- The influence of the Japanese tea ceremony on Japanese restaurant hospitality
- Sato, Yoshinobu, Parry, Mark E. | The journal of consumer marketing (v.32 / no.7 / pp.520-529 / 20150736-3761)
- Purpose ndash; Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer rsquo;s determination of value and control
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Purpose ndash; Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer rsquo;s determination of value and control of the value creation process. The purpose of this paper is to extend these discussions by exploring the value creation process in the Japanese tea ceremony and in the kaiseki ryori style of Japanese cuisine, which is based on the Japanese tea ceremony. Design/methodology/approach ndash; A historical analysis is used to describe the history of the Japanese tea ceremony in Japan and its influence on Japanese culture. key principles underlying the Japanese tea ceremony and their relationship to Zen Buddhism are summarized and the ways in which these principles are reflected in the service provided by Japanese restaurants are explored. Findings ndash; The two elite restaurants examined in this analysis have designed their service experience to reflect four principles of the tea ceremony: the expression of seasonal feelings, the use of everyday items, ritualized social interactions, and the equality of host and guest. Given these principles, we argue that the tea ceremony and restaurants based on this ceremony imply a co-creation process that is different in three important ways from the process discussed in the co-creation literature. First, the tea ceremony involves dual experiential-value-creation processes. Both the master and the customer experience value-in-use during the delivery of kaiseki cuisine, and the value-in-use each receives is critically dependent on that received by the other. Second, the degree to which value-in-use is created for both parties (the customer and the master) depends on the master rsquo;s customization of the service experience based on his knowledge of the customer and that customer rsquo;s with the tea ceremony, kaiseki ryori cuisine and Japanese culture. Research limitations/implications ndash; We hypothesize that the dual experiential-value-creation model is potentially relevant whenever the service process contains an element of artistic creation. Potential examples include concerts, recitals, theatre performances and art exhibitions, as well as more mundane situations in which the service provider derives value-in-use from aesthetic appreciations of the service provider rsquo;s art. Originality/value ndash; Recent discussions of value co-creation argue that the customer controls the value creation process and the determination of value. The authors argue that the tea ceremony can serve as a metaphor for value co-creation in service contexts where the customer rsquo;s value creation process depends on the creation of value-in-use by the service provider.
- Bioactive natural products from novel microbial sources.
- Challinor, Victoria L, Bode, Helge B | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (v.1354 / no.1 / pp.82-97 / 20150077-8923)
- Despite the importance of microbial natural products for human health, only a few bacterial genera have been mined for the new natural products needed to overcome the urg
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Despite the importance of microbial natural products for human health, only a few bacterial genera have been mined for the new natural products needed to overcome the urgent threat of antibiotic resistance. This is surprising, given that genome sequencing projects have revealed that the capability to produce natural products is not a rare feature among bacteria. Even the bacteria occurring in the human microbiome produce potent antibiotics, and thus potentially are an untapped resource for novel compounds, potentially with new activities. This review highlights examples of bacteria that should be considered new sources of natural products, including anaerobes, pathogens, and symbionts of humans, insects, and nematodes. Exploitation of these producer strains, combined with advances in modern natural product research methodology, has the potential to open the way for a new golden age of microbial therapeutics.
- Lipid Requirements for the Enzymatic Activity of MraY Translocases and in Vitro Reconstitution of the Lipid II Synthesis Pathway
- Henrich, Erik, Ma, Yi, Engels, Ina, Munch, Daniela, Otten, Christian, Schneider, Tanja, Henrichfreise, Beate, Sahl, Hans-Georg, Dotsch, Volker, Bernhard, Frank | The Journal of biological chemistry (v.291 / no.5 / pp.2535-2546 / 20160021-9258)
- Screening of new compounds directed against key protein targets must continually keep pace with emerging antibiotic resistances. Although periplasmic enzymes of bacterial
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Screening of new compounds directed against key protein targets must continually keep pace with emerging antibiotic resistances. Although periplasmic enzymes of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis have been among the first drug targets, compounds directed against the membrane-integrated catalysts are hardly available. A promising future target is the integral membrane protein MraY catalyzing the first membrane associated step within the cytoplasmic pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. However, the expression of most MraY homologues in cellular expression systems is challenging and limits biochemical analysis. We report the efficient production of MraY homologues from various human pathogens by synthetic cell-free expression approaches and their subsequent characterization. MraY homologues originating from Bordetella pertussis , Helicobacter pylori , Chlamydia pneumoniae , Borrelia burgdorferi , and Escherichia coli as well as Bacillus subtilis were co-translationally solubilized using either detergent micelles or preformed nanodiscs assembled with defined membranes. All MraY enzymes originating from Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to detergents and required nanodiscs containing negatively charged lipids for obtaining a stable and functionally folded conformation. In contrast, the Gram-positive B. subtilis MraY not only tolerates detergent but is also less specific for its lipid environment. The MraY #x00B7;nanodisc complexes were able to reconstitute a complete in vitro lipid I and lipid II forming pipeline in combination with the cell-free expressed soluble enzymes MurA-F and with the membrane-associated protein MurG. As a proof of principle for future screening platforms, we demonstrate the inhibition of the in vitro lipid II biosynthesis with the specific inhibitors fosfomycin, feglymycin, and tunicamycin.
- Simulation of semi-crystalline polyethylene: Effect of short-chain branching on tie chains and trapped entanglements
- Moyassari, A., Mostafavi, H., Gkourmpis, T., Hedenqvist, M.S., Gedde, U.W., Nilsson, F. | Polymer (v.72 / pp.177-184 / 20150032-3861)
- A Monte-Carlo simulation method for assessing the tie chain and trapped entanglement concentration in linear polyethylene was extended to enable the simulation of explici
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A Monte-Carlo simulation method for assessing the tie chain and trapped entanglement concentration in linear polyethylene was extended to enable the simulation of explicitly branched polyethylene. A subroutine was added to the model making possible the incorporation of different branch lengths and distributions. In addition, the microstructure of branched polyethylene was considered to be made of lamellar stacks of different thicknesses, acknowledging the segregation phenomenon during crystallization. Also, based on complete exclusion of bulky branches from the crystal lattice, a 'pull-out' mechanism was developed for the relaxation of branched parts of polyethylene chains in the vicinity of the crystal layer. Simulations of two series of real polyethylene samples showed the effect of short-chain branching on the concentrations of tie chains and trapped entanglements. Introducing a few branches to an unbranched polyethylene increased the concentration of inter-lamellar connections significantly. This effect decayed if the number of branches was further increased. The tracking of the position of all the carbon atoms during the crystallization process was implemented in the model, making the average square end-to-end distance 2 gt; of polyethylene chains calculable. Simulation of chains with the same molar mass but with different branch contents showed a reduction in the average end-to-end distance with increased branching. The use of real molar mass distribution data was also added to the model features.
- Promoting Representational Competence with Molecular Models in Organic Chemistry
- Stull, Andrew T., Gainer, Morgan, Padalkar, Shamin, Hegarty, Mary | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.6 / pp.994-1001 / 20160021-9584)
- Mastering the many different diagrammatic representations of molecules used in organic chemistry is challenging for students. This article summarizes recent research show
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Mastering the many different diagrammatic representations of molecules used in organic chemistry is challenging for students. This article summarizes recent research showing that manipulating 3-D molecular models can facilitate the understanding and use of these representations. Results indicate that students are more successful in translating between diagrams when they have models available, that using a model to enact the translation process in the world is predictive of learning, and that using models as feedback (to check the accuracy of diagram translation) is particularly effective. Model-based feedback is superior to verbal feedback alone, models scaffold learning rather than act as a crutch, learning with model-based instruction is resilient over a delay of several days, and learning with models transfers to performance when models are no longer available. Finally, virtual models are equivalent to hand-held models in promoting learning in the studied contexts. Graphic Abstract
- Chloride sources in urban and rural headwater catchments, central New York
- Gutchess, K., Jin, L., Lautz, L., Shaw, S.B., Zhou, X., Lu, Z. | The Science of the total environment (v.565 / pp.462-472 / 20160048-9697)
- Road salt used as a deicing agent in winter months has become an emerging contaminant to streams and groundwater. In central New York, road salts are applied heavily duri
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Road salt used as a deicing agent in winter months has become an emerging contaminant to streams and groundwater. In central New York, road salts are applied heavily during winter months. Recognizing potential sources of salinity to a river may reveal processes controlling the salinization of freshwater systems, with implications for future management practices. The Tioughnioga River, located in central New York, is a headwater of the Susquehanna River, which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Salinity of the Tioughnioga River water has been increasing since the late 1930s. In this study, water samples were collected weekly at the East and West Branches of the Tioughnioga River from 2012 to 2014. We characterize natural and anthropogenic sources of salinity in the Tioughnioga River, using two independent approaches: (1) chloride to bromide ratios (Cl/Br) and (2) linear discriminant analysis. Ratios of Cl/Br suggest that road salt runoff influence is notable in both branches, but is more significant in the West Branch, consistent with a greater area of urban land. Linear discriminant analysis confirms the results of Cl/Br in the West Branch and further indicates presence of Appalachian Basin Brines in the East Branch, although their contribution may be volumetrically small. Longitudinal stream Cl concentration profiles indicate that sources of pollution are particularly concentrated around urban areas. Residence time of Cl in the watershed is estimated to be approximately 20 to 30years using a mixing model, suggesting that stream Cl concentrations likely will continue to rise for several decades.
- Identification of Cardiac Mitochondrial Chloride Intracellular Channel (CLIC) Proteins and their Physiological Function
- Ponnalagu, D., Gururaja Rao, S., Bednarczyk, P., Feng, Y., Farber, J., Thanawala, R., Tafsirul Hussain, A., Chrisostome Bopassa, J., Szewczyk, A., Singh, H. | Biophysical journal (v.110 / no.3 / pp.453a / 20160006-3495)
- Three different methods which are alternately conventional, Compton backscattering and Undulator based methods employed for the production of positrons. The positrons to
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- Improved intracellular delivery of peptide- and lipid-nanoplexes by natural glycosides
- Weng, A., Manunta, M.D.I., Thakur, M., Gilabert-Oriol, R., Tagalakis, A.D., Eddaoudi, A., Munye, M.M., Vink, C.A., Wiesner, B., Eichhorst, J., Melzig, M.F., Hart, S.L. | Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society (v.206 / pp.75-90 / 20150168-3659)
- Targeted nanocarriers undergo endocytosis upon binding to their membrane receptors and are transported into cellular compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes. In
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Targeted nanocarriers undergo endocytosis upon binding to their membrane receptors and are transported into cellular compartments such as late endosomes and lysosomes. In gene delivery the genetic material has to escape from the cellular compartments into the cytosol. The process of endosomal escape is one of the most critical steps for successful gene delivery. For this reason synthetic lipids with fusogenic properties such as 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) are integrated into the nanocarriers. In this study we show that a natural, plant derived glycoside (SO1861) from Saponaria officinalis L. greatly improves the efficacy of lipid based as well as non-lipid based targeted nanoplexes consisting of a targeted K 16 peptide with a nucleic acid binding domain and plasmid-DNA, minicircle-DNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA). By confocal live cell imaging and single cell analyses, we demonstrate that SO1861 augments the escape of the genetic cargo out of the intracellular compartments into the cytosol. Co-localisation experiments with fluorescence labelled dextran and transferrin indicate that SO1861 induces the release of the genetic cargo out of endosomes and lysosomes. However, the transduction efficacy of a lentivirus based gene delivery system was not augmented. In order to design receptor-targeted nanoplexes (LPD) with improved functional properties, SO1861 was integrated into the lipid matrix of the LPD. The SO1861 sensitized LPD (LPDS) were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Compared to their LPD counterparts the LPDS-nanoplexes showed a greatly improved gene delivery. As shown by differential scanning calorimetry SO1861 can be easily integrated into the lipid bilayer of glycerophospholipid model membranes. This underlines the great potential of SO1861 as a new transfection multiplier for non-viral gene delivery systems.
- Super Toughened and High Heat-Resistant Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Blends by Enhancing Interfacial Bonding and PLA Phase Crystallization
- Lin, Ling, Deng, Cong, Lin, Gong-Peng, Wang, Yu-Zhong | Industrial engineering chemistry research (v.54 / no.21 / pp.5643-5655 / 20150888-5885)
- Polycarbonate (PC) was incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare the high-PLA-content ( ge;66 wt %) PLA/PC blends with high impact strength and heat distortion
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Polycarbonate (PC) was incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare the high-PLA-content ( ge;66 wt %) PLA/PC blends with high impact strength and heat distortion temperature (HDT) via adding a compatibilizer to tailor the interfacial bonding and annealing to enhance the crystallization of PLA phase with the aid of an impact modifier. On the basis of the tensile test, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope observations, the change from the yielding behavior dominated by shear-yielding to a coexistence of shear-yielding and crazing should be the leading reason for the significant improvement of impact strength for the annealed PLA/PC blends. The increase of the ability to sustain the high local stress also played an important role in the improvement of impact strength. Meanwhile, the increase of HDT should be resulting from the formation of a rigid three-dimensional framework composed of rigid PC particles and PLA crystals formed in the PLA/PC blends. Graphic Abstract
- Design of the 15 GHz BPM test bench for the CLIC test facility to perform precise stretched-wire RF measurements
- Zorzetti, Silvia, Fanucci, Luca, Mu?oz, Natalia Galindo, Wendt, Manfred | Measurement science technology (v.26 / no.9 / pp.094005 / 20150957-0233)
- The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) requires a low emittance beam transport and preservation, thus a precise control of the beam orbit along up to 50 km of the accelerator
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The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) requires a low emittance beam transport and preservation, thus a precise control of the beam orbit along up to 50 km of the accelerator components in the sub- #956;m regime is required. Within the PACMAN 3 (Particle Accelerator Components Metrology and Alignment to the Nanometer Scale) PhD training action a study with the objective of pre-aligning the electrical centre of a 15 GHz cavity beam position monitor (BPM) to the magnetic centre of the main beam quadrupole is initiated. Of particular importance is the design of a specific test bench to study the stretched-wire setup for the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) BPM, focusing on the aspects of microwave signal excitation, transmission and impedance-matching, as well as the mechanical setup and reproducibility of the measurement method.
- Cultural Humility : A Concept Analysis
- Foronda, Cynthia, Baptiste, Diana-Lyn, Reinholdt, Maren M., Ousman, Kevin | Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society (v.27 / no.3 / pp.210-217 / 20161043-6596)
- Diversity is being increasingly recognized as an area of emphasis in health care. The term cultural humility is used frequently but society #x2019;s understanding of the
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Diversity is being increasingly recognized as an area of emphasis in health care. The term cultural humility is used frequently but society #x2019;s understanding of the term is unclear. The aim of this article was to provide a concept analysis and a current definition for the term cultural humility. Cultural humility was used in a variety of contexts from individuals having ethnic and racial differences, to differences in sexual preference, social status, interprofessional roles, to health care provider/patient relationships. The attributes were openness, self-awareness, egoless, supportive interactions, and self-reflection and critique. The antecedents were diversity and power imbalance. The consequences were mutual empowerment, partnerships, respect, optimal care, and lifelong learning. Cultural humility was described as a lifelong process. With a firm understanding of the term, individuals and communities will be better equipped to understand and accomplish an inclusive environment with mutual benefit and optimal care.
- Epigenetic screening of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma identifies hypomethylation of CLIC3 as a common alteration
- Wang, Z., Ling, S., Rettig, E., Sobel, R., Tan, M., Fertig, E.J., Considine, M., El-Naggar, A.K., Brait, M., Fakhry, C., Ha, P.K. | Oral oncology (v.51 / no.12 / pp.1120-1125 / 20151368-8375)
- Objectives: The role of promoter methylation in the development of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the epigenet
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Objectives: The role of promoter methylation in the development of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic landscape of MEC. Methods: The Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array and differential methylation analysis were utilized to screen for epigenetic alterations in 14 primary MEC tumors and 14 matched normal samples. Bisulfite sequencing was used to validate these results, with subsequent quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR (qMSP) to validate chloride intracellular channel protein 3 (CLIC3) in a separate cohort. Furthermore, CLIC3 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed in another separate cohort of MEC. Finally, clinical and pathological characteristics were statistically analyzed for correlation with methylation status of CLIC3 and CLIC3 IHC H-scores by Wilcoxon rank sum, Kruskall-Wallis, and X 2 test tests. Results: We obtained 6 significantly differentially methylated gene candidates demonstrating significant promoter hyper- or hypo-methylation from the array data. Using bisulfite sequencing, we found one gene, CLIC3, which showed differential methylation between MEC tumor and normal samples in a small validation cohort. qMSP analysis of the CLIC3 promoter in a separate validation set showed significantly lower methylation level in tumor than in normal. The level of CLIC3 methylation in MECs was not statistically correlated with clinical or pathological characteristics. However, IHC staining intensity and distribution of CLIC3 were significantly increased in MECs, compared with those of normal salivary gland tissues. Conclusions: Hypomethylation of CLIC3 promoter and its overexpression are significant events in MEC. Its functional role and potential therapeutic utility in MEC are worthy of further exploration.
- Impurity segregation in zone-refined precursors for crystalline halide scintillators
- Swider, S., Lam, S., Motakef, S., Donohoe, E., Coers, L., Taylor, S., Spencer, S. | Nuclear instruments methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment (v.784 / pp.5-8 / 20150168-9002)
- Successful growth of halide scintillator crystals depends on a supply of ultra-high purity (UHP) precursor materials. Metallic interstitials and substitutions may provide
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Successful growth of halide scintillator crystals depends on a supply of ultra-high purity (UHP) precursor materials. Metallic interstitials and substitutions may provide traps that quench luminescence. Oxygen impurities can create competing compounds within a matrix, such as oxyhalides, that disrupt crystallinity and nucleate cracks. Using mass spectroscopy and oxygen combustion analysis, we analyzed impurities in SrI 2 , EuI 2 , and YCl 3 precursors before and after zone refining. The data show most alkali and alkali earth impurities segregated easily. However, with the exception of iron, many transition metals were incorporated into the solid. Reliable oxygen measurements proved difficult to achieve. Additional oxygen was measured in nitrates and sulfates, via ion chromatography. Zone refining reduced the overall impurity content, but levels remained above a 10ppm target.
- Cinematic chronotopes., Here, now, me
- Eugeni, Ruggero | New review of film and television studies (v.13 / no.3 / pp.292-296 / 20151740-0309)
- Although cinema is now commonly recognized as a significant source of knowledge about law, in this article I argue that it is also a space in which law is questioned, ret
원문보기 >
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in cooking oil and related products from China
- Cao, Y., Harada, K.H., Liu, W., Yan, J., Zhao, C., Niisoe, T., Adachi, A., Fujii, Y., Nouda, C., Takasuga, T., Koizumi, A. | Chemosphere (v.138 / pp.104-111 / 20150045-6535)
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants. It has been found that dietary intakes of SCCPs in China have recently increased and
초록보기원문보기 >
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants. It has been found that dietary intakes of SCCPs in China have recently increased and are now higher than in Japan and Korea. The contribution of cooking oil to dietary exposure to SCCPs in China was evaluated by analyzing SCCPs in cooking oil, raw seeds used to produce cooking oil, and fried confectionery products collected in China in 2010 and 2012. Detectable amounts of SCCP homologs were found in 48 out of the 49 cooking oil samples analyzed, and the SCCP concentrations varied widely, from -1 . Estimated dietary intakes of total SCCPs in cooking oil ranged from -1 . The estimated dietary intake of SCCPs was relatively high (mean 14.8 mu;gd -1 ) for residents of Beijing. Fried confectionery was found to contain SCCP concentrations of 11-1000ngg -1 . Cooking oil might therefore be one of the sources of SCCPs to Chinese diets. SCCPs were also detected in raw seeds used to produce cooking oil, but the concentrations varied widely. The SCCP homolog patterns in the raw seed and cooking oil samples were different, implying that the seeds used to produce the oil (and therefore the soil on which the seeds were produced) were unlikely to be the sources of SCCPs in cooking oil. Further investigations are needed to determine the routes through which cooking oil becomes contaminated with SCCPs during the production and processing of the oil.
- WTO negotiates tariff-free trade agreement to protect sealing industry
- | Sealing technology (v.2016 / no.1 / pp.5 / 20161350-4789)
- Representatives of the US-based Fluid Sealing Association (FSA) and the European Sealing Association (ESA) are leading efforts to create a new market access platform for
초록보기원문보기 >
Representatives of the US-based Fluid Sealing Association (FSA) and the European Sealing Association (ESA) are leading efforts to create a new market access platform for sealing device technology with the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Environmental Goods Trade Agreement (EGA).
- Chloride resistance of concrete with metakaolin addition and seawater mixing: A comparative study
- Li, Q., Geng, H., Huang, Y., Shui, Z. | Construction building materials (v.101 / no.1 / pp.184-192 / 20150950-0618)
- Chloride resistance of concrete with seawater mixing and metakaolin (MK) addition was evaluated by analytical techniques. With the combination of seawater mixing and NaCl
초록보기원문보기 >
Chloride resistance of concrete with seawater mixing and metakaolin (MK) addition was evaluated by analytical techniques. With the combination of seawater mixing and NaCl solution curing, the compressive strength of concrete increased with MK content, which prevented the decrease of strength at 56days. Both MK and seawater improved the chloride resistance which increased with MK content. The chloride ingress distance was reduced through the refinement of pore structure and immobilization of chloride by formation of Friedel's salt. The minerals after chloride attack were characterized. The microstructure analysis along ingress direction confirmed the improvement of chloride resistance by MK and seawater.
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