- Super Toughened and High Heat-Resistant Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Blends by Enhancing Interfacial Bonding and PLA Phase Crystallization
- Lin, Ling, Deng, Cong, Lin, Gong-Peng, Wang, Yu-Zhong | Industrial engineering chemistry research (v.54 / no.21 / pp.5643-5655 / 20150888-5885)
- Polycarbonate (PC) was incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare the high-PLA-content ( ge;66 wt %) PLA/PC blends with high impact strength and heat distortion
초록보기원문보기 >
Polycarbonate (PC) was incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare the high-PLA-content ( ge;66 wt %) PLA/PC blends with high impact strength and heat distortion temperature (HDT) via adding a compatibilizer to tailor the interfacial bonding and annealing to enhance the crystallization of PLA phase with the aid of an impact modifier. On the basis of the tensile test, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope observations, the change from the yielding behavior dominated by shear-yielding to a coexistence of shear-yielding and crazing should be the leading reason for the significant improvement of impact strength for the annealed PLA/PC blends. The increase of the ability to sustain the high local stress also played an important role in the improvement of impact strength. Meanwhile, the increase of HDT should be resulting from the formation of a rigid three-dimensional framework composed of rigid PC particles and PLA crystals formed in the PLA/PC blends. Graphic Abstract
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in the soils of two different Chinese cities: Occurrence, homologue patterns and vertical migration
- Huang, Y., Chen, L., Feng, Y., Ye, Z., He, Q., Feng, Q., Qing, X., Liu, M., Gao, B. | The Science of the total environment (v.557 / pp.644-651 / 20160048-9697)
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are candidate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are under review by the Stockholm Convention. China is currently the lar
초록보기원문보기 >
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are candidate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are under review by the Stockholm Convention. China is currently the largest producer and consumer of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). To study the environmental behavior and fate of SCCPs in the soils of urban and suburban regions, the SCCP concentrations in 88 topsoils and 15 soil columns from land of different use types (e.g., woodland, vegetable field, paddy field and greenbelt) from Guangzhou and Chengdu have been determined. The SCCP concentrations in topsoils from Guangzhou (range: 1.45-25.5ngg -1 dry weight (dw), average: 10.3ngg -1 dw) were much higher than those from Chengdu (range: 0.218-3.26ngg -1 dw, average: 1.43ngg -1 dw). When compared to previously reported SCCP levels for topsoils from other areas, the SCCP concentrations measured in the present work were quite low. Much higher SCCP concentrations were observed in the greenbelt topsoils from Chengdu relative to the values measured from woodlands and vegetable and paddy fields. The composition profiles suggest that C 10 Cl 6-10 and C 11-13 Cl 6-8 were the major groups of SCCPs in topsoils from the woodlands and vegetable and paddy fields in Guangzhou and Chengdu. Vertical variations of the SCCP concentrations in the soil columns suggest that less chlorinated SCCPs (Cl 5-6 -SCCPs) are more capable of migrating to the deeper-layer soils than more chlorinated ones (Cl 9-10 -SCCPs). The SCCP concentrations displayed little dependence on organic matter (OM) for most topsoils (p gt;0.05), indicating that OM is not the controlling factor in the distribution of SCCPs in the soils. Capsule: This study analyzed the occurrence, homologue patterns and vertical migration of SCCPs in the topsoils of two Chinese cities with different industrial structures and climate conditions.
- Chemical characterization and surface properties of a new bioemulsifier produced by Pedobacter sp. strain MCC-Z
- Beltrani, T., Chiavarini, S., Cicero, D.O., Grimaldi, M., Ruggeri, C., Tamburini, E., Cremisini, C. | International journal of biological macromolecules (v.72 / pp.1090-1096 / 20150141-8130)
- A novel biopolymer was described in the form of an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) by Pedobacter sp. strain MCC-Z, a member of a bacterial genus not previously describ
초록보기원문보기 >
A novel biopolymer was described in the form of an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) by Pedobacter sp. strain MCC-Z, a member of a bacterial genus not previously described as an emulsifier producer. The new biomolecule was extracted, purified and characterized, and its surface and emulsifying properties were evaluated. The purified bioemulsifier, named Pdb-Z, showed high emulsifying activity (E 24 %=64%) and reduced the surface tension of water up to 41mN/m with a critical micelle concentration value of 2.6mg/mL. The chemical characterization of Pdb-Z was performed using 1 H NMR, FT-IR, HPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Pdb-Z was found to contain 67% of carbohydrates, consisting mainly of galactose and minor quantities of talose, 30% of lipids, being pentadecanoic acid the major lipidic constituent, and 3% of proteins. The bioemulsifier was a glycolipids-protein complex with an estimated molecular mass of 10 6 Da. Furthermore, Pdb-Z emulsified pure aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as diesel more efficiently than commercial synthetic surfactants, used for comparison. Our results suggest Pdb-Z has interesting properties for applications in remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments and bioremediation processes.
- Chloride transporters and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the renal proximal tubule.
- Devuyst, Olivier, Luciani, Alessandro | The Journal of physiology (v.593 / no.18 / pp.4151-4164 / 20150022-3751)
- The reabsorptive activity of renal proximal tubule cells is mediated by receptor-mediated endocytosis and polarized transport systems that reflect final cell differentiat
초록보기원문보기 >
The reabsorptive activity of renal proximal tubule cells is mediated by receptor-mediated endocytosis and polarized transport systems that reflect final cell differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations of the endosomal chloride-proton exchanger ClC-5 (Dent #039;s disease) cause a major trafficking defect in proximal tubule cells, associated with lysosomal dysfunction, oxidative stress and dedifferentiation/proliferation. A similar but milder defect is associated with mutations in CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). Vesicular chloride transport appears to be important for the integrity of the endolysosomal pathway in epithelial cells.
- The influence of the Japanese tea ceremony on Japanese restaurant hospitality
- Sato, Yoshinobu, Parry, Mark E. | The journal of consumer marketing (v.32 / no.7 / pp.520-529 / 20150736-3761)
- Purpose ndash; Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer rsquo;s determination of value and control
초록보기원문보기 >
Purpose ndash; Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer rsquo;s determination of value and control of the value creation process. The purpose of this paper is to extend these discussions by exploring the value creation process in the Japanese tea ceremony and in the kaiseki ryori style of Japanese cuisine, which is based on the Japanese tea ceremony. Design/methodology/approach ndash; A historical analysis is used to describe the history of the Japanese tea ceremony in Japan and its influence on Japanese culture. key principles underlying the Japanese tea ceremony and their relationship to Zen Buddhism are summarized and the ways in which these principles are reflected in the service provided by Japanese restaurants are explored. Findings ndash; The two elite restaurants examined in this analysis have designed their service experience to reflect four principles of the tea ceremony: the expression of seasonal feelings, the use of everyday items, ritualized social interactions, and the equality of host and guest. Given these principles, we argue that the tea ceremony and restaurants based on this ceremony imply a co-creation process that is different in three important ways from the process discussed in the co-creation literature. First, the tea ceremony involves dual experiential-value-creation processes. Both the master and the customer experience value-in-use during the delivery of kaiseki cuisine, and the value-in-use each receives is critically dependent on that received by the other. Second, the degree to which value-in-use is created for both parties (the customer and the master) depends on the master rsquo;s customization of the service experience based on his knowledge of the customer and that customer rsquo;s with the tea ceremony, kaiseki ryori cuisine and Japanese culture. Research limitations/implications ndash; We hypothesize that the dual experiential-value-creation model is potentially relevant whenever the service process contains an element of artistic creation. Potential examples include concerts, recitals, theatre performances and art exhibitions, as well as more mundane situations in which the service provider derives value-in-use from aesthetic appreciations of the service provider rsquo;s art. Originality/value ndash; Recent discussions of value co-creation argue that the customer controls the value creation process and the determination of value. The authors argue that the tea ceremony can serve as a metaphor for value co-creation in service contexts where the customer rsquo;s value creation process depends on the creation of value-in-use by the service provider.
- Special issue: Combining probability and logic
- Landes, J., Williamson, J. | Journal of applied logic (v.14 / pp.1-2 / 20161570-8683)
- This editorial explains the scope of the special issue and provides a thematic introduction to the contributed papers.
초록보기원문보기 >
This editorial explains the scope of the special issue and provides a thematic introduction to the contributed papers.
- Stereocomplexation of PLL/PDL-PEG-PDL blends: Effects of blend morphology on film toughness
- Tacha, S., Saelee, T., Khotasen, W., Punyodom, W., Molloy, R., Worajittiphon, P., Meepowpan, P., Manokruang, K. | European polymer journal (v.69 / pp.308-318 / 20150014-3057)
- Polylactide (PL) finds its use in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical devices to engineering plastics. However, the use of PL is limited to certain applic
초록보기원문보기 >
Polylactide (PL) finds its use in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical devices to engineering plastics. However, the use of PL is limited to certain applications due to its brittle characteristic and low heat distortion temperature, which indicate its poor mechanical and thermal properties, respectively. This present work demonstrated the toughening of PL by stereocomplexation adopting poly(d-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d-lactide) (PDL-PEG-PDL) copolymers with various PDL segment length. The DSC results showed that the complete stereocomplexation was reached when 40wt% copolymer was blended with poly(l-lactide) (PLL). In addition, the crystallization of PEG was interrupted and, thus, prohibited by either adding PDL or PLL in the system. AFM images showed that, for the first time, the stereocomplex crystallites (Sc-crystallites) formed by the enantiomer pairs were dispersed in a continuous amorphous phase of PL and the non-crystallizing PEG. The increase of PDL segment length in the copolymer leaded to the increase of the Sc-crystallite size, which, consequently, resulted in the increase of the tensile strength of the blended-films. Elongation at break of the films was found to rely on the determined amorphous area. To maximize the toughness of the films, the specific ratio of PDL and PEG segment length in the copolymer must be achieved to provide the optimum balance between Sc-crystallite size and % amorphous area.
- Parvovirus infection: an immunohistochemical study using fetal and placental tissue.
- Li, Jing Jing, Henwood, Tony, Van Hal, Sebastian, Charlton, Amanda | Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society (v.18 / no.1 / pp.30-39 / 20151093-5266)
- Parvovirus B19 infection causes 5% to 15% of cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing parvov
초록보기원문보기 >
Parvovirus B19 infection causes 5% to 15% of cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing parvovirus infection in fetal and placental tissue during routine fetal and perinatal autopsies. Histology slides of 20 cases of confirmed parvovirus infection were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry was applied to selected blocks of fetal and placental tissue. Immunohistochemistry was positive in all 20 cases, and histologic viral inclusions were seen in 19 cases. Immunohistochemical staining was closely correlated with histology and was more sensitive than histology in detecting virally infected cells, especially in autolyzed tissue. All cases also had confirmatory evidence of parvovirus infection by polymerase chain reaction of fetal liver and positive maternal serology, where it was available. We conclude that parvovirus immunohistochemistry is a reliable method for diagnosing parvovirus infection, especially in autolyzed tissue where histologic assessment may be suboptimal.
- Equitable and progressive distance-based user charges design and evaluation of income-based mileage fees in Maryland
- Yang, D., Kastrouni, E., Zhang, L. | Transport policy (v.47 / pp.169-177 / 20160967-070x)
- As a result of the declining purchasing power of fuel tax revenues, the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) is currently insufficient to maintain and expand the U.S. surface transpo
초록보기원문보기 >
As a result of the declining purchasing power of fuel tax revenues, the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) is currently insufficient to maintain and expand the U.S. surface transportation system. Alternative revenue sources should be considered to address the insolvency of the current funding system. Mileage fees and value pricing have long been attractive options to researchers and decision-makers, but they often raise concerns of equity. This paper aims to design and evaluate equitable and progressive distance-based user fee policies, focusing specifically on income-based fee rate structures. In addition to equity, the policy design criteria must also include practicality, simplicity, revenue generation, and a consideration of the design's impact on surrounding jurisdictions. Three variable-rate vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) fee scenarios with respect to income are introduced: Ramsey pricing, fixed-interval incremental, and fixed-percentage incremental structures. All policy scenarios are tested with a statewide transportation model in Maryland. Results show that income-based VMT fees can better protect lower-income households while generating additional revenue; however, a standard fee structure based on Ramsey pricing, or the inverse-elasticity rule, does not work as well as the fixed-interval incremental fee structure. The latter is progressive across all income groups while ensuring that equity and revenue goals are met.
- Community-empowered adaptation for self-reliance
- Chapin, F.S., Knapp, C.N., Brinkman, T.J., Bronen, R., Cochran, P. | Current opinion in environmental sustainability (v.19 / pp.67-75 / 20161877-3435)
- This paper describes the integration of social-ecological science with traditional knowledge to address global-change challenges faced by indigenous communities in rural
초록보기원문보기 >
This paper describes the integration of social-ecological science with traditional knowledge to address global-change challenges faced by indigenous communities in rural Alaska. The Community Partnership for Self-Reliance is a novel boundary organization that uses community visions for self-reliance, based on local and traditional knowledge, to link bottom-up with top-down adaptation planning. We suggest that similar boundary strategies can improve the communication of adaptation needs and opportunities across scales, empowering local communities to select adaptation choices that fit their own goals. This would facilitate regional experimentation and diffusion of innovative solutions to address rapid and heterogeneous environmental and socioeconomic change.
- Entrepreneurial Imagination and a Demand and Supply-side Perspective on the MNE and Cross-border Organization
- Jones, G., Pitelis, C. | Journal of international management (v.21 / no.4 / pp.309-321 / 20151075-4253)
- We focus on supply and the under-explored demand-side factors that help explicate cross-border expansion, the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and organization. We explore
초록보기원문보기 >
We focus on supply and the under-explored demand-side factors that help explicate cross-border expansion, the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and organization. We explore how appropriability-informed and legacy-shaped entrepreneurial imagination motivates a process of creation and co-creation of the cross-border business context (such as markets, demand, and supporting infrastructures, including business ecosystems), and when feasible the wider institutional, regulatory and even cultural one, that conventional International Business (IB) literature takes as a datum. This is examined conceptually and by drawing on illustrative case examples. We claim that by focusing on agency, learning, intentionality and demand-side factors, our approach complements, and also challenges extant sometimes static, supply-side, agent-agnostic theories of the MNE and helps appreciate better phenomena such as market, demand and value creation, and co-creation, MNEs without firm specific advantages and born-global firms.
- Procedure in Reduction of Distortion in Welding Process by High Temperature Thermal Transient Tensioning
- Souto, J., Ares, E., Alegre, P. | Procedia engineering (v.132 / pp.732-739 / 2015)
- Welding is an aggressive thermal process which in its nature results in high strain and stress state of the material and leads to its phase change. This can cause high di
초록보기원문보기 >
Welding is an aggressive thermal process which in its nature results in high strain and stress state of the material and leads to its phase change. This can cause high distortion in the welded structure what is often a significant design and manufacturing problem. This study deals with a lineheating forming process is applied while welding, with the final objective of minimizing the distortion. A FEM (finite element method) based on a thermo-elastoplastic approach is used here. The computational method is calibrated before in three stages, heatline forming calibration, flame heat source calibration, and weld process. The final model presented in this work will be an integration of all calibrated initial models. The tLSND (thermal low stress no distortion) technique will be designed to find an optimal solution for a long dimension T-joint.
- Arendt #x2019;s Guidelines for a Fictionalized Cinematic Portrait
- Azoulay, Ariella | Differences (v.26 / no.2 / pp.121-131 / 20151040-7391)
- More than once Arendt denied being a public figure and added that she did not entertain any #x201C;ambition to become one. #x201D; This poses a challenge to any filmmake
초록보기원문보기 >
More than once Arendt denied being a public figure and added that she did not entertain any #x201C;ambition to become one. #x201D; This poses a challenge to any filmmaker seeking to portray her character, as Margarethe von Trotta found when she contradicted Arendt #x2019;s self-perception to inquire who was this public figure at the center of one of the most important political-intellectual controversies of the twentieth century. Von Trotta #x2019;s cinematic inquiry is in some ways justified by Arendt #x2019;s insights into how the who is revealed to others. Hannah Arendt gives us an opportunity to follow Arendt while thinking and to reconfigure this activity with or against Arendt. The challenge of depicting thinking is one that Pamela Katz, the screenwriter, and Margarethe von Trotta, the director, confronted in the making of the film. Had they followed Arendt #x2019;s own arguments about herself and about the invisibility of thinking, the making of a film about her would have amounted to a dark screen most of the time. Cinematic portrayal enhances the intrusive quality inherent in human relationships: being with others is always also watching and observing them, as well as memorizing how they are revealed to us, which is often different from how they intend to appear.
- Otofaciocervical syndrome and metachondromatosis in a girl: Presentation of a novel association and remarks on clinical variability of branchial-arch disorders
- Salinas-Torres, V.M., Salinas-Torres, R.A. | International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (v.85 / pp.19-21 / 20160165-5876)
- Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial, ear, branchial, and musculoskeletal anomalies, along with hearing loss and mild intellectual
초록보기원문보기 >
Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial, ear, branchial, and musculoskeletal anomalies, along with hearing loss and mild intellectual disability. Clinically, its distinction from branchiootorenal syndrome can be difficult. To date, the coexistence of OFCS and metachondromatosis has not been reported. Here, we describe a sporadic patient with both OFCS and metachondromatosis. This novel association prompts us to do some remarks on the clinical variability of branchial-arch disorders; in fact, our observations are consistent with the highly variable expressivity of OFCS and illustrate the need of a more accurate characterization of these branchial-arch disorders. In the meantime, involvement of clavicles, scapulae and shoulders remains a distinctive feature of OFCS.
- Effects of oxygen on prismatic faults in alpha;-Ti: a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study
- Bhatia, M.A., Zhang, X., Azarnoush, M., Lu, G., Solanki, K.N. | Scripta materialia (v.98 / pp.32-35 / 20151359-6462)
- The mechanical properties of alpha;-Ti are greatly affected by the presence of oxygen impurities. Here we focus on the interaction of oxygen with prismatic faults and ox
초록보기원문보기 >
The mechanical properties of alpha;-Ti are greatly affected by the presence of oxygen impurities. Here we focus on the interaction of oxygen with prismatic faults and oxygen diffusion barriers in alpha;-Ti using a multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach. We show that a one-sixth monolayer of oxygen addition increases the Peierls stress 4-fold and reduces the dislocation core width by 18%. The calculated hardening effect due to oxygen and the oxygen diffusion barriers are consistent with experiments.
- Reaction of Dimedone and Benzaldehyde: A Discovery-Based Lab for Second-Semester Organic Chemistry
- Reeve, Anne M. | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.3 / pp.582-585 / 20150021-9584)
- A simple, two-step synthesis of 9-phenylxanthene-1,8-dione from dimedone and benzaldehyde was developed for second-semester undergraduate organic chemistry. Both reaction
초록보기원문보기 >
A simple, two-step synthesis of 9-phenylxanthene-1,8-dione from dimedone and benzaldehyde was developed for second-semester undergraduate organic chemistry. Both reactions afford crystalline solids in excellent yield by simply precipitating the product from solution. Reaction times are very short, and no specialized equipment, reagents, or purification techniques are needed. Multiple spectroscopic methods (IR and 1 H, 13 C, and DEPT NMR) are employed to solve the structures of the intermediate and final product, which are unknown to students. The products are not ones students would initially predict, but rather are derived from careful analysis of the spectroscopic data in conjunction with logical mechanistic steps. 1 H NMR peaks are well resolved, even at low field. Students have responded favorably over the five years this experiment has been used as a culminating experience in organic chemistry lab. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Regulatory convergence and dispute settlement in the WTO
- Meagher, Niall | Journal of international trade law policy (v.14 / no.3 / pp.157-162 / 20151477-0024)
- Purpose ndash; This paper aims to examine the issues faced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system in disputes involving questions of regulatory
초록보기원문보기 >
Purpose ndash; This paper aims to examine the issues faced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system in disputes involving questions of regulatory convergence. The traditional focus of the WTO has been on increasing market access and eliminating discrimination in trade. Now, as tariffs have been all but eliminated and Members rarely impose obviously discriminatory trade barriers, attention increasingly turns to questions of regulatory convergence. Leaving aside questions as to the overall benefits of regulatory convergence between markets, these developments pose a significant challenge to the organs of the WTO dispute settlement ndash; and it is here that this paper focuses. Design/methodology/approach ndash; While General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO law has fairly well-developed tools for identifying discrimination in trade, the tools necessary for assessing whether regulatory measures maintain the requisite balance or proportionality between sovereign/domestic concerns and trade concerns are less clear. The paper discusses this latter point. Findings ndash; The WTO agreements are frequently not clear on where or how this balance between sovereign/domestic concerns and trade concerns is to be determined. To date, WTO panels and the Appellate Body have preferred to focus on whether they can identify any discriminatory aspects of a measure. However, they will increasingly be called to pronounce on non-discriminatory regulatory policy choices of Members. Originality/value ndash; This paper contributes to the literature on the Appellate Body, and argues that Members will need to develop a credible and consistent balance between policy space and trade restrictiveness.
- Community violence concerns and adolescent sleep
- Bagley, E.J., Tu, K.M., Buckhalt, J.A., El-Sheikh, M. | Sleep Health (v.2 / no.1 / pp.57-62 / 2016)
- Objective: The goal of this study was to examine links between concerns about community violence and objective and subjective sleep parameters in an adolescent sample. Se
초록보기원문보기 >
Objective: The goal of this study was to examine links between concerns about community violence and objective and subjective sleep parameters in an adolescent sample. Sex was considered as a moderator of effects. Design: The study used a cross-sectional design. Participants: The community-based sample included 252 adolescents (53% girls) with an average age of 15.79 years (SD = 0.81) from the Southeastern United States. The sample included 34% African American and 66% European American adolescents from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Measurements: Adolescent-reported community violence concerns were assessed using a composite of 3 separate subscales that measured perceived community safety and threats of community and school violence. Sleep duration and quality were assessed using actigraphy, and subjective sleep problems and daytime sleepiness were measured with subscales of the School Sleep Habits Survey. Results: Community violence predicted lower sleep efficiency, more long-wake episodes, and more sleep/wake problems and sleepiness. Sex-related moderation effects revealed that girls in the sample were more vulnerable to the effects of violence concerns on their objective sleep quality. Conclusions: Findings highlight the role of community violence concerns on adolescents' sleep, revealing that greater community violence concerns are linked with lower levels of actigraphy-based and subjective reports of sleep quality, particularly for adolescent girls. Consideration of the mechanisms by which violence concerns may affect sleep is discussed.
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