Cinematic terror: a global history of terrorism on film

Tapper, Michael | Historical journal of film, radio, and television (v.35 / no.4 / pp.691-693 / 20150143-9685)

By bringing a synchronic extrapolation of certain properties of cinema and the phonograph into contact with a diachronic survey of their institutional behavior as realist

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Empirical estimation of the load bearing capacity of masonry walls under buckling - Critical remarks and a new proposal for the Eurocode 6

Bakeer, T. | Construction building materials (v.113 / pp.376-394 / 20160950-0618)

Several empirical formulae were proposed for the practical estimation of the load bearing capacity of masonry walls subjected to concentric or eccentric vertical loading

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Several empirical formulae were proposed for the practical estimation of the load bearing capacity of masonry walls subjected to concentric or eccentric vertical loading taking into account the slenderness of the wall. In the current contribution, critical remarks were made on the limitations and inconsistency of current empirical methods. The accuracy, shortcomings, and plausibility of the current existing empirical formulae have been intensively studied and compared with a reference numerical solution. It has been found that many of the available empirical methods may give unrealistic results, which lead to an overly conservative design. This can be seen particularly in the regression model-based formulae, which are less based on rational principles like the one in Eurocode 6. To solve this problem, the concept of equivalent elastic modulus has been introduced and a new empirical method has been derived taking into account the nonlinearity of the material. This method gives accurate results in comparison with the reference numerical solution and can fully exploit the considerable reserves of material strength. The new empirical method has been used as a basis to develop a formula for the Eurocode 6. The proposed formula has been showing good fitting with the experimental data.

Crystallinity and mechanical effects from annealing Parylene thin films

Jackson, N., Stam, F., O'Brien, J., Kailas, L., Mathewson, A., O'Murchu, C. | Thin solid films (v.603 / pp.371-376 / 20160040-6090)

Parylene is commonly used as thin film polymer for MEMS devices and smart materials. This paper investigates the impact on bulk properties due to annealing various types

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Parylene is commonly used as thin film polymer for MEMS devices and smart materials. This paper investigates the impact on bulk properties due to annealing various types of Parylene films. A thin film of Parylene N, C and a hybrid material consisting of Parylene N and C were deposited using a standard Gorham process. The thin film samples were annealed at varying temperatures from room temperature up to 300 o C. The films were analyzed to determine the mechanical and crystallinity effects due to different annealing temperatures. The results demonstrate that the percentage of crystallinity and the full-width-half-maximum value on the 2 theta; X-ray diffraction scan increases as the annealing temperature increases until the melting temperature of the Parylene films was achieved. Highly crystalline films of 85% and 92% crystallinity were achieved for Parylene C and N respectively. Investigation of the hybrid film showed that the individual Parylene films behave independently to each other, and the crystallinity of one film had no significant impact to the other film. Mechanical testing showed that the elastic modulus and yield strength increase as a function of annealing, whereas the elongation-to-break parameter decreases. The change in elastic modulus was more significant for Parylene C than Parylene N and this is attributed to the larger change in crystallinity that was observed. Parylene C had a 112% increase in crystallinity compared to a 61% increase for Parylene N, because the original Parylene N material was more crystalline than Parylene C so the change of crystallinity was greater for Parylene C.

Measuring the Economic Performance in Decision Making Process in the Contemporary Economies

Zefinescu, C., Ibrahim, M.A.R., Popovic, V., Mieila, M. | Procedia economics and finance (v.22 / pp.380-387 / 2015)

Analysing and measuring the economic performance of a company represents a complex process, taking into account that it is the result of a sum of factors by means of whic

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Analysing and measuring the economic performance of a company represents a complex process, taking into account that it is the result of a sum of factors by means of which the company is related to the environment, observing the way to obtain capital gain. The present paper presents an analysis of involving the information in setting a system of evaluating the performances and corporate decision making within the companies, for a sample of 168 companies in Prahova County.

Synthesis and Characterization of Calixarene Tetraethers: An Exercise in Supramolecular Chemistry for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory

Debbert, Stefan L., Hoh, Bradley D., Dulak, David J. | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.2 / pp.372-375 / 20160021-9584)

In this experiment for an introductory undergraduate organic chemistry lab, students tetraalkylate tert -butylcalix[4]arene, a bowl-shaped macrocyclic oligophenol, and

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In this experiment for an introductory undergraduate organic chemistry lab, students tetraalkylate tert -butylcalix[4]arene, a bowl-shaped macrocyclic oligophenol, and examine the supramolecular chemistry of the tetraether product by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Complexation with a sodium ion reduces the conformational mobility of the macrocycle through host ndash;guest interactions, greatly simplifying the 1 H NMR spectrum of the macrocycle and providing an excellent example of geminal coupling between the diastereotopic protons of the methylene bridges. By dealing explicitly with the organic chemistry of large molecules and host ndash;guest complementarity, this experiment provides a useful pedagogical bridge from small-molecule organic chemistry to the biochemistry of macromolecules such as enzymes. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info

Marine natural products that interfere with multiple cytoskeletal protein interactions

Kita, Masaki, Kigoshi, Hideo | Natural product reports : a journal of current developments in bio-organic chemistry (v.32 / no.4 / pp.534-542 / 20150265-0568)

Covering: up to 2014 Various marine natural products that target cytoskeletal proteins have been discovered. A few of these compounds have recently been shown to induce

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Covering: up to 2014 Various marine natural products that target cytoskeletal proteins have been discovered. A few of these compounds have recently been shown to induce or inhibit protein ndash;protein interactions. Lobophorolide, an actin filament-disrupting macrolide, binds to actin with a unique 2 : 2 stoichiometry in which two lobophorolide molecules cooperate to stabilize an actin dimer. Adociasulfates, merotriterpenoid derivatives, inhibit microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity of a motor protein kinesin by blocking both the binding of microtubules and the processive motion of kinesin along microtubules. The antitumor macrolide aplyronine A synergistically binds to tubulin in association with actin, and prevents spindle formation and mitosis. In this highlight, we address recent chemical biology studies on these mechanistically-attractive marine natural products. These findings may be useful for the design and development of new pharmacological tools and therapeutic agents. Graphic Abstract This highlight focuses on the marine natural products that target cytoskeletal proteins and modulate protein ndash;protein interactions in unique fashions.

Surfactant (PEG 400) effects on crystallinity of ZnO nanoparticles

Vidyasagar, C.C., Arthoba Naik, Y. | Arabian Journal of Chemistry (v.9 / no.4 / pp.507-510 / 20161878-5352)

The surfactant effects on the size and crystallinity of ZnO powders prepared by Solid-state mechanochemical method. The present method is a simple and efficient method fo

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The surfactant effects on the size and crystallinity of ZnO powders prepared by Solid-state mechanochemical method. The present method is a simple and efficient method for the preparation of nanoparticles with high yield at low cost. The size and crystallinity of the nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDAX). Optical properties and band gap were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD shown that the lattice constants have been changed to some extent. These results showed that the band gap energy decreases with increase in lattice constants, which can be attributed to the improvement in crystallinity of the samples. The band gap of the ZnO can be tuned in the range of 3.37-3.33eV respectively, by the use of PEG 400 surfactant.

Swelling of semi-crystalline PVDF by a PMMA-based nanostructured diblock copolymer: Morphology and mechanical properties

Oikonomou, E.K., Tence-Girault, S., Gerard, P., Norvez, S. | Polymer (v.76 / pp.89-97 / 20150032-3861)

The influence of a self-organizing diblock copolymer on the morphology, crystallinity and mechanical properties of a high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

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The influence of a self-organizing diblock copolymer on the morphology, crystallinity and mechanical properties of a high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is investigated. A spherically organized nanostructured diblock copolymer containing 25 wt% of soft acrylate block and 75 wt% of rigid polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is incorporated in PVDF in proportions varying between 12.5 and 70 wt% copolymer. DSC and DMA experiments prove the miscibility of the glassy PMMA block with the amorphous fraction of PVDF, whereas the soft block is fully segregated, preserving the nanostructuration of the diblock copolymer in the blend. Transmission electron microscopy and SAXS experiments show that the copolymer is confined into the inter-lamellar gallery of PVDF, giving rise to a swelling of the crystalline/amorphous lamellar morphology. The long period L p varies from 120 A in pure PVDF to 200 A in the presence of 25 wt% copolymer. WAXS experiments and ATR spectroscopy show that the polar beta; polymorph is favored in the blends and that the PVDF crystallinity is preserved. Tensile tests demonstrate a large improvement of the elongation at break, without significant loss of strength for samples containing lower amounts of copolymer.

Effects of carbon and oxygen on the spark plasma sintering additive-free densification and on the mechanical properties of nanostructured SiC ceramics

Lanfant, B., Leconte, Y., Bonnefont, G., Garnier, V., Jorand, Y., Le Gallet, S., Pinault, M., Herlin-Boime, N., Bernard, F., Fantozzi, G. | Journal of the European Ceramic Society (v.35 / no.13 / pp.3369-3379 / 20150955-2219)

Oxygen impurity in SiC nanopowders induces grain growth and porous structure by reacting with SiC upon sintering. As this impurity cannot be avoided in such high specific

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Oxygen impurity in SiC nanopowders induces grain growth and porous structure by reacting with SiC upon sintering. As this impurity cannot be avoided in such high specific surface materials, it is interesting to study the parameters that influence its reaction with SiC. Free C is another impurity frequently encountered in carbide materials that influences sintering and mechanical properties. In this context, beta;-SiC nanopowders were synthesized with controlled composition by laser pyrolysis in order to tune free C and O contents after air exposure. In spite of the absence of sintering additives, high densification (95.6%, grain size below 100nm) and interesting mechanical properties were obtained (hardness 2150Hv, toughness 3MPam ½ ). The influence of SPS parameters on the progression of SiC/C/O reactions was successfully highlighted. The presence of free C, while presenting the advantage of limiting grain growth, tends to impede densification and degrade mechanical properties.

Evaluating the robustness of temporal networks considering spatiality of connections

Lu, X., Wang, H., Deng, Y. | Chaos, solitons, and fractals (v.78 / pp.176-184 / 20150960-0779)

Network robustness has been a hot research area of studies on complex networks. Finding out the explanations behind the phenomena that networked systems can still functio

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Network robustness has been a hot research area of studies on complex networks. Finding out the explanations behind the phenomena that networked systems can still function efficiently after some structural damages or the malfunction of certain nodes is meaningful to both the design of solid systems and the defend against failures. It is still indistinct what kind of resilience networked systems which change their topological structures incessantly over time might have. Nevertheless, earlier studies have frequently overlooked to consider the temporal characteristics which in many real scenarios are of great concern, or have considered only the temporality without spatiality which is not reasonable in the real world case. In this paper, we first take the spatiality of connections and communications between nodes, except for the temporal ordering of connection events which has solely been noticed by previous studies, into consideration for measuring and assessing the robustness of the temporal network. We propose a novel temporal efficiency metric, and correspondingly, develop a new temporal robustness evaluation method for temporal network models. The proposed metric and method show their validity through numerical simulations of three temporal network models and we give our evaluations and discussions.

Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking of used nuclear fuel welded stainless steel canisters: A review

Xie, Y., Zhang, J. | Journal of nuclear materials = Journal des mat eacute;riaux nucl eacute;aires (v.466 / pp.85-93 / 20150022-3115)

It has been shown the salt deposition conditions in coastal areas result in chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) on the stainless steels used to contain nuc

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It has been shown the salt deposition conditions in coastal areas result in chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) on the stainless steels used to contain nuclear fuel. The present study conducts a critical review of the realistic environmental conditions in-service canisters are subjected to, including the presence of surface temperature variables, surface relative humidity, surface deposits and tensile stresses that are caused by welding processes. The CISCC related experimental results of the canister materials are also reviewed to evaluate the potential occurrence of CISCC.

Organic chemistry in Titan@?s upper atmosphere and its astrobiological consequences: I. Views towards Cassini plasma spectrometer (CAPS) and ion neutral mass spectrometer (INMS) experiments in space

Ali, A., Sittler, E.C., Chornay, D., Rowe, B.R., Puzzarini, C. | Planetary and space science (v.109 / pp.46-63 / 20150032-0633)

The discovery of carbocations and carbanions by Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) and the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) instruments onboard the Cassini spacecraft

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The discovery of carbocations and carbanions by Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) and the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) instruments onboard the Cassini spacecraft in Titan@?s upper atmosphere is truly amazing for astrochemists and astrobiologists. In this paper we identify the reaction mechanisms for the growth of the complex macromolecules observed by the CAPS Ion Beam Spectrometer (IBS) and Electron Spectrometer (ELS). This identification is based on a recently published paper (Ali et al., 2013. Planet. Space Sci. 87, 96) which emphasizes the role of Olah@?s nonclassical carbonium ion chemistry in the synthesis of the organic molecules observed in Titan@?s thermosphere and ionosphere by INMS. The main conclusion of that work was the demonstration of the presence of the cyclopropenyl cation - the simplest Huckel@?s aromatic molecule - and its cyclic methyl derivatives in Titan@?s atmosphere at high altitudes. In this study, we present the transition from simple aromatic molecules to the complex ortho-bridged bi- and tri-cyclic hydrocarbons, e.g., CH 2 + mono-substituted naphthalene and phenanthrene, as well as the ortho- and peri-bridged tri-cyclic aromatic ring, e.g., perinaphthenyl cation. These rings could further grow into tetra-cyclic and the higher order ring polymers in Titan@?s upper atmosphere. Contrary to the pre-Cassini observations, the nitrogen chemistry of Titan@?s upper atmosphere is found to be extremely rich. A variety of N-containing hydrocarbons including the N-heterocycles where a CH group in the polycyclic rings mentioned above is replaced by an N atom, e.g., CH 2 + substituted derivative of quinoline (benzopyridine), are found to be dominant in Titan@?s upper atmosphere. The mechanisms for the formation of complex molecular anions are discussed as well. It is proposed that many closed-shell complex carbocations after their formation first, in Titan@?s upper atmosphere, undergo the kinetics of electron recombination to form open-shell neutral radicals. These radical species subsequently might form carbanions via radiative electron attachment at low temperatures with thermal electrons. The classic example is the perinaphthenyl anion in Titan@?s upper atmosphere. Therefore, future astronomical observations of selected carbocations and corresponding carbanions are required to settle the key issue of molecular anion chemistry on Titan. Other than earth, Titan is the only planetary body in our solar system that is known to have reservoirs of permanent liquids on its surface. The synthesis of complex biomolecules either by organic catalysis of precipitated solutes ''on hydrocarbon solvent'' on Titan or through the solvation process indeed started in its upper atmosphere. The most notable examples in Titan@?s prebiotic atmospheric chemistry are conjugated and aromatic polycyclic molecules, N-heterocycles including the presence of imino gt;C?N-H functional group in the carbonium chemistry. Our major conclusion in this paper is that the synthesis of organic compounds in Titan@?s upper atmosphere is a direct consequence of the chemistry of carbocations involving the ion-molecule reactions. The observations of complexity in the organic chemistry on Titan from the Cassini-Huygens mission clearly indicate that Titan is so far the only planetary object in our solar system that will most likely provide an answer to the question of the synthesis of complex biomolecules on the primitive earth and the origin of life.

Quando la vita ha bisogno di quotidiano, immaginazione, ascolto.

Tognoni, Gianni | Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR (v.34 / no.1 / pp.44-46 / 20151592-5986)

When life needs routine, imagination, listening. Barbara is a 44 years old oncologist, married and with two children, that tells through others but also with her own word

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When life needs routine, imagination, listening. Barbara is a 44 years old oncologist, married and with two children, that tells through others but also with her own words of her cancer, until death. Giuseppe is a laboratory technician, researcher, mountaineer, promoter of humanitarian initiatives Bosnia and Croatia; his lateral amyotrophic sclerosis is told by his wife, in a booklet written after his death. Their two stories are the occasions for reflecting on the importance and role of closeness, listening, dreaming, narrating in improving the quality of life and care: none of these words are included in the guidelines.

Effects of crystallinity and impurities on the electrical conductivity of Li-La-Zr-O thin films

Park, J.S., Cheng, L., Zorba, V., Mehta, A., Cabana, J., Chen, G., Doeff, M.M., Richardson, T.J., Park, J.H., Son, J.W., Hong, W.S. | Thin solid films (v.576 / pp.55-60 / 20150040-6090)

We present a study of the fabrication of thin films from a Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) target using pulsed laser deposition. The effects of substrate temperatures

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We present a study of the fabrication of thin films from a Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) target using pulsed laser deposition. The effects of substrate temperatures and impurities on electrochemical properties of the films were investigated. The thin films of Li-La-Zr-O were deposited at room temperature and higher temperatures on a variety of substrates. Deposition above 600 o C resulted in a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phases of LLZO, as well as a La 2 Zr 2 O 7 impurity, and resulted in aluminum enrichment at the surface when Al-containing substrates were used. Films deposited at 600 o C exhibited the highest room temperature conductivity, 1.61x10 -6 S/cm. The chemical stability toward metallic lithium was also studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed that the oxidation state of zirconium remained at +4 following physical contact with heated lithium metal.

The London 2012 Olympics Opening Ceremony and Its Polyphonous Aftermath

Oettler, Anika | Journal of sport and social issues (v.39 / no.3 / pp.244-261 / 20150193-7235)

Global mega-events are widely perceived as a tool used by host countries #x2019; elites to propagate national narratives. But how are the messages actually decoded by int

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Global mega-events are widely perceived as a tool used by host countries #x2019; elites to propagate national narratives. But how are the messages actually decoded by international publics? The article takes the case of the London 2012 Olympics Opening Ceremony to reveal the multifaceted character of mediated responses to a global event. This case is particularly important for both postcolonial studies and globalization studies because the British self-presentation silenced the country #x2019;s imperial past. In the aftermath, there were varying degrees of both attention and interpretative depth. Most notably, the omission of the imperial past of the host country was not scandalized by most authors of the #x201C;global south. #x201D; Instead, newspaper reports were characterized by affirmation, localization, criticism, or benign neglect. Empirically, the study is based on online versions of 26 newspapers from Argentina, Cuba, Germany, Great Britain, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, United States, Zambia, Zimbabwe, as well as British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Al Jazeera.

Emergence of reticuloendotheliosis virus in pigeons in Guangdong Province, Southern China

Zhai, S. L., Chen, S. N., Lin, T., Wen, X. H., Wei, W. K., Lv, D. H., Chen, R. A. | Archives of virology (v.161 / no.7 / pp.2007-2011 / 20160304-8608)

An electron-microscope study was performed on the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus, strain T (REV), in thin-section and by the technique of negative staining (PTA). A se

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Procedure in Reduction of Distortion in Welding Process by High Temperature Thermal Transient Tensioning

Souto, J., Ares, E., Alegre, P. | Procedia engineering (v.132 / pp.732-739 / 2015)

Welding is an aggressive thermal process which in its nature results in high strain and stress state of the material and leads to its phase change. This can cause high di

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Welding is an aggressive thermal process which in its nature results in high strain and stress state of the material and leads to its phase change. This can cause high distortion in the welded structure what is often a significant design and manufacturing problem. This study deals with a lineheating forming process is applied while welding, with the final objective of minimizing the distortion. A FEM (finite element method) based on a thermo-elastoplastic approach is used here. The computational method is calibrated before in three stages, heatline forming calibration, flame heat source calibration, and weld process. The final model presented in this work will be an integration of all calibrated initial models. The tLSND (thermal low stress no distortion) technique will be designed to find an optimal solution for a long dimension T-joint.

Steroid promiscuity: Diversity of enzyme action

Lathe, R., Kotelevtsev, Y., Mason, J.I. | The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology (v.151 / pp.1-2 / 20150960-0760)

This Special Issue on the topic of Steroid and Sterol Signaling: Promiscuity and Diversity, dwells on the growing realization that the 'one ligand, one binding site' and

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This Special Issue on the topic of Steroid and Sterol Signaling: Promiscuity and Diversity, dwells on the growing realization that the 'one ligand, one binding site' and 'one enzyme, one reaction' concepts are out of date. Focusing on cytochromes P450 (CYP), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs), and related enzymes, the Special Issue highlights that a single enzyme can bind to diverse substrates, and in different conformations, and can catalyze multiple different conversions (and in different directions), thereby, generating an unexpectedly wide spectrum of ligands that can have subtly different biological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid/Sterol Signaling' .

Construction and characterization of a recombinant reticuloendotheliosis virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein

Deng, X., Hu, F., Qi, X., Gao, L., Li, K., Gao, H., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Shen, N., Hua, Y. | Archives of virology (v.160 / no.9 / pp.2231-2235 / 20150304-8608)

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Test Results of the CLIC Damping Wiggler Prototype

Bragin, Alexey V., Bernhard, Axel, Casalbuoni, Sara, Fajardo, Laura G., Ferracin, Paolo, Grau, Andreas, Gusev, Yevgeny A., Hillenbrand, Steffen, Khrushchev, Sergey V., Poletaev, Iliya V., Shkaruba, Vitalij A., Schoerling, Daniel, Syrovatin, Vassily M., Tarasenko, Olga A., Tsukanov, Valery M., Volkov, Askold A., Zolotarev, Konstantin V., Mezentsev, Nikolay A. | IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity : a publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee (v.26 / no.4 / pp.1-4 / 20161051-8223)

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will require ultralow emittance electron and positron beams. Such emittance will be achieved by radiative damping in the CLIC damping r

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The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) will require ultralow emittance electron and positron beams. Such emittance will be achieved by radiative damping in the CLIC damping rings that will be realized by a use of high-field short-period superconducting damping wigglers. In the course of the CLIC technical feasibility studies, a full-scale damping wiggler prototype was fabricated in BINP. Main parameters of the wiggler are 51 mm of period, 3 T of magnetic field, 1.8 m of magnetic length, 18 mm of the pole gap, and indirect cooling by LHe. Four cryocoolers were used in the wiggler design, which allow its ordinary operation without LHe consumption. Above the magnetic requirements, the main design challenges for this prototype are scalability, particularly of the cooling concept, modularity, and the capability of sustaining a high radiative heat load. The wiggler powering tests and performance of the cryogenic system are described in this paper.