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(¿µ¹®) Ž»ö°ú Áö½ÄÇ¥Çö

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2019.08.01
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  search techniques  
ssr(state space representations) concerns machine recognizable representations, and search techniques concerns how to reach goal state.
ssr  rules  dt  ann  search  fc/bc  tree traversal  propagation  what knowledge  how reasoning  1  (classical ai)    search techniques  search techniques:  
a systemic manner to find a sequence of operators that transforms from initial state to goal state.
breadth-first search (bfs), depth-first search (dfs), branch&bound(b&b)
hill-climbing search (hcs), best-first search (bestfs), a* search
2    search techniques  3  problem with search:  combinatorial explosion  
branching factor (b): number of operators available at a state.
depth (d): distance between initial and desired state (may be very high).
size of search space bd (in 10 step 8-puzzle ~ 210 ~ 410).
example: in 8-puzzle, b is xxx-xxx (chess?)  
two approaches to solve combinatorial explosion.
goal decomposition  bd ¢¡ n*bd/n  heuristic search  b¢¥d where b¢¥<< b    heuristic search  4  heuristics  
useful information or rule of thumbs that guide search through a problem space
may not be totally correct, but in general helpful to reach goal.
example:  
never apply an operator that leads to a state that has already been visited.
in navigator, prefer the way to reduce linear distance most to destination.
in 8-puzzle, prefer to move a tile into its desired position (number of tiles in position).
heuristic search  
search techniques using heuristic knowledge.
examples:  
hill-climbing search (hc), best-first search (bestfs), a* search(a*)
  search techniques  5  no extra knowledge  bfs: breadth first search  dfs: depth first search  accumulated cost (g)  b&b: branch and bound  heuristic estimates (h)  bestfs: best first search  simple hcs: simple hill climbing search  steepest ascent hill climbing search  combined evaluation (g h):  a*: bestfs using gh¡¯  
which one will be best?
answer: under what conditions!
  b(5)  c(7)  d(20)  e(4)  f(0)  3  5  4  g(0)  10  problem  6  
for the following search space, find exploration sequences for various search techniques-bfs, dfs,
b&b, bestfs, simple hcs, steepest-ascent hcs, a*, etc.
a(10)  4 8    knowledge representation  knowledge     (ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«)

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