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Emission spectroscopy for analysis (¿µ¹®)

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TZ-SHR-1056055
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2019.09.17
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48 page / 1.55 MB
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  electron excitations in hydrogen atom  bohr`s planetary model of hydrogen atom  
electron in h atom can be exited to higher energy levels : e1, e2 e3.
related to the coresponding orbits (shells sourounding the nucleous)
n1  n2  n3  n4 n5    atomic emission of light  
only certain energies are emitted by the atom.
excitation pushes the electrons to higher energy orbits
falling down,  re-emision of energy in form of light  n1  n2  n3  n4 n5  difference in energy between the two states  ephoton h    detection of light  
the emitted light is dispersed into its component wavelengths by prism or grating.
prism  grating  
detector: photoelectric device or photographic film
  atomic emission of light from h atom  656 nm  486 nm  434 nm  
spectrum of light emitted by h atom, characteristic for hydrogen, contains information about energy levels in atom:
hc e1 h     excitation of outer electrons in fe atom  
emission spectrum of fe atom, calibration standard
energy levels of the outer electrons in the neutral iron atom, excited electrons return (like ball rolling down steps) emitting light, which
has specific energy defined by the spacing of energy levels
neutral atom    origin of light emission  
when the electrons in the atom are excited, for example
by being heated, the additional energy pushes the electrons
to higher energy orbits.when the electrons fall back down and leave the excited state, energy is re-emitted in the form of
a photon of light.the wavelength (or frequency) of the photon
is determined by the difference in energy between the two states.these emitted photons form the elements emission spectrum.
the fact that only certain colors appear in an elements atomic emission spectrum means that only certain frequencies of light are emitted.each of these frequencies are related to energy by the formula: ephoton h,
where e is the energy of the photon, is its frequency, and h is planck constant.
this concludes that only certain energies are emitted by the atom
  emission of radiation as x-ray  
higer energetic source, electron beam, knocks an electron from the inner atomic shell
higer level electron fills the vacancy  
in the inner shell and releases energy in form of x-ray specific for the atom
these characteristic x-rays are used to identify the composition and measure the abundance of elements in the sample.   (ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«)

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