- Flame-retardant recycled bamboo chopstick fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) green composites via multifunctional additive system
- Wang, Y.Y., Shih, Y.F. | Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (v.65 / pp.452-458 / 20161876-1070)
- In this study, recycled bamboo chopstick fiber and nano-clay are utilized to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biodegradable plastic. The chopstick fiber and nano-clay ar
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In this study, recycled bamboo chopstick fiber and nano-clay are utilized to reinforce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biodegradable plastic. The chopstick fiber and nano-clay are surface modified with a coupling agent and grafted onto the side chains of the PLA to enhance the compatibility between the reinforcements and the PLA, and to improve the mechanical properties of the PLA. Moreover, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG) are added as flame-retardants. The results show that the UL-94 flame test of the composites achieves a V-1 or V-0 grade according to the different composition of the flame-retardants. SEM analysis reveals that the interfacial adhesion of the composite is effectively enhanced after the surface modification of the fiber. The increments of tensile and impact strengths of the composites reach 14.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Thermal analyses show that the thermal stability is significantly improved, and the increment of heat distortion temperature can reach 102%. The resulting green composites are not only flame retardant, but also have good thermal and mechanical properties.
- OEE enhancement in SMEs through mobile maintenance: a TPM concept
- Jain, Abhishek, Bhatti, Rajbir S., Singh, Harwinder | The International journal of quality reliability management (v.32 / no.5 / pp.503-516 / 20150265-671x)
- Purpose ndash; The purpose of this paper is to introduce mobile maintenance a new concept of total productive maintenance (TPM) implementation practice, especially in s
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Purpose ndash; The purpose of this paper is to introduce mobile maintenance a new concept of total productive maintenance (TPM) implementation practice, especially in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). This study tries to introduce this new concept for SMEs in SMEs to help traditional maintenance program which is already available in particular industries. Design/methodology/approach ndash; The approach is to study the role of mobile maintenance (a part of TPM program) in context of Indian industries either from small and medium scale to large scale industries through overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). Findings ndash; Researchers evolutes a new maintenance concept of TPM implementation practice as mobile maintenance concept in SMEs for enhancing OEE of equipments to improve competitiveness of SMEs in a globalized market. This mobile maintenance strategy can reduce major breakdowns, setup and adjustment losses and improve productivity, product quality and OEE of equipments. Research limitations/implications ndash; In the dynamic and highly challenging environment, reliable manufacturing equipments are regarded as the major contributor to the performance and profitability of manufacturing systems. A researcher has found that some SMEs of Banmore industrial areas is also using mobile maintenance and preventive maintenance along with traditional maintenance process and getting improvements in the maintenance process as well as machine reliability and OEE of equipments. After the globalization of market, SMEs has got many opportunities to work on integration with large-scale organizations. Originality/value ndash; It will be very benefitted for the Indian SMEs. SMEs can improve machine availability and OEE by implementing this mobile maintenance concept especially in SMEs.
- The WTO at 20: an economist rsquo;s perspective
- Prusa, Thomas J | Journal of international trade law policy (v.14 / no.3 / pp.126-128 / 20151477-0024)
- Purpose ndash; This paper aims to clarify the role that economic methodology and approach can help the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body (AB)make better dec
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Purpose ndash; This paper aims to clarify the role that economic methodology and approach can help the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body (AB)make better decisions. The author discusses two prominent disputes to demonstrate how economics could have resulted in improved AB decision. First, there is the question of whether countervailing duties can continue to be imposed subsequent to privatization of state-owned enterprises. Second, there is the frequently challenged zeroing issue. Design/methodology/approach ndash; The author uses a case study method. He reviews the details of specific disputes and explains how standard microeconomic methods would have produced greater clarity in the determinations and hence promoted a more efficient dispute resolution process. Findings ndash; In this commentary, however, the author addresses a frustration with the AB, namely, the reluctance of the AB to embrace economics in its decision-making. He argues that economic methods would produce superior determinations. Originality/value ndash; This paper fulfils an identified need to document how economic methods would have led to better AB decisions.
- Community Mental Health Nursing
- Andersen, Birgit | Psych. Pflege heute (v.21 / no.2 / pp.99-100 / 20150949-1619)
- Birgit Andersen ist GeschAftsfUhrerin der Bezirks-Psychiatrie/Community Mental Health auf den FArOer-Inseln. Sie beschreibt indiesem Artikel die Entwicklung der stationAr
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Birgit Andersen ist GeschAftsfUhrerin der Bezirks-Psychiatrie/Community Mental Health auf den FArOer-Inseln. Sie beschreibt indiesem Artikel die Entwicklung der stationAren in die gemeindeintegrierten Dienste in der Behandlung und Pflege psychischerkrankter Menschen auf den FArOer-Inseln. Eine Entwicklung, wie sie stellvertretend fUr verschiedene LAnder vorausgesagt wird,die jedoch nicht so einfach umzusetzen ist.
- The view from outside : On a distinctively cinematic achievement
- De Caro, Mario, Terrone, Enrico | Philosophy social criticism (v.42 / no.2 / pp.154-170 / 20160191-4537)
- What aesthetic interest do we have in watching films? In a much debated paper, Roger Scruton argued that this interest typically comes down to the interest in the dramati
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What aesthetic interest do we have in watching films? In a much debated paper, Roger Scruton argued that this interest typically comes down to the interest in the dramatic representations recorded by such films. Berys Gaut and Catharine Abell criticized Scruton #x2019;s argument by claiming that films can elicit an aesthetic interest also by virtue of their pictorial representation. In this article, we develop a different criticism of Scruton #x2019;s argument. In our view, a film can elicit an aesthetic interest that does not come down to an interest in the dramatic representation or in the pictorial representation. We will argue that this is a distinctively cinematic interest. In section I we outline Scruton #x2019;s argument. In section II we point out an interest in how the cinematic medium presents the portrayed subject as detached from the spectator #x2019;s environment. In section III, by referring to Wittgenstein #x2019;s account of the contemplation from outside, we contend that the interest in films introduced in section II can count as an aesthetic interest. In section IV we argue that both documentaries and fiction films can elicit this kind of interest. In section V we compare the three different kinds of aesthetic interest that, in our view, a film can elicit. In section VI we describe the corresponding kinds of cinematic achievements.
- The XXVI Magnetic Recording Conference 2015 Foreword
- Piramanayagam, S. N., van Ek, Jan | IEEE transactions on magnetics (v.52 / no.2 / pp.1-1 / 20160018-9464)
- On behalf of the organizing committee of the XXVI Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) 2015, we are pleased to present selected invited papers from the conference in this
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On behalf of the organizing committee of the XXVI Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) 2015, we are pleased to present selected invited papers from the conference in this issue of the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. The conference was held at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, from August 17 to 19, 2015. The hard work and hospitality of the hosting institution and all the committee members in making this event so successful are greatly appreciated. TMRC is an annual meeting of the magnetic recording community, organized under the auspices of the IEEE Magnetics Society, with a format of all invited oral presentations. An evening poster session of the invited and contributed papers enhances further discussion between the speakers and the participants.
- A Simple Card Game To Teach Synthesis in Organic Chemistry Courses
- Farmer, Steven C., Schuman, Molly K. | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.4 / pp.695-698 / 20160021-9584)
- The sheer number of reactions covered in an undergraduate organic chemistry course can be overwhelming. Students are expected to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of these
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The sheer number of reactions covered in an undergraduate organic chemistry course can be overwhelming. Students are expected to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of these reactions in order to understand the logic of organic synthesis. A method that allows students to systematically solve organic synthesis problems without memorizing dozens of reactions would be beneficial. Two new card games, Synthesis and Synthetic Dominos, have been developed using a variation of traditional flash cards. Both of these games allow players to develop the logical skills needed to solve organic synthesis problems, review organic functional groups, and review reaction reagents. The first game, Synthesis, is a solitaire game that uses reaction cards to link up a starting material and target by connecting functional group conversions. The game play mimics the process used to solve synthesis problems. The second game, Synthetic Dominos, is a single-player or multiplayer game that has a gameplay similar to that of Dominos. An initial functional group card is dealt, and then players play their cards to build off this initial card. Strings of functional group conversions develop as the game progresses. These games are an excellent method of developing the logic for solving synthesis problems and reviewing organic reactions. These games are especially effective in lower-division organic chemistry courses, upper-division organic synthesis courses, and preparing for placement exams, such as the MCAT and ACS. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Chloride accelerated Fenton chemistry for the ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric detection of copper
- Shan, Zhi, Lu, Mingsheng, Wang, Li, MacDonald, Bruce, MacInnis, Judy, Mkandawire, Martin, Zhang, Xu, Oakes, Ken D. | Chemical communications : Chem comm (v.52 / no.10 / pp.2087-2090 / 20161359-7345)
- A highly selective, ultrasensitive (visual and instrumental detection limits of 40 nM and 0.1 nM, respectively), environmentally-friendly, simple and rapid colorimetric s
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A highly selective, ultrasensitive (visual and instrumental detection limits of 40 nM and 0.1 nM, respectively), environmentally-friendly, simple and rapid colorimetric sensor was developed for the detection of copper( II ) in water. This sensor is based on a novel signal-amplification mechanism involving reactive halide species (RHSs) including chlorides or bromides, which accelerate copper Fenton reactions oxidizing the chromogenic substrate to develop colour. The results of this study expand our understanding of copper-based Fenton chemistry. Graphic Abstract Chloride accelerates copper based Fenton Chemistry resulting in dramatically increased amount of Reactive Oxygen and Chloride Species.
- Community mental health: a brief, global perspective
- Abdulmalik, J., Thornicroft, G. | Neurology, psychiatry, and brain research (v.22 / no.2 / pp.101-104 / 20160941-9500)
- There is increasing realization of the magnitude of the disease burden attributable to mental, neurological and substance use disorders globally. This impact is dispropor
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There is increasing realization of the magnitude of the disease burden attributable to mental, neurological and substance use disorders globally. This impact is disproportionately distributed, with slightly more than two thirds of this burden being situated within low and middle income countries. Furthermore, in both developed and developing countries, a significant treatment gap exists, but is greater in developing countries. Disparities in available financial and human resources for the provision of mental health services also exist, both across and within countries and regions of the world. Despite this evidence, and the calls for urgent reform of mental health services globally, several key barriers continue to hinder progress. These include reduced access to services, inequalities in resource distribution, and stigma and discrimination. A 'balanced model of care' that takes into cognizance, the available resources and context; advances a task sharing approach and recommends the increased utilization of community mental health services, is a pragmatic approach that can help to surmount these barriers. Additional drivers of change, that can enhance the implementation of this approach are also presented and discussed.
- Scene text recognition by learning co-occurrence of strokes based on spatiality embedded dictionary
- Song Gao, Chunheng Wang, Baihua Xiao, Cunzhao Shi, Wen Zhou, Zhong Zhang | IET computer vision (v.9 / no.1 / pp.138-148 / 20151751-9632)
- Text information contained in scene images is very helpful for high-level image understanding. In this study, the authors propose to learn co-occurrence of local strokes
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Text information contained in scene images is very helpful for high-level image understanding. In this study, the authors propose to learn co-occurrence of local strokes for scene text recognition by using a spatiality embedded dictionary (SED). Unlike spatial pyramid partitioning images into grids to incorporate spatial information, the authors SED associates every codeword with a particular response region and introduces more precise spatial information for robust character recognition. After localised soft coding and max pooling of the first layer, a sparse dictionary is learned to model co-occurrence of several local strokes, which further improves classification performance. Experimental results on two scene character recognition datasets ICDAR2003 and CHARS74 K demonstrate that their character recognition method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Besides, competitive word recognition results are also reported for four benchmark word recognition datasets ICDAR2003, ICDAR2011, ICDAR2013 and street view text when combining their character recognition method with a conditional random field language model.
- Benzodi(pyridothiophene): a novel acceptor unit for application in A1 ndash;A ndash;A1 type photovoltaic small molecules
- Chen, Jianhua, Xiao, Manjun, Duan, Linrui, Wang, Qiong, Tan, Hua, Su, Ning, Liu, Yu, Yang, Renqiang, Zhu, Weiguo | Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP (v.18 / no.3 / pp.1507-1515 / 20161463-9076)
- A series of novel A 1 ndash;A ndash;A 1 type small molecules (SMs) of BDPT-2BT , BDPT-2FBT and BDPT-2DPP were designed and synthesized, in which benzodi(pyrido
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A series of novel A 1 ndash;A ndash;A 1 type small molecules (SMs) of BDPT-2BT , BDPT-2FBT and BDPT-2DPP were designed and synthesized, in which benzodi(pyridothiophene) ( BDPT ) was used as a novel weak central acceptor (A) unit, and benzothiadiazole (BT), fluorinated benzothiadiazole (FBT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) were used as terminal acceptor (A 1 ) units, respectively. The pentacyclic BDPT aromatic unit can form big conjugated and planar SMs with the A 1 unit, resulting in enhanced pi; ndash; pi; stacking and crystallinity. The effect of the A 1 unit on the optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of three SMs was observed. The broader absorption spectrum, lower HOMO energy level, higher photo-response efficiency and better photovoltaic properties were exhibited for BDPT-2DPP . A maximum PCE of 3.97% with a V oc of 0.84 V, a J sc of 9.0 mA cm minus;2 and a FF of 52.37% was obtained in the BDPT-2DPP /PC 71 BM-based solar cells, which is 1.8 and 1.5 times the values of the BDPT-2BT and BDPT-2FBT -based cells, respectively. Graphic Abstract BDPT-2DPP containing a new building block of benzodi(pyridothiophene) (BDPT) and two diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units showed a PCE of 3.97% in their photovoltaic devices.
- Die Netzwerk-Metaanalyse in der KieferorthopAdie: Die nAchste Ebene der Evidenzsynthese?
- Pandis, N., Spineli, L. M. | Informationen aus Orthodontie und Kieferorthop auml;die : mit Beitr auml;gen aus der internationalen Literatur (v.47 / no.1 / pp.57-59 / 20150020-0336)
- Clinical decision should be based on findings from high quality clinical trials and systematic reviews. Traditional systematic reviews, where applicable, combine individu
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Clinical decision should be based on findings from high quality clinical trials and systematic reviews. Traditional systematic reviews, where applicable, combine individual trial results from the same interventions to give more precise estimates of treatment effects. However, in the presence of multiple interventions for the same condition it is difficult to determine which the best treatment is as treatment effects are combined only from trials using the same comparisons. Recent advancements in data synthesis under the network meta-analysis (NMA) framework have allowed to assess the effect of various interventions for the same condition simultaneously and has enabled ranking of those interventions in terms of efficiency. NMA is very new in dentistry and orthodontics and can be an important tool in evidence based orthodontics.
- Semi-crystalline terpolymers with varying chain sequence structures derived from CO2, cyclohexene oxide and ?-caprolactone: one-step synthesis catalyzed by tri-zinc complexes
- Xu, Y., Wang, S., Lin, L., Xiao, M., Meng, Y. | Polymer chemistry (v.6 / no.9 / pp.1533-1540 / 20151759-9954)
- A series of poly(oligooxyethyleneoxy-1,2-phenylene)s having the formula [graphic omitted] where n = 2, 3 and 5, have been synthesised with molecular weights of ca. 1
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- The relationship between socio-economic status and access to eye health services in the UK: a systematic review
- Knight, A., Lindfield, R. | Public health (v.129 / no.2 / pp.94-102 / 20150033-3506)
- Abstract Objectives Lower socio-economic status has been shown to adversely affect access to general health care. This study aims to determine the existence and nature
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Abstract Objectives Lower socio-economic status has been shown to adversely affect access to general health care. This study aims to determine the existence and nature of an association between socio-economic status and access to eye health services in the UK. Study design Systematic review. Methods Search terms were run in four databases and reviewed against a pre-agreed set of inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Quality of studies was assessed according to calculations of statistical significance, size of effect, primary research question and a quality score against an adapted STROBE checklist. Results Good quality studies included in the review most commonly concluded that lower socio-economic groups had less access to eye health services than higher socio-economic groups. However there were a comparable number of studies that concluded that there was no association. This discrepancy was largely attributed to different ways of measuring socio-economic status, access, and types of eye health services, and so studies did not compare the same thing. The evidence base was of low quality, limiting the ability of this review to make definitive conclusions. Conclusions The review concluded that there is equal and weak evidence of lower socio-economic groups having reduced access to eye health services in the UK, and there being no association. This subject would benefit from further research to improve the quality of the evidence base. Highlights There were few high quality studies exploring this association. There were few studies from the highstreet or tertiary services. There were issues with the heterogeneity between studies meaning that comparison was difficult. Further research on this topic would support improved service planning.
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in cooking oil and related products from China
- Cao, Y., Harada, K.H., Liu, W., Yan, J., Zhao, C., Niisoe, T., Adachi, A., Fujii, Y., Nouda, C., Takasuga, T., Koizumi, A. | Chemosphere (v.138 / pp.104-111 / 20150045-6535)
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants. It has been found that dietary intakes of SCCPs in China have recently increased and
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Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants. It has been found that dietary intakes of SCCPs in China have recently increased and are now higher than in Japan and Korea. The contribution of cooking oil to dietary exposure to SCCPs in China was evaluated by analyzing SCCPs in cooking oil, raw seeds used to produce cooking oil, and fried confectionery products collected in China in 2010 and 2012. Detectable amounts of SCCP homologs were found in 48 out of the 49 cooking oil samples analyzed, and the SCCP concentrations varied widely, from -1 . Estimated dietary intakes of total SCCPs in cooking oil ranged from -1 . The estimated dietary intake of SCCPs was relatively high (mean 14.8 mu;gd -1 ) for residents of Beijing. Fried confectionery was found to contain SCCP concentrations of 11-1000ngg -1 . Cooking oil might therefore be one of the sources of SCCPs to Chinese diets. SCCPs were also detected in raw seeds used to produce cooking oil, but the concentrations varied widely. The SCCP homolog patterns in the raw seed and cooking oil samples were different, implying that the seeds used to produce the oil (and therefore the soil on which the seeds were produced) were unlikely to be the sources of SCCPs in cooking oil. Further investigations are needed to determine the routes through which cooking oil becomes contaminated with SCCPs during the production and processing of the oil.
- Regulatory convergence and dispute settlement in the WTO
- Meagher, Niall | Journal of international trade law policy (v.14 / no.3 / pp.157-162 / 20151477-0024)
- Purpose ndash; This paper aims to examine the issues faced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system in disputes involving questions of regulatory
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Purpose ndash; This paper aims to examine the issues faced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system in disputes involving questions of regulatory convergence. The traditional focus of the WTO has been on increasing market access and eliminating discrimination in trade. Now, as tariffs have been all but eliminated and Members rarely impose obviously discriminatory trade barriers, attention increasingly turns to questions of regulatory convergence. Leaving aside questions as to the overall benefits of regulatory convergence between markets, these developments pose a significant challenge to the organs of the WTO dispute settlement ndash; and it is here that this paper focuses. Design/methodology/approach ndash; While General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO law has fairly well-developed tools for identifying discrimination in trade, the tools necessary for assessing whether regulatory measures maintain the requisite balance or proportionality between sovereign/domestic concerns and trade concerns are less clear. The paper discusses this latter point. Findings ndash; The WTO agreements are frequently not clear on where or how this balance between sovereign/domestic concerns and trade concerns is to be determined. To date, WTO panels and the Appellate Body have preferred to focus on whether they can identify any discriminatory aspects of a measure. However, they will increasingly be called to pronounce on non-discriminatory regulatory policy choices of Members. Originality/value ndash; This paper contributes to the literature on the Appellate Body, and argues that Members will need to develop a credible and consistent balance between policy space and trade restrictiveness.
- The postapocalyptic imagination
- Doyle, Briohny | Thesis eleven (v.131 / no.1 / pp.99-113 / 20150725-5136)
- Apocalypse as a literary genre, as well as a political and religious agenda, has been criticized by writers such as Lee Quinby and Katherine Keller for its formula, which
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Apocalypse as a literary genre, as well as a political and religious agenda, has been criticized by writers such as Lee Quinby and Katherine Keller for its formula, which tends toward punishment for transgression and salvation of an elect. These same writers critique postapocalypse for its propensity for nihilism and portrayal of a human species #x2018;beyond redemption #x2019;. But perhaps it is precisely this refusal to redeem that endows postapocalypse with dangerous possibilities. The postapocalypse does not have to be considered (and subsequently neutralized) via the same moral underpinnings that structure apocalypse. This paper frames postapocalypse not as a literature of pessimism or warning but as a radical context to explore dangerous possibilities without rehearsing apocalypse #x2019;s characteristic damnation, salvation and enforcement of a horizon of revelation that simultaneously works to obliterate aberrant possibilities. In order to explore these claims, the process of thinking beyond revelation in apocalypse is defined here as #x2018;the postapocalyptic imagination #x2019;. Its expressions are found in postapocalyptic texts, but also in other kinds of texts that respond to, and in some cases resist, the teleological drive of late capitalist narratives of endless progress. The postapocalyptic world is host to mutations, amalgamations and strange appropriations of forms and ideas left in the wreckage beyond the end. It is the task of the postapocalyptic imagination to explore what possibilities these #x2018;abominations #x2019; might offer. This paper considers the motifs, characters and settings of postapocalyptic texts, alongside some of the anxieties and critiques they express.
- Chloride channels in cancer: Focus on chloride intracellular channel 1 and 4 (CLIC1 AND CLIC4) proteins in tumor development and as novel therapeutic targets
- Peretti, M., Angelini, M., Savalli, N., Florio, T., Yuspa, S.H., Mazzanti, M. | Biochimica et biophysica acta, Biomembranes (v.1848 / no.10 / pp.2523-2531 / 20150005-2736)
- In recent decades, growing scientific evidence supports the role of ion channels in the development of different cancers. Both potassium selective pores and chloride perm
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In recent decades, growing scientific evidence supports the role of ion channels in the development of different cancers. Both potassium selective pores and chloride permeabilities are considered the most active channels during tumorigenesis. High rate of proliferation, active migration, and invasiveness into non-neoplastic tissues are specific properties of neoplastic transformation. All these actions require partial or total involvement of chloride channel activity. In this context, this class of membrane proteins could represent valuable therapeutic targets for the treatment of resistant tumors. However, this encouraging premise has not so far produced any valid new channel-targeted antitumoral molecule for cancer treatment. Problematic for drug design targeting ion channels is their vital role in normal cells for essential physiological functions. By targeting these membrane proteins involved in pathological conditions, it is inevitable to cause relevant side effects in healthy organs. In light of this, a new protein family, the chloride intracellular channels (CLICs), could be a promising class of therapeutic targets for its intrinsic individualities: CLIC1 and CLIC4, in particular, not only are overexpressed in specific tumor types or their corresponding stroma but also change localization and function from hydrophilic cytosolic to integral transmembrane proteins as active ionic channels or signal transducers during cell cycle progression in certain cases. These changes in intracellular localization, tissue compartments, and channel function, uniquely associated with malignant transformation, may offer a unique target for cancer therapy, likely able to spare normal cells. This article is part of a special issue itled ''Membrane Channels and Transporters in Cancers.''
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