- Cultural diffusion in humans and other animals
- Whiten, A., Caldwell, C.A., Mesoudi, A. | Current opinion in psychology (v.8 / pp.15-21 / 20162352-250x)
- Recent years have seen an enormous expansion and progress in studies of the cultural diffusion processes through which behaviour patterns, ideas and artifacts are transmi
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Recent years have seen an enormous expansion and progress in studies of the cultural diffusion processes through which behaviour patterns, ideas and artifacts are transmitted within and between generations of humans and other animals. The first of two main approaches focuses on identifying, tracing and understanding cultural diffusion as it naturally occurs, an essential foundation to any science of culture. This endeavor has been enriched in recent years by sophisticated statistical methods and surprising new discoveries particularly in humans, other primates and cetaceans. This work has been complemented by a growing corpus of powerful, purpose-designed cultural diffusion experiments with captive and natural populations that have facilitated the rigorous identification and analysis of cultural diffusion in species from insects to humans.
- High-strength semi-crystalline hydrogels with self-healing and shape memory functions
- Kurt, B., Gulyuz, U., Demir, D.D., Okay, O. | European polymer journal (v.81 / pp.12-23 / 20160014-3057)
- We present a non-covalent approach and bulk photopolymerization method of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers to generate high-strength self-healing hydrogels with shape
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We present a non-covalent approach and bulk photopolymerization method of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers to generate high-strength self-healing hydrogels with shape-memory effect. The hydrogels consist of linear poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) or polyacrylic acid (PAAc) chains containing (meth)acrylate units with long alkyl side chains. The existence of crystalline domains and hydrophobic associations formed by side alkyl chains produces hybrid-crosslinked PDMA and PAAc hydrogels with particularly high fracture energy of 20+/-1kJm -2 and Young's modulus up to 308+/-16MPa. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels could be tailored by varying the degree of crystallinity. By choosing suitable comonomer pairs and compositions, one may vary the degree of crystallinity between 3 and 33%, which leads to two orders of magnitude change in the modulus, elongation at break, and toughness. The hydrogels undergo up to 1000 fold change in their elastic moduli by changing the temperature between below and above the melting temperature of the crystalline regions. They also exhibit self-healing and shape memory functions triggered by heating above the melting temperature. Healed hydrogels sustain up to 138+/-10MPa compressive stresses, which are around 87% of the compressive stress of the virgin gel samples.
- Synthetic and Natural Inhibitors of Phospholipases A2: Their Importance for Understanding and Treatment of Neurological Disorders
- Ong, Wei-Yi, Farooqui, Tahira, Kokotos, George, Farooqui, Akhlaq A. | ACS chemical neuroscience (v.6 / no.6 / pp.814-831 / 2015)
- Phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ) are a diverse group of enzymes that hydrolyze membrane phospholipids into arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Arachidonic acid is meta
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Phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ) are a diverse group of enzymes that hydrolyze membrane phospholipids into arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Arachidonic acid is metabolized to eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), and lysophospholipids are converted to platelet-activating factors. These lipid mediators play critical roles in the initiation, maintenance, and modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Neurological disorders including excitotoxicity; traumatic nerve and brain injury; cerebral ischemia; Alzheimer rsquo;s disease; Parkinson rsquo;s disease; multiple sclerosis; experimental allergic encephalitis; pain; depression; bipolar disorder; schizophrenia; and autism are characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, alterations in phospholipid metabolism, accumulation of lipid peroxides, and increased activities of brain phospholipase A 2 isoforms. Several old and new synthetic inhibitors of PLA 2 , including fatty acid trifluoromethyl ketones; methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate; bromoenol lactone; indole-based inhibitors; pyrrolidine-based inhibitors; amide inhibitors, 2-oxoamides; 1,3-disubstituted propan-2-ones and polyfluoroalkyl ketones as well as phytochemical based PLA 2 inhibitors including curcumin, Ginkgo biloba and Centella asiatica extracts have been discovered and used for the treatment of neurological disorders in cell culture and animal model systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize information on selective and potent synthetic inhibitors of PLA 2 as well as several PLA 2 inhibitors from plants, for treatment of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Graphic Abstract
- Allergic Rhinitis: A neglected disease - A community based assessment among adults in Delhi.
- Sinha, B, Singla, R, Chowdhury, R | Journal of postgraduate medicine (v.61 / no.3 / pp.169-175 / 20150022-3859)
- Allergic Rhinitis is rather erroneously viewed as a trivial disease. It is important in that it can significantly affect quality of life. There is paucity of community ba
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Allergic Rhinitis is rather erroneously viewed as a trivial disease. It is important in that it can significantly affect quality of life. There is paucity of community based prevalence studies on the disease in India. This study was planned to assess the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adults, the proportion of asthmatics among them, risk factors associated and treatment seeking behaviour among the patients.
- A Theory of Imagination for Organization Studies Using the Work of Cornelius Castoriadis
- Komporozos-Athanasiou, Aris, Fotaki, Marianna | Organization studies (v.36 / no.3 / pp.321-342 / 20150170-8406)
- At a time when organizations are asked to imagine themselves anew in order to survive, organizational treatments of #x2018;imagination #x2019; lack engagement with its p
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At a time when organizations are asked to imagine themselves anew in order to survive, organizational treatments of #x2018;imagination #x2019; lack engagement with its profound political and generative nature. To address this gap, the paper draws on the works of Cornelius Castoriadis (1922 #x2013;1997) and proposes a politically situated theory of imagination for organization studies. We build on Castoriadis #x2019;s core ideas of representation, signification and affect to develop a radical proposition: imagination is #x2018;where it all begins #x2019;, an inexhaustible psychosocial force driving organizations and organizing, and setting the institutionalization process in motion. To illustrate the great potential contributions of this proposition for organization studies, we discuss how three key persisting dualisms in organizational thinking, those between #x2018;representational #x2019; and #x2018;non-representational #x2019; inquiry, #x2018;body #x2019; and #x2018;mind #x2019;, and between the #x2018;private #x2019; and #x2018;public #x2019;, begin to dissolve when considered under our suggested framework. We then draw some important implications of Castoriadian imagination for charting alternative futures at times of economic and social crises, and identify some directions for future research.
- Interaction of Human Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) with Lipid Bilayers: A Fluorescence Study
- Hare, Joanna E., Goodchild, Sophia C., Breit, Samuel N., Curmi, Paul M. G., Brown, Louise J. | Biochemistry (v.55 / no.27 / pp.3825-3833 / 20160006-2960)
- Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S -transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipi
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Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S -transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipid bilayers to form an ion channel. The conversion between these forms involves a large, but reversible, structural rearrangement of the CLIC1 module. The only identified environmental triggers controlling the metamorphic transition of CLIC1 are pH and oxidation. Until now, there have been no high-resolution structural data available for the CLIC1 integral membrane state, and consequently, a limited understanding of how CLIC1 unfolds and refolds across the bilayer to form a membrane protein with ion channel activity exists. Here we show that fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to establish the interaction and position of CLIC1 in a lipid bilayer. Our method employs a fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) approach between CLIC1 and a dansyl-labeled lipid analogue to probe the CLIC1 ndash;lipid interface. Under oxidizing conditions, a strong FRET signal between the single tryptophan residue of CLIC1 (Trp35) and the dansyl-lipid analogue was detected. When considering the proportion of CLIC1 interacting with the lipid bilayer, as estimated by fluorescence quenching experiments, the FRET distance between Trp35 and the dansyl moiety on the membrane surface was determined to be sim;15 A. This FRET-detected interaction provides direct structural evidence that CLIC1 associates with membranes. The results presented support the current model of an oxidation-driven interaction of CLIC1 with lipid bilayers and also propose a membrane anchoring role for Trp35. Graphic Abstract
- The archite(x/c)ture of cinematic Milan
- Melnikova, Irina | Journal of European studies (v.45 / no.2 / pp.106-121 / 20150047-2441)
- The paper focuses on the issue of cinematic representation of Milan. The approach is based on Henri Lefebvre #x2019;s well-known argument regarding the importance of the
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The paper focuses on the issue of cinematic representation of Milan. The approach is based on Henri Lefebvre #x2019;s well-known argument regarding the importance of the textual nature of the city per se applicable to the analysis of the cinematic city. The analysis considers the ways in which Italian filmmakers represent Milan. It attempts to outline the #x2018;classical map #x2019; of textual Milan created in Italian cinema and examines its changes in Luca Guadagnino #x2019;s recent film Io sono l #x2019;amore ( I Am Love , 2009). The analysis of the configuration of the diegetic city-space together with the exploration of the narrative devices in the representation of the city in Guadagnino #x2019;s film help to delineate the significance of a new cityscape and evaluate the changes to the #x2018;classical map #x2019; of cinematic Milan.
- Allergic Rhinitis: an Overview.
- Varshney, Jitendra, Varshney, Himanshu | Indian journal of otolaryngology, and head, and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India (v.67 / no.2 / pp.143-149 / 20152231-3796)
- Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by fo
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Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by four major symptoms-rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. It can also be associated with co-morbid conditions as Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis Nasal polyps. Around 20-30?% of the Indian population suffers from allergic rhinitis and that 15?% develop asthma. The diagnosis treatment of allergic rhinitis should follow ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) guidelines while of asthma should follow the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. The treatment of allergic rhinitis should combine allergen avoidance (whenever possible), pharmacotherapy, and allergen immunotherapy. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality for treating allergic rhinitis and their sensory attributes are important in patient compliance.
- Therapeutic Potential of a Drum and Dance Ceremony Based on the African Ngoma Tradition.
- Vinesett, Ava L, Price, Miurel, Wilson, Kenneth H | The journal of alternative and complementary medicine : research on paradigm, practice, and policy (v.21 / no.8 / pp.460-465 / 20151075-5535)
- Ngoma ceremonies are used throughout Central and South Africa to help people address 'difficult issues,' including medical illness. They are examples of ceremonies that u
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Ngoma ceremonies are used throughout Central and South Africa to help people address 'difficult issues,' including medical illness. They are examples of ceremonies that use strong rhythms and dance for this purpose in indigenous cultures throughout the world. This study sought to modify an ngoma ceremony to make it appropriate for biomedical use and to determine its acceptance and potential for benefit for people living in the United States.
- Chloride penetration in cracked mortar and the influence of autogenous crack healing
- Maes, M., Snoeck, D., De Belie, N. | Construction building materials (v.115 / pp.114-124 / 20160950-0618)
- Cracks in cementitious materials have a negative influence on the durability in aggressive environments, especially in marine environments since chlorides and sulphates a
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Cracks in cementitious materials have a negative influence on the durability in aggressive environments, especially in marine environments since chlorides and sulphates are able to penetrate faster. Since constructions in marine environments mostly have an important social function with a high economic impact, repair of the cracks is of utmost importance. In this paper, the ability of the material to heal 100 mu;m and 300 mu;m cracks autogenously in marine environments is investigated. To do so, some Ordinary Portland Cement mortar samples and Blast-furnace Slag blended mortar samples were permanently immersed in chloride solutions as well as in combined chloride and sulphate solutions. Another part of the samples were exposed to wet-dry cycles in water and in chloride solutions. Autogenous crack healing was evaluated by means of microscopic measurements. The resistance against chloride penetration was measured by means of colorimetric measurements and chloride profiles. It was shown that cementitious materials, exposed to a simulated marine environment, are able to heal or seal crack widths up to 100 mu;m. Autogenous healing is obtained by ongoing hydration, calcium carbonate precipitation as well as by formation of a layer of magnesium and sulphate reaction products (brucite) at the surface. Furthermore, the resistance against chloride penetration improves due to the healing process. However, the efficiency depends on the initial crack width.
- Animal and Education Contributed Papers
- | In vitro cellular developmental biology. Animal (v.52 / no.1 / pp.29-31 / 20161071-2690)
- Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
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- Semi-crystalline polymethylene-b-poly(acrylic acid) diblock copolymers: aggregation behavior, confined crystallization and controlled growth of semicrystalline micelles from dilute DMF solution
- Wang, Hongfang, Wu, Cong, Xia, Guangmei, Ma, Zhi, Mo, Guang, Song, Rui | Soft matter (v.11 / no.9 / pp.1778-1787 / 20151744-683x)
- In this paper, we have systematically investigated the aggregation behavior, confined crystallization and controlled growth of a novel polyolefin analogue-containing bloc
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In this paper, we have systematically investigated the aggregation behavior, confined crystallization and controlled growth of a novel polyolefin analogue-containing block copolymers (BCPs), i.e. , polymethylene- b -poly(acrylic acid) diblock copolymers (PM- b -PAA). On cooling from a homogenous DMF solution at 80 °C, PM- b -PAA was found to crystallize and aggregate with well-defined disk-like micelles. The aggregate behavior and in-plane morphology of PM- b -PAA could be easily controlled by modifying the block ratio, solution pH and solvent composition (DMF ndash;water), by manipulating the crystallization of PM block and the stretching degree of solvated PAA corona. Further investigation of the crystalline feature of PM- b -PAA indicated that the crystallization of PM was retarded by tethered amorphous PAA segments. The crystalline micelle could construct a nano-confined environment with PM folding as the core into a thickness of the mono-layered polyethylene. Finally, when cultured in dilute DMF solution at 50 °C, the initial crystalline micelles, being as self-seeds, could follow a living growth mechanism and develop into single crystals, with well-defined lozenge-shaped morphology. Graphic Abstract Systematic investigation into the aggregation behavior and controlled growth of semi-crystalline polymethylene- b -poly(acrylic acid), which can aggregate into disk-like micelles and develop into single crystals with the confined core.
- Chloride binding of synthetic Ca-Al-NO3 LDHs in hardened cement paste
- Chen, Y., Shui, Z., Chen, W., Chen, G. | Construction building materials (v.93 / pp.1051-1058 / 20150950-0618)
- The chloride binding of synthetic Ca-Al-NO 3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the removal of chloride ions from pore solution of cementitious materials is studied.
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The chloride binding of synthetic Ca-Al-NO 3 layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the removal of chloride ions from pore solution of cementitious materials is studied. The Ca-Al-NO 3 LDHs is synthesized and characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and XRF analysis. Results of direct anion exchange tests show that chloride substitutes nitrate in the interlayer of Ca-Al-NO 3 LDHs in aqueous solution and the adsorption model fits the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the structural change of Ca-Al-NO 3 LDHs in simulated pore solution and its transformation after binding chloride are investigated. Cement pastes with Ca-Al-NO 3 LDHs are prepared with chloride solution. Microstructural analysis shows that the Ca-Al-NO 3 LDHs can immobilize the chlorides in the hardened cement pastes.
- Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and hayfever symptoms among children are associated with frequency of truck traffic near residences: a cross sectional study.
- Shirinde, Joyce, Wichmann, Janine, Voyi, Kuku | Environmental health: a global access science source (v.14 / no.1 / pp.84 / 2015)
- Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an increasing and common condition affecting many people globally, especially children. The aim of the study was to investigate the association
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Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an increasing and common condition affecting many people globally, especially children. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the frequency of truck traffic and allergic rhinitis symptoms, rhinoconjunctivitis and hayfever among 13 to 14??year old school children in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa.
- Chloride-induced shape transformation of silver nanoparticles in a water environment
- Zhang, L., Li, X., He, R., Wu, L., Zhang, L., Zeng, J. | Environmental pollution (v.204 / pp.145-151 / 20150269-7491)
- The effects of chloride on dissolution and toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been well studied. However, their intermediate shapes during the transition have
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The effects of chloride on dissolution and toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been well studied. However, their intermediate shapes during the transition have not been illustrated to-date. Herein, the chloride-induced shape transformation process of AgNPs under long-term, low-concentration conditions is explored. A unique triangular Ag-AgCl heterostructure is observed. The structure then evolves into a symmetric hexapod and finally into a smaller AgNP. This transformation process could be affected by other environmental conditions, such as 0.4 mg/mL humic acid, 5% surfactants and 1 mg/mL bovine serum albumin protein. Our results offer new knowledge regarding the shape transformation process of AgNPs in the presence of chloride, which can be valuable in relevant studies concerning the effect of water chemistry on the behavior of AgNPs.
- Community and cosmopolitanism in the new Ubud
- MacRae, G. | Annals of tourism research (v.59 / pp.16-29 / 20160160-7383)
- Ubud has, since the 1930s, represented a distinctive model of tourism in Bali-based on ''traditional culture'' but also engagement of foreigners with the local community
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Ubud has, since the 1930s, represented a distinctive model of tourism in Bali-based on ''traditional culture'' but also engagement of foreigners with the local community in which the line between ''tourists who stay longer'' and an expatriate community has been blurred. From the 1970s tourist and expatriate numbers increased steadily and since 2010 numbers have exploded and new kinds of tourists and expatriates and new relationships with local culture and community have developed. Ubud is no longer a village-with-tourists but a diversifying international town. This article documents this ''new Ubud'' and argues that the categories of tourism studies are inadequate for making sense of it, suggesting instead cosmopolitanism as a potentially more useful tool for understanding this transformation.
- Semi-crystalline terpolymers with varying chain sequence structures derived from CO2, cyclohexene oxide and ?-caprolactone: one-step synthesis catalyzed by tri-zinc complexes
- Xu, Y., Wang, S., Lin, L., Xiao, M., Meng, Y. | Polymer chemistry (v.6 / no.9 / pp.1533-1540 / 20151759-9954)
- A series of poly(oligooxyethyleneoxy-1,2-phenylene)s having the formula [graphic omitted] where n = 2, 3 and 5, have been synthesised with molecular weights of ca. 1
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- Injection Augmentation for Chronic Cough
- Crawley, B.K., Murry, T., Sulica, L. | Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation (v.29 / no.6 / pp.763-767 / 20150892-1997)
- Objectives/Hypothesis: Chronic cough (CC) is a pervasive and expensive health problem in the United States. Almost as diverse as its etiologies are the available therapeu
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Objectives/Hypothesis: Chronic cough (CC) is a pervasive and expensive health problem in the United States. Almost as diverse as its etiologies are the available therapeutic options. When vocal fold paresis and CC coincide, injection augmentation may provide an alternative to standard medical and behavioral treatments for CC. Our objective was to assess the effect of injection augmentation in a selected group of patients with CC who had failed multiple medical and behavioral treatments. Study Design: The study design is a retrospective case review. Methods: Our study group included six subjects (1 male and 5 females; aged 24-84 y) who presented for laryngologic evaluation with a chief complaint of CC unresponsive to conventional medical and behavioral management. The cough severity index (CSI), reflux symptom index (RSI), dyspnea severity index (DSI), and voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10), as well as subjective evaluation were assessed before and after the injection augmentation of the vocal folds was undertaken. Results: Five of six patients reported subjective improvement in cough. CSI scores improved in all six (average change 7.3, range 2-13). RSI and DSI scores also improved significantly after injection, whereas VHI-10 scores did not significantly change. One patient reported transient hoarseness after injection that completely resolved. One patient received injection augmentation three times, as the material resorbed and symptoms returned. Conclusions: Injection augmentation effected relief from CC in a select group of patients with CC refractory to previous medical and/or behavioral treatments. This intervention is a novel option for such patients and offers an alternative approach to medical treatment.
- Green grabs, land grabs and the spatiality of displacement: eviction from Mozambique's Limpopo National Park
- Lunstrum, Elizabeth | Area (v.48 / no.2 / pp.142-152 / 20160004-0894)
- The Mozambican state is currently working to relocate 7000 people from the interior of the Limpopo National Park (LNP), itself part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Par
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The Mozambican state is currently working to relocate 7000 people from the interior of the Limpopo National Park (LNP), itself part of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park (GLTP). As the process began in 2003, this stands out as one of the region's most protracted contemporary conservation #8208;related evictions. I draw from this case to shed light on the increasingly complex spatial dynamics of land and green grabs and, more specifically, demonstrate the importance of zooming out from discrete land acquisitions to examine how their resulting displacements are increasingly shaped by spatial processes at and beyond their borders. In doing so, we begin to see that displacement from the LNP is not a simple case of eviction from a discrete protected area. Rather, it has been provoked by the opening of the international border, hence drawing transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) like the GLTP into the purview of land and green grabs. At the same time, competition over space with an adjacent grab ndash; a sugarcane/ethanol plantation ndash; has severely interfered with relocation, drastically prolonging it. The case, more broadly, sheds light on how conservation, agricultural extraction and climate change mitigation ndash; all forms of land acquisitions that incite dislocation ndash; come together to produce novel patterns of environmental displacement, placing profound pressures on rural communities and their abilities to occupy space and access resources, including labour opportunities.
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