- Comparative study of continuum damage mechanics and Mechanics of Porous Media based on multi-mechanism model on Polyamide 6 semi-crystalline polymer
- Jeridi, M., Laiarinandrasana, L., Sai, K. | International journal of solids and structures (v.53 / pp.12-27 / 20150020-7683)
- The biphasic character of semi-crystalline polymer was modeled by the multi-mechanism (MM) constitutive relationships. Here, a comparative study between continuum damage
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The biphasic character of semi-crystalline polymer was modeled by the multi-mechanism (MM) constitutive relationships. Here, a comparative study between continuum damage mechanics (CDM) theory and Mechanics of Porous Media (MPM) approach, both related to the MM model, is performed. This comparison is based upon creep tests conducted on notched round bars made of PA6 semi-crystalline polymer to enhance a multiaxial stress state. For CDM model, the damage is classically described by a unique overall variable whereas the average of the local porosity at each phase level was considered for the MPM model. For each model, the optimization of the set of material's parameters was carried out by combining the overall behavior of notched specimens subjected to creep loading, as well as the local information such as the distribution of porosity. It is found that both CDM and MPM models, each coupled with MM model correctly describe the overall creep behavior of the notched specimen if two damage variables are used. Moreover the MM/MPM model is more relevant for predicting porosity distribution.
- Handling uncertainty in health care management using the cardinality-constrained approach: Advantages and remarks
- | Operations Research for Health Care (v.4 / pp.1-4 / 20152211-6923)
- Different approaches have been proposed in the literature to handle uncertain parameters in health care optimisation problems. Among them, the cardinality-constrained app
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Different approaches have been proposed in the literature to handle uncertain parameters in health care optimisation problems. Among them, the cardinality-constrained approach to robust optimisation seems suitable for handling several of these problems because it allows a trade-off between the level of robustness and the cost of the solution, and an easy implementation that can be understood by clinicians and planners without any background in operations research. Thus far, however, cardinality-constrained approach has rarely been applied to health care. We recently applied the cardinality-constrained approach to two relevant health care management problems, namely, the operating room planning problem and the nurse-to-patient assignment problem in home care services. In this communication, we briefly describe our experience and focus on general considerations, advantages, and remarks that can help operations researchers in evaluating the approach for other applications in health care management.
- Analysis of fixed-time control
- Muralidharan, A., Pedarsani, R., Varaiya, P. | Transportation research Part B, Methodological (v.73 / pp.81-90 / 20150191-2615)
- The paper presents an analysis of the traffic dynamics in a network of signalized intersections. The intersections are regulated by fixed-time (FT) controls, all with the
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The paper presents an analysis of the traffic dynamics in a network of signalized intersections. The intersections are regulated by fixed-time (FT) controls, all with the same cycle length or period, T. The network is modeled as a queuing network. Vehicles arrive from outside the network at entry links in a deterministic periodic stream, also with period T. They take a fixed time to travel along each link, and at the end of the link they join a queue. There is a separate queue at each link for each movement or phase. Vehicles make turns at intersections in fixed proportions, and eventually leave the network, that is, a fraction r(i,j) of vehicles that leave queue i go to queue j and the fraction [1-@? j r(i,j)] leave the network. The storage capacity of the queues is infinite, so there is no spill back. The main contribution of the paper is to show that if the signal controls accommodate the demands then, starting in any initial condition, the network state converges to a unique periodic orbit. Thus, the effect of initial conditions disappears. More precisely, the state of the network at time t is the vector x(t) of all queue lengths, together with the position of vehicles traveling along the links. Suppose that the network is stable, that is, x(t) is bounded. Then (1)there exists a unique periodic trajectory x * , with period T; (2)every trajectory converges to this periodic trajectory; (3)if vehicles do not follow loops, the convergence occurs in finite time. The periodic trajectory determines the performance of the entire network.
- Entrepreneurial Imagination and a Demand and Supply-side Perspective on the MNE and Cross-border Organization
- Jones, G., Pitelis, C. | Journal of international management (v.21 / no.4 / pp.309-321 / 20151075-4253)
- We focus on supply and the under-explored demand-side factors that help explicate cross-border expansion, the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and organization. We explore
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We focus on supply and the under-explored demand-side factors that help explicate cross-border expansion, the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and organization. We explore how appropriability-informed and legacy-shaped entrepreneurial imagination motivates a process of creation and co-creation of the cross-border business context (such as markets, demand, and supporting infrastructures, including business ecosystems), and when feasible the wider institutional, regulatory and even cultural one, that conventional International Business (IB) literature takes as a datum. This is examined conceptually and by drawing on illustrative case examples. We claim that by focusing on agency, learning, intentionality and demand-side factors, our approach complements, and also challenges extant sometimes static, supply-side, agent-agnostic theories of the MNE and helps appreciate better phenomena such as market, demand and value creation, and co-creation, MNEs without firm specific advantages and born-global firms.
- Test Results of the CLIC Damping Wiggler Prototype
- Bragin, Alexey V., Bernhard, Axel, Casalbuoni, Sara, Fajardo, Laura G., Ferracin, Paolo, Grau, Andreas, Gusev, Yevgeny A., Hillenbrand, Steffen, Khrushchev, Sergey V., Poletaev, Iliya V., Shkaruba, Vitalij A., Schoerling, Daniel, Syrovatin, Vassily M., Tarasenko, Olga A., Tsukanov, Valery M., Volkov, Askold A., Zolotarev, Konstantin V., Mezentsev, Nikolay A. | IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity : a publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee (v.26 / no.4 / pp.1-4 / 20161051-8223)
- The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will require ultralow emittance electron and positron beams. Such emittance will be achieved by radiative damping in the CLIC damping r
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The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will require ultralow emittance electron and positron beams. Such emittance will be achieved by radiative damping in the CLIC damping rings that will be realized by a use of high-field short-period superconducting damping wigglers. In the course of the CLIC technical feasibility studies, a full-scale damping wiggler prototype was fabricated in BINP. Main parameters of the wiggler are 51 mm of period, 3 T of magnetic field, 1.8 m of magnetic length, 18 mm of the pole gap, and indirect cooling by LHe. Four cryocoolers were used in the wiggler design, which allow its ordinary operation without LHe consumption. Above the magnetic requirements, the main design challenges for this prototype are scalability, particularly of the cooling concept, modularity, and the capability of sustaining a high radiative heat load. The wiggler powering tests and performance of the cryogenic system are described in this paper.
- Cultural effects on mindreading
- Perez-Zapata, D., Slaughter, V., Henry, J.D. | Cognition (v.146 / pp.410-414 / 20160010-0277)
- People from other cultural backgrounds sometimes seem inscrutable. We identified a potential cause of this phenomenon in two experiments demonstrating that adults' mental
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People from other cultural backgrounds sometimes seem inscrutable. We identified a potential cause of this phenomenon in two experiments demonstrating that adults' mental state inferences are influenced by the cultural identity of the target. We adapted White, Hill, Happe, and Frith's (2009) Strange Stories to create matched intra-cultural and cross-cultural mindreading and control conditions. Experiment 1 showed that Australian participants were faster to respond and received higher scores in the intra-cultural mindreading condition relative to the cross-cultural mindreading condition, but performance in the control conditions was equivalent. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern in independent samples of Australian and Chilean participants. These findings have important implications for cross-cultural communication and understanding.
- WTO negotiates tariff-free trade agreement to protect sealing industry
- | Sealing technology (v.2016 / no.1 / pp.5 / 20161350-4789)
- Representatives of the US-based Fluid Sealing Association (FSA) and the European Sealing Association (ESA) are leading efforts to create a new market access platform for
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Representatives of the US-based Fluid Sealing Association (FSA) and the European Sealing Association (ESA) are leading efforts to create a new market access platform for sealing device technology with the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Environmental Goods Trade Agreement (EGA).
- Nicht-allergische Rhinitis: Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
- Lorenz, A., K uuml, ster, I., Beule, A. G. | Laryngo- rhino- otologie (v.94 / no.12 / pp.847-863 / 20150935-8943)
- Non-allergic rhinitis is a heterogenous group of medical diseases without an IgE-mediated pathophysiology. In this review, typical subgroups are presented with data regar
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Non-allergic rhinitis is a heterogenous group of medical diseases without an IgE-mediated pathophysiology. In this review, typical subgroups are presented with data regarding their frequency, clinical symptoms and recommendations for an effective and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approach are indicated. The most common subtype is the non-allergic rhinopathy, also known as idiopathic or vasomotoric rhinitis. Because medication induced rhinitis is still a frequent clinical problem, a step wise approach to wean the patient is presented.
- Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs
- Murray, M., Hraiki, A., Bebawy, M., Pazderka, C., Rawling, T. | Pharmacology therapeutics (v.150 / pp.109-128 / 20150163-7258)
- Lipids have the potential for development as anticancer agents. Endogenous membrane lipids, such as ceramides and certain saturated fatty acids, have been found to modula
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Lipids have the potential for development as anticancer agents. Endogenous membrane lipids, such as ceramides and certain saturated fatty acids, have been found to modulate the viability of tumor cells. In addition, many tumors over-express cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or cytochrome P450 enzymes that mediate the biotransformation of omega;-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to potent eicosanoid regulators of tumor cell proliferation and cell death. In contrast, several analogous products from the biotransformation of omega;-3 PUFAs impair particular tumorigenic pathways. For example, the omega;-3 17,18-epoxide of eicosapentaenoic acid activates anti-proliferative and proapoptotic signaling cascades in tumor cells and the lipoxygenase-derived resolvins are effective inhibitors of inflammatory pathways that may drive tumor expansion. However, the development of potential anti-cancer drugs based on these molecules is complex, with in vivo stability a major issue. Nevertheless, recent successes with the antitumor alkyl phospholipids, which are synthetic analogues of naturally-occurring membrane phospholipid esters, have provided the impetus for development of further molecules. The alkyl phospholipids have been tested against a range of cancers and show considerable activity against skin cancers and certain leukemias. Very recently, it has been shown that combination strategies, in which alkyl phospholipids are used in conjunction with established anticancer agents, are promising new therapeutic approaches. In future, the evaluation of new lipid-based molecules in single-agent and combination treatments may also be assessed. This could provide a range of important treatment options in the management of advanced and metastatic cancer.
- Memory, imagination and the human spirit
- Welker, Michael | Memory studies (v.9 / no.3 / pp.341-347 / 20161750-6980)
- Learning from economic theory, the article proposes to differentiate and relate (episodic) micro-memory and micro-imagination and different types of macro-memory and macr
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Learning from economic theory, the article proposes to differentiate and relate (episodic) micro-memory and micro-imagination and different types of macro-memory and macro-imagination. Drawing on several decades of discourse in historical and cultural studies (from Halbwachs to Le #x0301;vi-Strauss and to A. and J. Assmann), it differentiates between communicative, cultural, collective and canonical memories. With reference to basic processes of moral communication and a more complex understanding of the human spirit than the one offered in the long tradition of post-Aristotelian thought, it sketches a route towards relating micro- and macro-memories and normative imaginations.
- Impurity migration and effects on vacancy formation enthalpy in polycrystalline depleted uranium
- Lund, K.R., Lynn, K.G., Weber, M.H., Macchi, C., Somoza, A., Juan, A., Okuniewski, M.A. | Journal of nuclear materials = Journal des mat eacute;riaux nucl eacute;aires (v.466 / pp.343-350 / 20150022-3115)
- We have used Doppler-broadening of the positron-electron annihilation radiation technique and VASP calculations to verify the previously reported vacancy formation enthal
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We have used Doppler-broadening of the positron-electron annihilation radiation technique and VASP calculations to verify the previously reported vacancy formation enthalpy H v f in polycrystalline depleted uranium. Experimentally we have confirmed a H v f of (1.6 +/- 0.2) eV. VASP calculations using GGA and LDA approximations gave vacancy formation enthalpies values of 1.98 eV and 2.22 eV respectively. We found residual oxygen in the sample diminished these values by 50% or more. Our new experimental and theoretical data supports the notion that oxygen impurities in the sample are responsible for lower values of vacancy formation enthalpies. Measured and calculated vacancy formation enthalpies, as well as the obtained oxygen migration enthalpy of (0.6 +/- 0.1) eV, are compared and discussed with values reported in the literature.
- Evaluating the robustness of temporal networks considering spatiality of connections
- Lu, X., Wang, H., Deng, Y. | Chaos, solitons, and fractals (v.78 / pp.176-184 / 20150960-0779)
- Network robustness has been a hot research area of studies on complex networks. Finding out the explanations behind the phenomena that networked systems can still functio
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Network robustness has been a hot research area of studies on complex networks. Finding out the explanations behind the phenomena that networked systems can still function efficiently after some structural damages or the malfunction of certain nodes is meaningful to both the design of solid systems and the defend against failures. It is still indistinct what kind of resilience networked systems which change their topological structures incessantly over time might have. Nevertheless, earlier studies have frequently overlooked to consider the temporal characteristics which in many real scenarios are of great concern, or have considered only the temporality without spatiality which is not reasonable in the real world case. In this paper, we first take the spatiality of connections and communications between nodes, except for the temporal ordering of connection events which has solely been noticed by previous studies, into consideration for measuring and assessing the robustness of the temporal network. We propose a novel temporal efficiency metric, and correspondingly, develop a new temporal robustness evaluation method for temporal network models. The proposed metric and method show their validity through numerical simulations of three temporal network models and we give our evaluations and discussions.
- Interaction of Human Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) with Lipid Bilayers: A Fluorescence Study
- Hare, Joanna E., Goodchild, Sophia C., Breit, Samuel N., Curmi, Paul M. G., Brown, Louise J. | Biochemistry (v.55 / no.27 / pp.3825-3833 / 20160006-2960)
- Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S -transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipi
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Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S -transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipid bilayers to form an ion channel. The conversion between these forms involves a large, but reversible, structural rearrangement of the CLIC1 module. The only identified environmental triggers controlling the metamorphic transition of CLIC1 are pH and oxidation. Until now, there have been no high-resolution structural data available for the CLIC1 integral membrane state, and consequently, a limited understanding of how CLIC1 unfolds and refolds across the bilayer to form a membrane protein with ion channel activity exists. Here we show that fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to establish the interaction and position of CLIC1 in a lipid bilayer. Our method employs a fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) approach between CLIC1 and a dansyl-labeled lipid analogue to probe the CLIC1 ndash;lipid interface. Under oxidizing conditions, a strong FRET signal between the single tryptophan residue of CLIC1 (Trp35) and the dansyl-lipid analogue was detected. When considering the proportion of CLIC1 interacting with the lipid bilayer, as estimated by fluorescence quenching experiments, the FRET distance between Trp35 and the dansyl moiety on the membrane surface was determined to be sim;15 A. This FRET-detected interaction provides direct structural evidence that CLIC1 associates with membranes. The results presented support the current model of an oxidation-driven interaction of CLIC1 with lipid bilayers and also propose a membrane anchoring role for Trp35. Graphic Abstract
- Functional analysis of TPM domain containing Rv2345 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies its phosphatase activity
- Sinha, A., Eniyan, K., Sinha, S., Lynn, A.M., Bajpai, U. | Protein expression and purification (v.111 / pp.23-27 / 20151046-5928)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causal agent of tuberculosis, the second largest infectious disease. With the rise of multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculo
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causal agent of tuberculosis, the second largest infectious disease. With the rise of multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, serious challenge lies ahead of us in treating the disease. The availability of complete genome sequence of Mtb has improved the scope for identifying new proteins that would not only further our understanding of biology of the organism but could also serve to discover new drug targets. In this study, Rv2345, a hypothetical membrane protein of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, which is reported to be a putative ortholog of ZipA cell division protein has been assigned function through functional annotation using bioinformatics tools followed by experimental validation. Sequence analysis showed Rv2345 to have a TPM domain at its N-terminal region and predicted it to have phosphatase activity. The TPM domain containing region of Rv2345 was cloned and expressed using pET28a vector in Escherichia coli and purified by Nickel affinity chromatography. The purified TPM domain was tested in vitro and our results confirmed it to have phosphatase activity. The enzyme activity was first checked and optimized with pNPP as substrate, followed by using ATP, which was also found to be used as substrate by the purified protein. Hence sequence analysis followed by in vitro studies characterizes TPM domain of Rv2345 to contain phosphatase activity.
- Steroid biosynthesis in adipose tissue
- Li, J., Papadopoulos, V., Vihma, V. | Steroids (v.103 / pp.89-104 / 20150039-128x)
- Tissue-specific expression of steroidogenic enzymes allows the modulation of active steroid levels in a local manner. Thus, the measurement of local steroid concentration
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Tissue-specific expression of steroidogenic enzymes allows the modulation of active steroid levels in a local manner. Thus, the measurement of local steroid concentrations, rather than the circulating levels, has been recognized as a more accurate indicator of the steroid action within a specific tissue. Adipose tissue, one of the largest endocrine tissues in the human body, has been established as an important site for steroid storage and metabolism. Locally produced steroids, through the enzymatic conversion from steroid precursors delivered to adipose tissue, have been proven to either functionally regulate adipose tissue metabolism, or quantitatively contribute to the whole body's steroid levels. Most recently, it has been suggested that adipose tissue may contain the steroidogenic machinery necessary for the initiation of steroid biosynthesis de novo from cholesterol. This review summarizes the evidence indicating the presence of the entire steroidogenic apparatus in adipose tissue and discusses the potential roles of local steroid products in modulating adipose tissue activity and other metabolic parameters.
- Influence of oxygen impurities on growth morphology, structure and mechanical properties of Ti-Al-N thin films
- Riedl, H., Koller, C.M., Munnik, F., Hutter, H., Mendez Martin, F., Rachbauer, R., Kolozsvari, S., Bartosik, M., Mayrhofer, P.H. | Thin solid films (v.603 / pp.39-49 / 20160040-6090)
- Unintended impurities, such as oxygen, can significantly influence the growth morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of many materials. Therefore, we study the
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Unintended impurities, such as oxygen, can significantly influence the growth morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of many materials. Therefore, we study the origin and impact of oxygen impurities (between ~0.3 and 1.3at.%) on sputtered Ti 1-x Al x N thin films by using targets with three different oxygen impurity levels and modifying the deposition conditions such as the base pressure. The oxygen impurity content of our coatings was always (by around ge;0.1at.%) above that of the target used. Detailed atom probe tomography as well as secondary ion mass spectroscopy indicate a homogeneous distribution of the oxygen impurities in the intermediated regions of our face centered cubic structured Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N coatings. Except for higher oxygen levels at the interface to the substrate, which is more pronounced when the target is not sputter-cleaned prior to the deposition, and at the coating surface, there are no detectable oxygen variations at the grain or column boundaries. Based on our results we can conclude that the growth orientation of our coatings changes from random (for the cleanest coatings with ~0.3at.% O) to pronounced 111 (for the coatings with the highest oxygen content of ~1.3at.% O) with increasing oxygen impurity content. Thereby, also the coherently diffracting crystallite sizes increase from around 35 to 100nm, the growth morphology changes from dense columnar grains to more open, porous columnar grains, and thus the hardness decreases from around 35 to 20GPa. Our study highlights the importance of well-defined deposition conditions and high quality targets for developing high performance thin films.
- Allergic rhinitis prevalence survey and its management in a cohort of 500 students
- El Bousaadani, A., Benbakh, M., Zouak, A., Allouane, A., Abada, R., Rouadi, S., Roubal, M., Mahtar, M. | Revue fran ccedil;aise d'allergologie (v.55 / no.5 / pp.341-346 / 20151877-0312)
- The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the young population of Casablanca in Morocco. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-
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The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the young population of Casablanca in Morocco. Patients and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a cohort of students to medical school. Francophone anonymous self-questionnaire is validated by ISAAC. Probability sampling is stratified cluster. Informed consent is always required. The skin prick-tests were performed in case of allergic rhinitis suspicion. The study period is between March and May 2012. The variables studied are sociodemographic, environment, atopy and clinical signs. Statistical analysis was made by the Epi-info software. Results: We selected 500 students. The average age was 22 years (SD: 2.62). The sex-ratio M/F was 0.4. Students are divided into three groups: with allergic rhinitis without allergic rhinitis and doubtful cases reversed by two negative skin tests. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in our study was of 40%. Atopic personal ground was found in 60%. Our patients are classified according to ''ARIA'' as slightly intermittent allergic rhinitis in 42%, 40% mild persistent, moderate to severe persistent in 18% of cases. Conclusion: We propose to consider another epidemiological investigation in the off-season from March to May on a representative sample drawn from the same population of Casablanca to increase the power of the results and to extrapolate them widely.
- Proresolving actions of a new resolvin D1 analog mimetic qualifies as an immunoresolvent
- Orr, Sarah K., Colas, Romain A., Dalli, Jesmond, Chiang, Nan, Serhan, Charles N. | American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology (v.308 / no.9 / pp.L904-L911 / 20151040-0605)
- Resolution of inflammation is an active process driven by several new families of endogenous lipid mediators collectively coined specialized proresolving mediators (SPM).
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Resolution of inflammation is an active process driven by several new families of endogenous lipid mediators collectively coined specialized proresolving mediators (SPM). Here, we report a synthetic analog of resolvin D1 (RvD1) and aspirin-triggered RvD1, benzo-diacetylenic-17 R -RvD1-methyl ester (BDA-RvD1), which was prepared using fewer steps than required for total organic synthesis of natural SPM. BDA-RvD1 was resistant to further metabolism by human recombinant 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, a major inactivation pathway for RvD1. In ischemia-reperfusion-initiated second organ injury, BDA-RvD1 intravenously (1 #x03BC;g) reduced neutrophil infiltration into the lungs by 58 #x00B1; 9% and was significantly more potent than native RvD1. BDA-RvD1 at 100 ng/mouse also shortened the resolution interval, R i , of Escherichia coli peritonitis with a similar potency as RvD1, by #x223C;57%, from R i 10.5 h to 4.5 h. With isolated human phagocytes, BDA-RvD1 at picomolar concentrations (10 #x2212;12 M) stimulated phagocytosis of zymosan A particles. BDA-RvD1 activated human recombinant G protein-coupled receptor 32/DRV1, an RvD1 receptor, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that, both in vivo in mice and with isolated human cells, BDA-RvD1 shares defining proresolving actions of RvD1, including inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and stimulating phagocytosis. Moreover, they provide evidence for a new analog mimetic and example of an immunoresolvent, namely an agent that stimulates active resolution of inflammation, for a potential new therapeutic class.