Simulation of noise in neurons and neuronal circuits

Kilinc, Deniz, Demir, Alper | Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on (v.2015 / no.11 / pp.589-596 / 2015)

Stochastic behavior of ion channels, neurotransmitter release mechanisms and synaptic connections in neurons emerge as a source of variability and noise in neuronal circu

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Stochastic behavior of ion channels, neurotransmitter release mechanisms and synaptic connections in neurons emerge as a source of variability and noise in neuronal circuits, causing uncertainty in the computations performed by the brain. One can gain insight into this important aspect of brain mechanism via computational modeling. Stochastic behavior in neurons is usually modeled with fine-grained, discrete-state, continuous-time Markov Chains (MCs). Although these models are considered as the golden standard, they become computationally prohibitive in analyzing multi-neuron circuits. Thus, several approximate models, where the random behavior is captured by coarse-grained, continuous-state, continuous-time Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs), were proposed. In this paper, we first present a general, fine-grained modeling framework based on MC models of ion channels and synaptic processes. We then develop a formalism for automatically generating the corresponding SDE models, based on representing generic/abstract MCs as a set of chemical reactions and by utilizing techniques from stochastic chemical kinetics. With this formalism, we can exploit the sparsity and special structure in the MC models and arrive at compact SDE models. We present results obtained by our neuronal circuit simulator based on the proposed methodology in analyzing stochasticity in neurons and neuronal circuits. We employ numerical simulation techniques that were previously developed for noise in electronic circuits. We point to the use of non Monte Carlo noise analysis techniques for large-scale analysis of noise in the nervous system.

The experiment and analysis of torsion axle stiffness

Guoying Xu, Chuang Wang, Xinmin Yao, Tao Wang | Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (v.2015 / no.8 / pp.37-42 / 2015)

Variation of tank torsion axle stiffness will appear along mileage increasing, and it will affect comfort and reliable durability of tanks. In this paper, the torsion axl

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Variation of tank torsion axle stiffness will appear along mileage increasing, and it will affect comfort and reliable durability of tanks. In this paper, the torsion axle stiffness is tested for two types of tank with various mileages, and the variation tendency of tank torsion axle stiffness is obtained.

Study of success factors of TPM implementation in Indian industry towards operational excellence: An overview

Gupta, Pardeep, Vardhan, Sachit, Al Haque, Md Shazli | Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), 2015 International Conference on (v.2015 / no.3 / pp.1-6 / 2015)

Presently the manufactures are facing a great pressure to reduce cost of manufacturing and provide new and quality products in the market on a regular basis. The India's

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Presently the manufactures are facing a great pressure to reduce cost of manufacturing and provide new and quality products in the market on a regular basis. The India's manufacturing sector is striving hard towards operational excellence. Reduction of waste, improvement of quality, higher through put and overall more efficient production system is leading India towards a manufacturing revolution. A good number of companies have started implementing a range of business strategies including going lean, and using manufacturing strategies such as TPM, TQM, Six Sigma, JIT etc. to obtain operational excellence. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) refers to a management system for optimizing the productivity of manufacturing equipment. A study to evaluate the implementation aspects and success factors of TPM initiatives taken by Indian industry for achieving manufacturing excellence is carried out and presented in this paper. There remained considerable improvement in the morale of employees, skill level of employees, technological up-gradation, machine conditions, and customer satisfaction level after TPM. Also the industries remained successful in improving their overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) up to 30% and some of them achieved the world class level of 95% OEE.

Treatment for neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation using LASER in animal models

Erthal, V., Nohama, P. | Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE (v.2015 / no.8 / pp.1315-1318 / 2015)

The ST36 (Zusanli) acupuncture point is used to treat inflammatory processes, pain and gastrointestinal disturbs. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to eva

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The ST36 (Zusanli) acupuncture point is used to treat inflammatory processes, pain and gastrointestinal disturbs. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of Low-level Laser Treatment (LLLT) on ST36 acupoint using models of chronic nociception and inflammation. Male Swiss mice were treated with LLLT on ST36 30 minutes before the mechanical allodynia (von Frey) performed on the partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) method and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). The results demonstrated that application of LLLT on ST36 inhibited the mechanical allodynia response induced by PSNL and CFA, with total reversion at 30 minutes after application. Long-term treatment of animals with LLLT on the same acupoint, once a day, also reduced the PNSL and CFA-induced mechanical allodynia response during 8 days of treatment. As conclusion, the results demonstrated that photonic stimulus on ST36 with LLLT produces antinociceptive effect in chronic models of nociception and inflammation. These findings suggest that LLLT may constitute an important therapeutic alternative to control chronic pain.

Applications of a wireless chloride sensor in environmental monitoring

Harris, Nick, Cranny, Andy, Rivers, Mark, Smettem, Keith | Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), 2015 IEEE (v.2015 / no.4 / pp.1-5 / 2015)

There is an established need to measure soil salinity, and wireless sensor networks offer the potential to achieve this, coupled with a suitable sensor. However, suitable

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There is an established need to measure soil salinity, and wireless sensor networks offer the potential to achieve this, coupled with a suitable sensor. However, suitable sensors, up until very recently, have not been available. In this paper we report on the fabrication and calibration of a new low-cost, robust, screen-printed sensor for detecting chloride ions. We also report on two experiments using this sensor. The first is a laboratory-based experiment that shows how sensors can be used to validate modeling results by installing several sensors in a soil column and tracking the vertical migration of a chloride pulse in real time. The second is a trial of multiple sensors installed in a fluvarium (stream simulator) showing that distributed sensors are able to monitor real time changes in horizontal chloride flux in an emulated natural environment. We report on results from both surface flows as well as from sensors at a depth of a few mm in the fluvarium sediment, and differences and trends between the two are discussed. As an example of how such sensors are useful, we note that for the flow regime and sediment type tested, penetration of surface chloride into the river bed is unexpectedly slow and raises questions regarding the dynamics of pollutants in such systems. We conclude that such sensors, coupled with a distributed network, offer a new paradigm in hydrological monitoring and will enable new applications, such as irrigation using mixtures of potable and brackish water with significant cost and resource saving.

Seed pre-treatment of grain and vegetable crops by microwave energy

Kontar, A. A., Valevakhin, G. N., Buryak, Yu I., Bespalko, V. V., Ogurtsov, Yu Ye, Onischenko, O. I. | Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT), 2015 International Conference on (v.2015 / no.4 / pp.1-3 / 2015)

Systematic joint studies being done in laboratory and field conditions, enabled to develop a scientific concept of microwave energy influence on the rate of growth of gra

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Systematic joint studies being done in laboratory and field conditions, enabled to develop a scientific concept of microwave energy influence on the rate of growth of grain crops under a considerable reduction of chemical reactants. A model is developed that explains the effect of intensity and duration of microwave energy impact on the change of germination energy, germinating ability and productivity of grain crops using an example of successive changes in the chain of associated water - amylase - maltose - glucose depending upon the initial grain moisture content. A method of seed treatment of vegetable crops has been developed which ensures the rate of growth, which is important for vegetable farming in greenhouses. Results of increasing germinating ability of melon seeds from 10% to 83% after microwave effect are of practical interest.

The impact of Quality Maintenance Pillar of TPM on manufacturing performance

Vardhan, Sachit, Gupta, Pardeep, Gangwar, Vaibhav | Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), 2015 International Conference on (v.2015 / no.3 / pp.1-6 / 2015)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the contributions of Quality Maintenance (QM) Pillar of TPM approach in improving the product quality in a food industry manuf

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the contributions of Quality Maintenance (QM) Pillar of TPM approach in improving the product quality in a food industry manufacturing potato chips. QM Pillar is an important initiative of TPM methodology which aims to give customer delight through defect free manufacturing. The effective TPM implementation enhances production efficiency with an ultimate aim of attaining zero breakdowns, zero losses and zero defects. The focus of QM Pillar is on eliminating non-conformances in a systematic manner and maintaining equipment to produce high quality products. The QM pillar activities in the industry remained successful in reducing the customer complaints and regulatory complaints to zero. Also, considerable reduction in number of major defects occurred and leakage problems reduced from 1.20% to 0.27%. The QM pillar targets are achieved successfully by the industry such as sustaining customer complaints at zero, reduce in-process defects by 83% and reduce cost of quality by 46%.

Identification of nonlinear systems with nonlinear parameterization

Flores-Perez, A., Grave, Ileana, Yu Tang | Control Conference (ECC), 2015 European (v.2015 / no.7 / pp.610-615 / 2015)

A contraction based identification scheme for systems with nonlinear parameterizations is developed in this paper. Given a system with a general parameterization, an iden

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A contraction based identification scheme for systems with nonlinear parameterizations is developed in this paper. Given a system with a general parameterization, an identification model is proposed such that time evolution of estimation error is composed by two blocks of parameterization: one linear and one nonlinear function of linear parameterization. A particular identification algorithm, based on the proportional-integral adaptive scheme, is then formulated. Exponential convergence among the underlined and desired identification systems trajectories is analyzed by means of an averaged version for contraction.

SiC devices performance overview in EV DC/DC converter: A case study in a Nissan Leaf

Attia, Y., Abdelrahman, A., Hamouda, M., Youssef, M. | Transportation Electrification Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), 2016 IEEE Conference and Expo (v.2016 / no.6 / pp.214-219 / 2016)

This paper presents the technical and economical merits of using low losses fast switching Silicon Carbide (SiC) accumulated gate field effect transistor (ACCUFET) switch

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This paper presents the technical and economical merits of using low losses fast switching Silicon Carbide (SiC) accumulated gate field effect transistor (ACCUFET) switches in comparison with a Hybrid module of Silicon (Si) IGBT with anti-parallel schottky barrier diode (SBD) in DC/DC converter applications of the Nissan Leaf electric vehicle (EV) motor drive. The performance of the car, at steady state conditions, is studied at different temperatures. The power losses, current, voltage, torque and speed results are given. The results showed lower total switching power losses with the SiC ACCUFET. This reduction in losses was recorded at different switching frequencies in comparison to the hybrid switch. The fast switching of SiC Trench ACCUFET reduces current-voltage cross-over losses and enables high frequency operation thus achieving high record efficiency. The high frequency operation will result in a smaller foot print of the converter together with a weight reduction; thus making the car lighter. It is expected that a lighter car will result in a longer range Nissan Leaf with the same battery. Increasing the car mileage of the battery and lowering the cost of magnetic components in the EV will surpass the higher cost of the SiC ACCUFET from an economical point of view.

Identification and Estimation of temperature in Nitration process

Shobana, R., Sreepradha, C., Sobana, S., Panda, Rames C. | Technological Innovation in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR), 2015 IEEE (v.2015 / no.7 / pp.165-170 / 2015)

The nitration of organic compounds is among the basic reactions used in synthesis of many compounds used in agrochemicals industries, pharmaceuticals, dyes and agricultur

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The nitration of organic compounds is among the basic reactions used in synthesis of many compounds used in agrochemicals industries, pharmaceuticals, dyes and agriculture. The Nitration process are usually carried out as batch process in aqueous phase as they are very sensitive and liable to explode. A very close control of heat and mass transfer is necessary as it leads to selectivity of reaction under safe condition. This prevents the thermal loss of control of the system, so that the reaction temperature rise can be limited below a critical value. The Present work carries out the Identification and Estimation of model states of a runaway reaction. The temperature data are collected from exothermic reactor and the optimal model is identified using NARX method. The Kalman, Extended Kalman and Unscented Kalman filter dynamics are studied and implementation and design of the optimal filters are carried out. The filter algorithms are used to estimate the concentration and temperature in the presence of random noise in measurement. The nonlinear estimators are compared for selection of best estimator. The results are found motivating for development of control.

Identification of linear systems with nonlinear Luenberger Observers

Afri, Chouaib, Andrieu, Vincent, Bako, Laurent, Dufour, Pascal | American Control Conference (ACC), 2015 (v.2015 / no.7 / pp.3373-3378 / 2015)

The design of a nonlinear Luenberger observer for a parametrized linear system is studied. From an observability assumption of the system, the existence of such an observ

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The design of a nonlinear Luenberger observer for a parametrized linear system is studied. From an observability assumption of the system, the existence of such an observer is concluded. In a second step, a constructive novel algorithm for the identification of multi-input multi-output linear systems is suggested and is implemented on a second order system.

Identification of structured LTI MIMO state-space models

Yu, Chengpu, Verhaegen, Michel, Kovalsky, Shahar, Basri, Ronen | Decision and Control (CDC), 2015 IEEE 54th Annual Conference on (v.2015 / no.12 / pp.2737-2742 / 2015)

The identification of structured state-space model has been intensively studied for a long time but still has not been adequately addressed. The main challenge is that th

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The identification of structured state-space model has been intensively studied for a long time but still has not been adequately addressed. The main challenge is that the involved estimation problem is a non-convex (or bilinear) optimization problem. This paper is devoted to developing an identification method which aims to find the global optimal solution under mild computational burden. Key to the developed identification algorithm is to transform a bilinear estimation to a rank constrained optimization problem and further a difference of convex programming (DCP) problem. The initial condition for the DCP problem is obtained by solving its convex part of the optimization problem which happens to be a nuclear norm regularized optimization problem. Since the nuclear norm regularized optimization is the closest convex form of the low-rank constrained estimation problem, the obtained initial condition is always of high quality which provides the DCP problem a good starting point. The DCP problem is then solved by the sequential convex programming method. Finally, numerical examples are included to show the effectiveness of the developed identification algorithm.

Identification of Volterra-PARAFAC models using partial update LMS algorithms

Ben Ahmed, Zouhour, Favier, Gerard, Derbel, Nabil | Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC), 2015 7th International Conference on (v.2015 / no.12 / pp.1-4 / 2015)

Volterra models can be used to represent a nonlinear systems with vanishing memory. The main drawback of these models is their huge number of parameters to be estimated.

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Volterra models can be used to represent a nonlinear systems with vanishing memory. The main drawback of these models is their huge number of parameters to be estimated. To reduce this parametric complexity, we can consider Volterra kernels of order (p gt; 2) as symmetric tensors and we use a parallel factor (PARAFAC) decomposition of the kernels to derive Volterra-PARAFAC models. In this paper, we present partial update LMS algorithms for identifying nonlinear third-order Volterra-PARAFAC models. Two partial update adaptive LMS algorithms are proposed when input-output signals are real-valued: periodic and sequential partial update version of the LMS. Some simulation results illustrate the proposed identification methods.

Morphological decomposition in second language derivational processing

Zhang, Beizhen | Information and Automation, 2015 IEEE International Conference on (v.2015 / no.8 / pp.1743-1747 / 2015)

In order to detect the morphological decomposition in L2 processing of polymorphemic words, the present study has used one behavioral task #x2014;the masked priming to mo

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In order to detect the morphological decomposition in L2 processing of polymorphemic words, the present study has used one behavioral task #x2014;the masked priming to monitor the online L2 derivational processing. Experiment results showed great priming effects when the derived words were presented before their stems (e.g., speaker-speak), indicating the morphological decomposition in L2 processing. It was also discovered that, the decomposition takes place for all the derived words, regardless of participants' familiarity with them. Based on these results, it was proposed that, the morphological decomposition is an automatic processing mechanism for polymorphemic words. As a universal mechanism, it can be used by both L1 and L2 speakers. Based on these findings, it is suggested that, the natural language processing and artificial language decoding research should stress the discovery and application of universal language patterns.

IM3 injection technique for improving the linearity of an RF power amplifier

Fahimi, Zahra, Dehghani, Rasoul | Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2015 23rd Iranian Conference on (v.2015 / no.5 / pp.1112-1117 / 2015)

Linearity and efficiency are two challenging parameters in an RF power amplifier. This is because there is a trade-off between linearity of a PA and its efficiency. This

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Linearity and efficiency are two challenging parameters in an RF power amplifier. This is because there is a trade-off between linearity of a PA and its efficiency. This can be a bottleneck in many of modern wireless systems especially those are to be designed for transmission of non-constant envelope signals. This paper presents an efficient predistortion method based on digital baseband injection of appropriate signals to the input to lower the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) parameter. A mathematical method is given to describe the nonlinear relationship between input and output of the PA The optimum values for the injection signals at the intermodulation frequencies are obtained. In comparison with previous works, the proposed method is relatively low cost and high efficient. Simulation results show that the proposed method is capable of remarkably reducing spectral regrowth in adjacent channels for different non-constant envelope signals. For a QPSK signal, the spectral regrowth and ACPR of the PA are decreased by 20dB and 26dB, respectively.

Simulation studies on bipolar electrostatic chucks

Chih-Hung Li, Yi-Fan Chiu, Yu Yi-Hsiuan, Jian-Zhang Chen | Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT), 2015 10th International (v.2015 / no.10 / pp.382-385 / 2015)

We use Comsol Multiphysics, a finite element simulation tool to study a bipolar electrostatic chuck (E-chuck). The influences of the substrate and dielectric types, wafer

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We use Comsol Multiphysics, a finite element simulation tool to study a bipolar electrostatic chuck (E-chuck). The influences of the substrate and dielectric types, wafer thickness, and air gap are investigated.

Community recycling models for remanufacturing system

Minhong, Zhang, Yuqiang, Fu | Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2015 27th Chinese (v.2015 / no.5 / pp.3920-3924 / 2015)

This article reports the results of a study that explores the choice of the community recycling channels in the closed-loop supply chain. The used products are collected

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This article reports the results of a study that explores the choice of the community recycling channels in the closed-loop supply chain. The used products are collected by the manufacturer or community service center. A model contains single manufacturer and single community service center was established and solved based on the relationship between unit take-back cost, the beginning investment parameter and the return rate. In addition, we show that simple coordination mechanisms can be designed such that the collection effort of community service center and the supply chain profits are attained at the same level as in a centrally coordinated system. In order to explain the remanufacturing impact on enterprise profits, we also consider the case of no recycling as a comparison.

Energy Aware Scheduling of HPC Tasks in Decentralised Cloud Systems

Alsughayyir, Aeshah, Erlebach, Thomas | Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP), 2016 24th Euromicro International Conference on (v.2016 / no.2 / pp.617-621 / 2016)

The increased computational needs in many sectors place huge demands on cloud computing. Power consumption and resource pool capacity are two of the challenges faced by t

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The increased computational needs in many sectors place huge demands on cloud computing. Power consumption and resource pool capacity are two of the challenges faced by the next generation of high performance computing (HPC). This paper aims at minimising the computing-energy consumption in decentralised multi-cloud systems using Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) when scheduling dependent HPC tasks under deadline constraints. We propose an energy-aware scheduling algorithm EAGS. To demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm EAGS, we compare it with the Cloud min-min Scheduling (CMMS) algorithm in different experiments. The simulation results show that our algorithm can produce energy consumption lower than CMMS by an average of 63.9%.

Research on evaluating and measuring operational risk in commercial banks based on internal control

Baobao Li, Yanfeng Wang | Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS), 2015 IEEE International Conference on (v.2015 / no.8 / pp.604-610 / 2015)

Operational risk covers all operations of commercial banks and has a close relationship with the bank's internal control. However, in the commercial banks' management pra

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Operational risk covers all operations of commercial banks and has a close relationship with the bank's internal control. However, in the commercial banks' management practice, internal control is always separated from the operational risk measurement. With the increasing of operational risk events in recent years, operational risk has been given more and more attention by regulators and management. The paper first discussed the relationship between internal control and operational risk management and used CVaR-POT model to measure operational risk, and then put forward a modified measurement method (to use operational risk evaluation results to modify the measurement results of the CVaR-POT model). The paper also analyzed the necessity and rationality of this method. The method takes into consideration the influence of internal control. It improves the accuracy and effectiveness of operational risk measurement, and saves the economic capital for commercial banks, avoiding the drawbacks of using some mainstream models one-sidedly.

Influence of an initial chemical state of cation impurities on their diffusion in ionic crystals

Ghyngazov, S. A., Frangulyan, T. S., Chernyavskii, A. V. | Control and Communications (SIBCON), 2015 International Siberian Conference on (v.2015 / no.5 / pp.1-4 / 2015)

Depth profiles of magnesium, fluorine and oxygen impurities was examined in the surface layers of alkali-halide crystals using method of secondary ion mass spectrometry.

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Depth profiles of magnesium, fluorine and oxygen impurities was examined in the surface layers of alkali-halide crystals using method of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Samples of potassium bromide, coated with a surface film of magnesium fluoride were subjected to isothermal diffusion annealing in air at various times. It is shown that the diffusion of O ions occurs from the ambient atmosphere besides the diffusion of Mg and F ions during annealing of KBr crystals. Accurate estimation of the diffusion coefficients of cationic impurity Mg requires taking into account the possible interaction of this impurity and oxygen. The effect of an intensive electron beam on diffusion of magnesium impurity in crystals of fluoride of lithium is studied.