators (SPM). Here, we report a synthetic analog of resolvin D1 (RvD1) and aspirin-triggered RvD1, benzo-diacetylenic-17 R -RvD1-methyl ester (BDA-RvD1), which was prepared using fewer steps than required for total organic synthesis of natural SPM. BDA-RvD1 was resistant to further metabolism by human recombinant 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, a major inactivation pathway for RvD1. In ischemia-reperfusion-initiated second organ injury, BDA-RvD1 intravenously (1 #x03BC;g) reduced neutrophil infiltration into the lungs by 58 #x00B1; 9% and was significantly more potent than native RvD1. BDA-RvD1 at 100 ng/mouse also shortened the resolution interval, R i , of Escherichia coli peritonitis with a similar potency as RvD1, by #x223C;57%, from R i 10.5 h to 4.5 h. With isolated human phagocytes, BDA-RvD1 at picomolar concentrations (10 #x2212;12 M) stimulated phagocytosis of zymosan A particles. BDA-RvD1 activated human recombinant G protein-coupled receptor 32/DRV1, an RvD1 receptor, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that, both in vivo in mice and with isolated human cells, BDA-RvD1 shares defining proresolving actions of RvD1, including inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and stimulating phagocytosis. Moreover, they provide evidence for a new analog mimetic and example of an immunoresolvent, namely an agent that stimulates active resolution of inflammation, for a potential new therapeutic class.

Fully Synthetic Self-Adjuvanting alpha;-2,9-Oligosialic Acid Based Conjugate Vaccines against Group C Meningitis

Liao, Guochao, Zhou, Zhifang, Suryawanshi, Sharad, Mondal, Mohabul A., Guo, Zhongwu | ACS central science (v.2 / no.4 / pp.210-218 / 20162374-7943)

alpha;-2,9-Polysialic acid is an important capsular polysaccharide expressed by serotype C Neisseria meningitidis . Its protein conjugates are current vaccines against

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alpha;-2,9-Polysialic acid is an important capsular polysaccharide expressed by serotype C Neisseria meningitidis . Its protein conjugates are current vaccines against group C meningitis. To address some concerns about traditional protein conjugate vaccines, a new type of fully synthetic vaccines composed of oligosialic acids and glycolipids was explored. In this regard, alpha;-2,9-linked di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentasialic acids were prepared and conjugated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Immunological studies of the conjugates in C57BL/6J mouse revealed that they alone elicited robust immune responses comparable to that induced by corresponding protein conjugates plus adjuvant, suggesting the self-adjuvanting properties of MPLA conjugates. The elicited antibodies were mainly IgG2b and IgG2c, suggesting T cell dependent immunities. The antisera had strong and specific binding to alpha;-2,9-oligosialic acids and to group C meningococcal polysaccharide and cell, indicating the ability of antibodies to selectively target the bacteria. The antisera also mediated strong bactericidal activities. Structure ndash;activity relationship analysis of the MPLA conjugates also revealed that the immunogenicity of oligosialic acids decreased with elongated sugar chain, but all tested MPLA conjugates elicited robust immune responses. It is concluded that tri- and tetrasialic acid ndash;MPLA conjugates are worthy of further investigation as the first fully synthetic and self-adjuvanting vaccines against group C meningitis. Fully synthetic alpha;-2,9-oligosialic acid minus;monophosphoryl lipid A conjugates alone provoked robust T cell dependent immunities and are promising self-adjuvanting vaccines against group C meningitis. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info

Community mental health initiatives in Pakistan.

Ali, Gulnar, Lalani, Nasreen S, Charania, Nadia Ali Muhammad Ali | Nursing standard (v.29 / no.22 / pp.44-48 / 20150029-6570)

To identify mental health needs in local communities, and provide and evaluate nurse-led services to promote community mental health in Karachi, Pakistan.

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To identify mental health needs in local communities, and provide and evaluate nurse-led services to promote community mental health in Karachi, Pakistan.

Cinematic Quests for Identity: The Hero's Encounter with the Beast

Lee, Jessica Y. | Cineaste (v.41 / no.2 / pp.76-77 / 20160009-7004)

By bringing a synchronic extrapolation of certain properties of cinema and the phonograph into contact with a diachronic survey of their institutional behavior as realist

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Cinematic homecomings: exile and return in transnational cinema

Hamilton, Emma | Historical journal of film, radio, and television (v.35 / no.4 / pp.677-678 / 20150143-9685)

By bringing a synchronic extrapolation of certain properties of cinema and the phonograph into contact with a diachronic survey of their institutional behavior as realist

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Cinematic Vertigo #x2014;and Enjoyable Once You Relax Into It

Bosch, Jim Vanden | The Gerontologist (v.56 / no.2 / pp.368-369 / 20160016-9013)

By bringing a synchronic extrapolation of certain properties of cinema and the phonograph into contact with a diachronic survey of their institutional behavior as realist

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