- Chloride intracellular channel 4 is required for maturation of the cerebral collateral circulation
- Lucitti, Jennifer L., Tarte, Natalie J., Faber, James E. | American journal of physiology, Heart and circulatory physiology (v.309 / no.7 / pp.H1141-H1150 / 20150363-6135)
- Chloride intracellular channel-4 (CLIC4) is not required for embryonic collateral arteriole formation in the brain but is required for perinatal collateral maturation. Ve
초록보기원문보기 >
Chloride intracellular channel-4 (CLIC4) is not required for embryonic collateral arteriole formation in the brain but is required for perinatal collateral maturation. Vegfa overexpression in CLIC4-deficient mice partially rescues deficits in perinatal collateral mural cell investment, and fully rescues aberrant perinatal collateral pruning and enlarged infarct volume after stroke in adults . The number and diameter of native collaterals in tissues of healthy mice vary widely, resulting in large differences in tissue injury in occlusive diseases. Recent studies suggest similar variation may exist in humans. Collateral variation in mice is determined by genetic background-dependent differences in embryonic collateral formation, by variation in maturation of the nascent collaterals, and by environmental factors such as aging that cause collateral rarefaction in the adult. Recently, formation of the collateral circulation in the brain was found to involve a unique VEGF-A-dependent #x201C;arteriolar #x201D; angiogenic sprouting-like mechanism. Elsewhere, chloride intracellular protein 4 (CLIC4) was implicated but not investigated directly, prompting the present study. Deletion of Clic4 had no effect on embryonic collaterogenesis. However, during collateral maturation from embryonic day 18.5 to postnatal day 7, reduced mural cell investment was observed and excessive pruning of collaterals occurred. Growth in collateral diameter was reduced. This resulted in 50% fewer collaterals of smaller diameter in the adult and thus larger infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion. During collateral maturation, CLIC4 deficiency resulted in reduced expression of Vegfr2 , Vegfr1 , Vegfc , and mural cell markers, but not notch-pathway genes. Overexpression of VEGF-A in Clic4 #x2212;/ #x2212; mice had no effect on collaterogenesis, but rescued the above defects in collateral maturation by preventing mural cell loss and collateral pruning, thus restoring collateral number and diameter and reducing stroke severity in the adult. CLIC4 is not required for collaterogenesis but is essential for perinatal maturation of nascent collaterals through a mechanism that supports VEGF signaling.
- Senior citizens on Facebook: How do they interact and why?
- Jung, E.H., Sundar, S.S. | Computers in human behavior (v.61 / pp.27-35 / 20160747-5632)
- This study investigated why senior citizens use Facebook and how they participate in specific activities on Facebook in order to gratify their needs. An online survey of
초록보기원문보기 >
This study investigated why senior citizens use Facebook and how they participate in specific activities on Facebook in order to gratify their needs. An online survey of 352 senior citizens over 60 years old revealed four primary motivations for using Facebook: social bonding, social bridging, curiosity, and responding to family member requests. The analysis of the relationship between senior citizens' motivations and their participation in activities on Facebook indicates that social bonding is a major motivation for participating in most activities on Facebook. In addition, data reveal that using message-based interactivity features on Facebook (i.e., posting on other people's wall and Facebook chatting with others) leads to greater Facebook use. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of senior citizens' Facebook use as an emerging communication tool.
- Damage at high strain rates in semi-crystalline polymers
- Balieu, R., Lauro, F., Bennani, B., Haugou, G., Chaari, F., Matsumoto, T., Mottola, E. | International journal of impact engineering (v.76 / pp.1-8 / 20150734-743x)
- A specific damage characterization method using Digital Image Correlation for semi-crystalline polymers is proposed for a wide range of strain rates. This damage measurem
초록보기원문보기 >
A specific damage characterization method using Digital Image Correlation for semi-crystalline polymers is proposed for a wide range of strain rates. This damage measurement is an extension of the SEE method [16] which was developed to characterize the behaviour laws at constant strain rates of polymeric materials. This procedure is compared to the well-known damage characterization by loss of stiffness technique under quasi-static loading. In addition, an in-situ tensile test, carried out in a microtomograph, is used to observe the cavitation phenomenon in real time. The different ways used to evaluate the damage evolution are compared and the proposed technique is also suitable for measuring the ductile damage observed in semi-crystalline polymers under dynamic loading.
- Natural products as biofuels and bio-based chemicals: fatty acids and isoprenoids
- Beller, Harry R., Lee, Taek Soon, Katz, Leonard | Natural product reports : a journal of current developments in bio-organic chemistry (v.32 / no.10 / pp.1508-1526 / 20150265-0568)
- Covering: 2005 to 2015 Although natural products are best known for their use in medicine and agriculture, a number of fatty acid-derived and isoprenoid natural products
초록보기원문보기 >
Covering: 2005 to 2015 Although natural products are best known for their use in medicine and agriculture, a number of fatty acid-derived and isoprenoid natural products are being developed for use as renewable biofuels and bio-based chemicals. This review summarizes recent work on fatty acid-derived compounds (fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, medium- and short-chain methyl ketones, alkanes, alpha;-olefins, and long-chain internal alkenes) and isoprenoids, including hemiterpenes ( e.g. , isoprene and isopentanol), monoterpenes ( e.g. , limonene), and sesquiterpenes ( e.g. , farnesene and bisabolene). Graphic Abstract We review recent progress in the development of fatty acid-derived and isoprenoid natural products for use as renewable biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
- Otofaciocervical syndrome and metachondromatosis in a girl: Presentation of a novel association and remarks on clinical variability of branchial-arch disorders
- Salinas-Torres, V.M., Salinas-Torres, R.A. | International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology (v.85 / pp.19-21 / 20160165-5876)
- Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial, ear, branchial, and musculoskeletal anomalies, along with hearing loss and mild intellectual
초록보기원문보기 >
Otofaciocervical syndrome (OFCS) is a rare disorder characterized by facial, ear, branchial, and musculoskeletal anomalies, along with hearing loss and mild intellectual disability. Clinically, its distinction from branchiootorenal syndrome can be difficult. To date, the coexistence of OFCS and metachondromatosis has not been reported. Here, we describe a sporadic patient with both OFCS and metachondromatosis. This novel association prompts us to do some remarks on the clinical variability of branchial-arch disorders; in fact, our observations are consistent with the highly variable expressivity of OFCS and illustrate the need of a more accurate characterization of these branchial-arch disorders. In the meantime, involvement of clavicles, scapulae and shoulders remains a distinctive feature of OFCS.
- The XXVI Magnetic Recording Conference 2015 Foreword
- Piramanayagam, S. N., van Ek, Jan | IEEE transactions on magnetics (v.52 / no.2 / pp.1-1 / 20160018-9464)
- On behalf of the organizing committee of the XXVI Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) 2015, we are pleased to present selected invited papers from the conference in this
초록보기원문보기 >
On behalf of the organizing committee of the XXVI Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) 2015, we are pleased to present selected invited papers from the conference in this issue of the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. The conference was held at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, from August 17 to 19, 2015. The hard work and hospitality of the hosting institution and all the committee members in making this event so successful are greatly appreciated. TMRC is an annual meeting of the magnetic recording community, organized under the auspices of the IEEE Magnetics Society, with a format of all invited oral presentations. An evening poster session of the invited and contributed papers enhances further discussion between the speakers and the participants.
- Chloride-Inducible Expression Vector for Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecium
- Geldart, Kathryn, Borrero, Juan, Kaznessis, Yiannis N. | Applied and environmental microbiology (v.81 / no.11 / pp.3889-3897 / 20150099-2240)
- Antibiotic-resistant enterococcal infections are a major concern in hospitals where patients with compromised immunity are readily infected. Enterococcus faecium bacter
초록보기원문보기 >
Antibiotic-resistant enterococcal infections are a major concern in hospitals where patients with compromised immunity are readily infected. Enterococcus faecium bacteria are of particular interest as these pathogens account for over 80% of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced at the site of infection by engineered bacteria may offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of resistant bacteria such as E. faecium . For this mode of delivery to be effective, it is essential to identify a suitable protein expression system that can be used in the desired delivery bacterium. In this study, we describe a promising chloride-inducible promoter and its application in the bacterial delivery of AMPs from Lactococcus lactis to reduce counts of E. faecium bacteria in vitro . Reporter gene studies show that at chloride concentrations found within the human intestines, the chloride-inducible promoter exhibits high levels of protein expression compared to those of the commonly used nisin-inducible promoter. These results indicate that this system is powerful and would not require the exogenous administration of an inducer molecule. In its application for AMP production against E. faecium in vitro , L. lactis producing AMPs under the chloride promoter rapidly decreased E. faecium counts by nearly 10,000-fold. As an extension of this application, we also demonstrate the potential in using this type of delivery system in combination with traditional antibiotics to slow the development of resistance. Collectively, this study shows the promise of using a chloride-inducible promoter for the bacterial delivery of AMPs in the body for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and other antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
- Exploring senior nurses rsquo; experiences of leading organizational change
- Boyal, Amunpreet, Hewison, Alistair | Leadership in health services (v.29 / no.1 / pp.37-51 / 20161751-1879)
- Purpose ndash; The aim of this paper is to explore Senior nurses rsquo; experiences of leading organizational change. There is a substantial literature reporting middle
초록보기원문보기 >
Purpose ndash; The aim of this paper is to explore Senior nurses rsquo; experiences of leading organizational change. There is a substantial literature reporting middle-level nurse managers rsquo; experiences of change; however, there is less evidence concerning senior nurses rsquo; perspectives. In view of this, interview data collected from senior nurses, as part of a study of major organizational change, were analysed to redress this imbalance. Design/methodology/approach ndash; In-depth semi-structured interviews ( n = 14) were conducted with senior nurses (between 2009 and 2012). Findings ndash; Senior nurses rsquo; activity centred on leadership and workforce issues, internal influences and external pressures. In periods of change, appropriate leadership was vital, and ldquo;weak rdquo; leaders were considered to have an adverse effect on teams. Concerns were expressed about financial strictures and their impact on patient care and service provision. The senior nurses were striving to provide the best quality of service delivery with the limited resources available. Concentration on operational matters was necessary to maintain stability in periods of change. However, this prevented senior nurses from influencing strategic decision-making in their organizations. Practical implications ndash; If senior nurses are to realise their potential to operate at a strategic level, they need to be given time and support to lead, rather than just react to change. This research emphasises the importance of a ldquo;nursing voice rdquo; to inform board-level decisions and maintain a focus on patient care. Originality/value ndash; This research sheds light on the work of a key group of staff in health-care organizations. Understanding senior nurses rsquo; experience of and contribution to change is a useful contribution to health services research.
- Resolution of international trade disputes in the WTO and other Fora
- Sacerdoti, Giorgio | Journal of international trade law policy (v.14 / no.3 / pp.147-156 / 20151477-0024)
- Purpose ndash; The purpose of this paper is to assess the success of the world trade organisation (WTO) dispute settlement system and its transferability to other fora.
초록보기원문보기 >
Purpose ndash; The purpose of this paper is to assess the success of the world trade organisation (WTO) dispute settlement system and its transferability to other fora. Design/methodology/approach ndash; The paper compares the design and case law of trade and investment law, and seeks lessons for the settlement of trade and investment disputes in other fora. Findings ndash; It concludes that despite its shortcomings, the WTO Appellate Body provides vital stability regarding legal interpretations, something notably absent from other fora. Originality/value ndash; The paper offers the perspective of a former Member and Chairman of the WTO Appellate Body on the success of the dispute settlement system.
- Chloride penetration monitoring in reinforced concrete structure using carbon nanotube/cement composite
- Kim, H.K. | Construction building materials (v.96 / pp.29-36 / 20150950-0618)
- A novel non-destructive method of monitoring chloride penetration in reinforced concrete structures prior to corrosion is proposed. By measuring the change in the electri
초록보기원문보기 >
A novel non-destructive method of monitoring chloride penetration in reinforced concrete structures prior to corrosion is proposed. By measuring the change in the electrical characteristics induced by chloride in cement composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chloride penetration in the structures could be monitored in real time. To evaluate the feasibility of this method, cement composites containing various amounts of CNTs and sodium chloride were fabricated and their electrical characteristics were measured. Although the conductivity of the composite without CNTs fluctuated as a result of both reinforcement and moisture content, that of the composites with CNTs was seldom influenced by these factors, and the conductivity generally increased with increasing chloride content. The chloride content in the composites was estimated via regression analysis based on the electrical characteristics, implying that the CNT/cement composite could be used as a sensor for chloride penetration monitoring.
- Organic Chemistry in Action! What Is the Reaction?
- O rsquo, Dwyer, Anne, Childs, Peter | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.7 / pp.1159-1170 / 20150021-9584)
- The Organic Chemistry in Action! (OCIA!) program is a set of teaching resources designed to facilitate the teaching and learning of introductory level organic chemistry
초록보기원문보기 >
The Organic Chemistry in Action! (OCIA!) program is a set of teaching resources designed to facilitate the teaching and learning of introductory level organic chemistry. The OCIA! program was developed in collaboration with practicing and experienced chemistry teachers, using findings from Chemistry Education Research (CER). The program was developed as an alternative mode of teaching the prescribed high school organic chemistry curriculum in Ireland. The program aims to improve learners rsquo; attitudes towards, interest in and understanding of organic chemistry. The OCIA! program has been trialed with 87 students in six high schools. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using three methods: feedback from the chemistry teachers in the experimental group ( n = 6), feedback from the students in the experimental group ( n = 87) and quasi-experimental comparison with students in a control group ( n = 117). The evaluation has shown that this project was effective in improving the students rsquo; attitudes towards, interest in and understanding of organic chemistry. This evaluation identifies the challenges and opportunities in implementing CER in designing Chemistry curricula for high school classrooms. The integration of CER in practice requires collaboration between all parties responsible for designing, teaching and assessing school Chemistry. It is hoped that the evidence from this intervention can be used to encourage the use of evidence-based best practice in high school chemistry classes internationally. The approach is also useful for introductory organic chemistry courses at university. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Effect of crystallinity and plasticizer on mechanical properties and tissue integration of starch-based materials from two botanical origins
- Velasquez, D., Pavon-Djavid, G., Chaunier, L., Meddahi-Pelle, A., Lourdin, D. | Carbohydrate polymers (v.124 / pp.180-187 / 20150144-8617)
- The application of starch-based materials for biomedical purposes has attracted significant interest due to their biocompatibility. The physical properties and crystal st
초록보기원문보기 >
The application of starch-based materials for biomedical purposes has attracted significant interest due to their biocompatibility. The physical properties and crystal structure of materials based on potato starch (PS) and amylomaize starch (AMS) were studied under physiological conditions. PS plasticized with 20% glycerol presented the best mechanical properties with an elastic modulus of 1.6MPa and a weak swelling, remaining stable for 30 days. The in vitro cell viability of 3T3 cells after contact with extracts from PS and AMS with 20% glycerol is 72% and 80%, respectively. PS presented good tissue integration and no significant inflammation or foreign body response after 30 days intra-muscular implantation in a rat model, contrary to AMS. It was shown that glycerol plasticization favors a fast B-type crystallization of PS materials, enhancing their mechanical strength and durability, and making them a good candidate for bioresorbable and biocompatible materials for implantable medical devices.
- Cultural diffusion in humans and other animals
- Whiten, A., Caldwell, C.A., Mesoudi, A. | Current opinion in psychology (v.8 / pp.15-21 / 20162352-250x)
- Recent years have seen an enormous expansion and progress in studies of the cultural diffusion processes through which behaviour patterns, ideas and artifacts are transmi
초록보기원문보기 >
Recent years have seen an enormous expansion and progress in studies of the cultural diffusion processes through which behaviour patterns, ideas and artifacts are transmitted within and between generations of humans and other animals. The first of two main approaches focuses on identifying, tracing and understanding cultural diffusion as it naturally occurs, an essential foundation to any science of culture. This endeavor has been enriched in recent years by sophisticated statistical methods and surprising new discoveries particularly in humans, other primates and cetaceans. This work has been complemented by a growing corpus of powerful, purpose-designed cultural diffusion experiments with captive and natural populations that have facilitated the rigorous identification and analysis of cultural diffusion in species from insects to humans.
- Construction of membrane-bound artificial cells using microfluidics: a new frontier in bottom-up synthetic biology
- Elani, Yuval | Biochemical Society transactions (v.44 / no.3 / pp.723-730 / 20160300-5127)
- The quest to construct artificial cells from the bottom-up using simple building blocks has received much attention over recent decades and is one of the grand challenges
초록보기원문보기 >
The quest to construct artificial cells from the bottom-up using simple building blocks has received much attention over recent decades and is one of the grand challenges in synthetic biology. Cell mimics that are encapsulated by lipid membranes are a particularly powerful class of artificial cells due to their biocompatibility and the ability to reconstitute biological machinery within them. One of the key obstacles in the field centres on the following: how can membrane-based artificial cells be generated in a controlled way and in high-throughput? In particular, how can they be constructed to have precisely defined parameters including size, biomolecular composition and spatial organization? Microfluidic generation strategies have proved instrumental in addressing these questions. This article will outline some of the major principles underpinning membrane-based artificial cells and their construction using microfluidics, and will detail some recent landmarks that have been achieved.
- Impurity migration and effects on vacancy formation enthalpy in polycrystalline depleted uranium
- Lund, K.R., Lynn, K.G., Weber, M.H., Macchi, C., Somoza, A., Juan, A., Okuniewski, M.A. | Journal of nuclear materials = Journal des mat eacute;riaux nucl eacute;aires (v.466 / pp.343-350 / 20150022-3115)
- We have used Doppler-broadening of the positron-electron annihilation radiation technique and VASP calculations to verify the previously reported vacancy formation enthal
초록보기원문보기 >
We have used Doppler-broadening of the positron-electron annihilation radiation technique and VASP calculations to verify the previously reported vacancy formation enthalpy H v f in polycrystalline depleted uranium. Experimentally we have confirmed a H v f of (1.6 +/- 0.2) eV. VASP calculations using GGA and LDA approximations gave vacancy formation enthalpies values of 1.98 eV and 2.22 eV respectively. We found residual oxygen in the sample diminished these values by 50% or more. Our new experimental and theoretical data supports the notion that oxygen impurities in the sample are responsible for lower values of vacancy formation enthalpies. Measured and calculated vacancy formation enthalpies, as well as the obtained oxygen migration enthalpy of (0.6 +/- 0.1) eV, are compared and discussed with values reported in the literature.
- Engaging Organic Chemistry Students Using ChemDraw for iPad
- Morsch, Layne A., Lewis, Michael | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.8 / pp.1402-1405 / 20150021-9584)
- Drawing structures, mechanisms, and syntheses is a vital part of success in organic chemistry courses. ChemDraw for iPad has been used to increase classroom experiences i
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Drawing structures, mechanisms, and syntheses is a vital part of success in organic chemistry courses. ChemDraw for iPad has been used to increase classroom experiences in the preparation of high quality chemical drawings. The embedded Flick-to-Share allows for simple, real-time exchange of ChemDraw documents. ChemDraw for iPad also allows documents to be readily shared with students via e-mail directly from the program. ChemDraw for iPad increased engagement and enhanced interactions between students and instructors in organic chemistry classes. Graphic Abstract
- Imagination in Vico and Hobbes: From affective sensemaking to culture
- Pern, Tuuli | Culture psychology (v.21 / no.2 / pp.162-184 / 20151354-067x)
- Giambattista Vico and Thomas Hobbes both are known for the particular emphasis they put on the workings of imagination in human understanding. Their respective concepts o
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Giambattista Vico and Thomas Hobbes both are known for the particular emphasis they put on the workings of imagination in human understanding. Their respective concepts of imagination are compared in this article, with attention to the sensory basis and cultural products related to this capability. The connections and contrasts established in the analysis are contextualized by the notion of affective semiosis. An affective component can be traced at the basis of the process of image creation in both authors. The primary level of human semiotic activity where the most basic differentiation and identification processes take place must describe not only in terms of sensation but also affect, imagination, and memory. The expression of these processes on the level of culture is however understood and valued differently by Vico and Hobbes. Vico sees in myth and metaphor the necessary elements of imaginative sensemaking, for Hobbes they take the role of by-products in mind #x2019;s struggle toward rationality.
- CLIC1 regulates dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation by modulating phagosome acidification and proteolysis
- Salao, Kanin, Jiang, Lele, Li, Hui, Tsai, Vicky W.-W., Husaini, Yasmin, Curmi, Paul M. G., Brown, Louise J., Brown, David A., Breit, Samuel N. | Biology open (v.5 / no.5 / pp.620-630 / 2016)
- Intracellular chloride channel protein 1 (CLIC1) participates in inflammatory processes by regulating macrophage phagosomal functions such as pH and proteolysis. Here, we
초록보기원문보기 >
Intracellular chloride channel protein 1 (CLIC1) participates in inflammatory processes by regulating macrophage phagosomal functions such as pH and proteolysis. Here, we sought to determine if CLIC1 can regulate adaptive immunity by actions on dendritic cells (DCs), the key professional antigen presenting cells. To do this, we first generated bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from germline CLIC1 gene-deleted ( CLIC1 #x2212;/ #x2212; ) and wild-type ( CLIC1 +/+ ) mice, then studied them in vitro and in vivo . We found phagocytosis triggered cytoplasmic CLIC1 translocation to the phagosomal membrane where it regulated phagosomal pH and proteolysis. Phagosomes from CLIC1 #x2212;/ #x2212; BMDCs displayed impaired acidification and proteolysis, which could be reproduced if CLIC1 +/+ , but not CLIC1 #x2212;/ #x2212; cells, were treated with IAA94, a CLIC family ion channel blocker. CLIC1 #x2212;/ #x2212; BMDC displayed reduced in vitro antigen processing and presentation of full-length myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and reduced MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data suggest that CLIC1 regulates DC phagosomal pH to ensure optimal processing of antigen for presentation to antigen-specific T-cells. Further, they indicate that CLIC1 is a novel therapeutic target to help reduce the adaptive immune response in autoimmune diseases. Summary: DC phagosomes from CLIC1 #x2212;/ #x2212; mice display impaired acidification and in vivo and in vitro antigen processing and presentation, revealing CLIC1 #x2212;/ #x2212; as a potential therapeutic target in reducing the adaptive immune response in autoimmune diseases.
- Senior PHE figure urges school nurses to consider wearing a uniform again.
- | Nursing standard (v.30 / no.3 / pp.9 / 20150029-6570)
- School nurses should consider wearing uniforms because that is what many children want to see, according to one of England #039;s most senior nurses.
초록보기원문보기 >
School nurses should consider wearing uniforms because that is what many children want to see, according to one of England #039;s most senior nurses.
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