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The purpose of this study is to explore the background and implications of the South-North Agreements on Reconciliation, Nonaggression and Exchanges and Cooperation(Basic Agreements), that was adopted at the fifth meeting of Inter-Korean Premier¡¯s Talks in December 1991.The Basic Agreements of North and South Korea was highly welcomed by top authorities of both South and North Korea. However its implementation was frustrated at its initial stage when the North withdraw its agreement criticizing Team Spirit exercise, one of the Korea-US joint excises.The Basic Agreements constitutes a corner stone in the relationship of Inter-Korean relations: first, the Accord presented a basic framework of unification, together with the reconciliation and peaceful coexistence of two Koreas, recognizing the unification of Korean peninsula as a process; second, the Accord was the first official result of direct negotiation between two Koreas without involvement, mediation, and adjustment of any third parties; third, its comprehensive contents covered nearly every aspects of inter-Korean relations; and finally, the Accord reached to establish institutions which were expected to provide a rapproachement process with a more stable institutional framework.Considering its implications and comprehensiveness, the Basic Agreements certainly constitute a framework that is required to open a new era for reconciliation and cooperation between the two Koreas though some flaws are still to be attend to.

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North Korea hurriedly adopted the Inter-Korean Basic Agreement on the defensive worrying about absorbing it by South Korea. Through this agreement, North Korea acquired an agreement on ¡®mutual nonaggression¡¯ in external condition, and, in internal condition, intended to stabilize Kim Jung-Il successor reign by pushing ahead with developing nuclear weapons in secret and strengthening the control over people¡¯s thought through the theory of ¡®Our Own Style Socialism¡¯. However, the contents of ¡®the Inter-Korean Basic Agreement¡¯ were close to ¡®political declaration¡¯ highly beyond inter-Korean relationship at that time, thus it has been on downfall in North Korea. It was extolled as ¡®national reunification doctrine¡¯ by North Korea at the time of signing on it, 1991, put aside in North Korea¡¯s reunification policies since the middle of 1992 when nuclear issues arose, and reduced to skeleton since Kim Young-Sam government launching at 1993. It was assimilated into the June 15 Inter-Korean Joint Declaration which was signed on at the Inter-Korean Summit Talks in 2000 and has disappeared in North Korea¡¯s reunification discourses since then.

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Tourism is a representative field of exchange and cooperation projects between the two Koreas. In order to revitalize tourism exchange and cooperation between the two Koreas and to guarantee this in a legal and institutional way, it will be the most reliable way to ultimately sign an agreement between the two Koreas. Due to the nature of tourism exchange, if there is a large number of human trafficking rather than simple material movement, and furthermore, if tourism on the Korean peninsula is realized for people from around the world jointly led by the two Koreas, comprehensive legal and institutional preparations are required for the entry and exit of foreigners as well as North and South Korean residents.In the future, the agreement on inter-Korean tourism cooperation needs to reflect the contents of the agreement on personal security, travel, and mutual travel guarantees for the residents of South and North Korea at the tourist level, which is the subject of tourism cooperation. Second, it is necessary to prepare agreements for sustainable tourism cooperation by applying mutatis mutandis to the nature conservation laws of both sides for tourism resources, which are the objects of tourism cooperation. Third, it is necessary to prepare agreements on the issue of coordination with the UNC, which may arise when the South and North Korea develop joint tourism resources around the Demilitarized Zone unfolded between two Koreas and UNC.Even if the tourism cooperation between the two Koreas is stagnant at present, if the existing systems and cases of implementation are reviewed, and future development directions are sought and prepared, the tourism cooperation between the two Koreas in the future will go beyond mere activation, and it will be a cornerstone for the great development of the exchanges and cooperation between the two Koreas as well as for people around the world.

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If Inter-Korean Agreements are regarded as a treaty, it would bring legal binding force to the parties. Conversely, if considered as a gentleman¡¯s agreement (or an MOU), it would solely entail political responsibility. The enactment of the Development of Inter-Korean Relations Act and judgements made by the judiciary branch partially settled such controversy, but it did not terminate it wholly. Such controversy has been extended to whether the Inter-Korean Agreements concluded under article 23 of the Devlopment of Inter-Korean Relations Act can be legally binding in international law, namely, whether it can be regarded as a treaty or not. To resolve such disputes, under the motives that Inter-Korean relations must progress, this paper discusses the legal characteristics and status of the Inter-Korean Agreements to seek its effective application, Prior to determining the legal nature of the Inter-Korean Agreements, the legal status of North Korea has been preemptively discussed. Is North Korea an independent state? Or is it an anti-state organization? Analysis was carried out from three perspectives; a domestic view, under the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, a bilateral view (between the two Koreas), under the Inter-Korean Basic Agreement, and an international view, under the United Nations Charter and it¡¯s practices. Such analysis concluded that whatever status North Korea can be interpreted in, its eligibility as a party can be denied in neither a treaty nor an Inter-Korean Agreement.In addition, the procedural requisites for the effective application of the Inter-Korean agreement are identical to those required to legalizing international treaties under domestic law. Treaties, after the signature of parties, are followed by domestic procedures; ratification, deliberation of the state council, approval of the National Assembly, promulgation. The procedures for the effectiveness of Inter-Korean Agreements are in accordance, or at least in conformity. Such analysis were examined according to Oppenheim¡¯s five conditions of treaties; Do the parties of the treaties enjoy the ability to sign treaties? Did a legitimate person sign the treaty? Was a flawless agreement concluded between the representatives appointed by each parties? Are the contents of the treaty feasible and legal? Were certain procedures for the effectiveness of treaties carried out? Ultimately, this paper reached that the legal nature of Inter-Korean Agreements as a treaty cannot be denied.For improved transparency and legitimacy of inter-Korean relations and North Korean policies, parliamentary ratification, materializing the scope of the legal status of the inter-Korean agreements under article 23 of the Development for Inter-Korean Relations Act, registering the agreements to the United Nations, and devising dispute resolution measures have been suggested and examined in this paper.

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ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ ºÒÀÌÇàÀÇ ¿øÀΰú ÀÌÇà°¡´ÉÁ¶°ÇÀ» ³²ºÏ°ü°è¿Í ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è¿Í ³²ºÏ°ü°èÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 4°¡Áö ³íÀÇÀÎ ³²ºÏ¿ì¼±·Ð, ¹ÌºÏ¿ì¼±·Ð, ±ÕÇü¹ßÀü·Ð, ºñÇÙÈ­ ¿ì¼±·ÐÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1990³â ´ë Áß¹Ý ¹ÌºÏ Á¦³×¹ÙÇÕÀÇ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¹ÌºÏ¿ì¼±·ÐÀº ³²ºÏ°ü°è ¹ßÀüÀ» ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇß°í, 2000³â´ë ³²ºÏ¿ì¼±·Ð ¿ª½Ã ÇÙ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á ¹× ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è °³¼±À» ´Þ¼ºÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ºñÇÙÈ­¿ì¼±·Ðµµ ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±ÕÇü¹ßÀü·ÐÀÌ ³²ºÏ ¹× ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è µ¿½Ã¹ßÀü°ú ÇÙ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á°¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ¾î Á¤Ã¥±âÁ¶·Î¼­µµ Ÿ´ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ ü°áºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç±îÁö 20³â°£ÀÇ ÇÕÀÇ ÀÌÇà°ú ºÒÀÌÇàÀ» À§ÀÇ 4°¡Áö ³íÀÇ¿¡ Àû¿ëÇغ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ù°, 1991ºÎÅÍ 1992³â±îÁö´Â ÇÕÀǼ­ ü°á°ú ÀÌÇà±â·Î ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è °³¼±ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ³²ºÏ´ëÈ­´Â Áö¼ÓµÇÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. µÑ°, 1993³âºÎÅÍ 2000³â 5¿ù±îÁö´Â ÇÕÀǼ­ µ¿°á ¹× ÆÄÇà±â·Î ºÏÇÑ ÇÙ¹®Á¦·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© ³²ºÏ°ü°è°¡ ´ÜÀýµÈ ¹Ý¸é ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è°¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³²ºÏÇÑ°£ÀÇ ÇÕÀÇ°¡ µ¿°áµÇ°í ÆÄÇàµÈ °ÍÀº °á±¹ ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ¹®Á¦ ¶§¹®ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¹ÌºÏ°ü°èÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ ±àÁ¤Àû ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¼Â°, 2000³â 6¿ùºÎÅÍ 2007³â±îÁö´Â ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ ´ëü±â·Î ³²ºÏ°ü°è´Â ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è°¡ ¾ÇÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î 2008³âºÎÅÍ ÇöÀç±îÁö´Â ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ º¹±¸ ½Ãµµ±â·Î ³²ºÏ°ü°è¿Í ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è°¡ ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ ¿¬°è¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ°í Åë¹ÌºÀ³² Àü·«À» Ÿ°³Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ³²ºÏ°ü°è¿Í ¹ÌºÏ°ü°è°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ¼±¼øȯ ±¸Á¶°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ ÀÌÇàÀ» Àç°³Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Çѹ̰£ÀÇ °øÁ¶ °­È­, ¹ÌºÏÇù»óÀÇ ÁøÀü, ³²ºÏ´ëÈ­ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ̶ó´Â ¼¼ °¡Áö Á¶°ÇÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÃæÁ·µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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3Â÷ ³²ºÏ Á¤»óȸ´ã°ú Æò¾ç ³²ºÏÁ¤»óȸ´ã, ½Ì°¡Æú°ú ÇϳëÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¿­¸° ºÏ¹Ì Á¤»óȸ´ã ÀÌÈÄ, ÇѹݵµÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» Á¿ìÇÒ ºñÇÙÈ­ Çù»óÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºñÇÙÈ­ Á¶°ÇÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ºÏ¹Ì°£ ÀÔÀåÀÌ Ãæµ¹Çϸç Çù»óÀº ±³Âø±¹¸é¿¡ ºüÁ®ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¼Ò ȸÀÇÀûÀÎ Àü¸ÁÀÌ ¿¹°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀÌ´Ù. ºÏÇÑÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ºñÇÙÈ­ ½ÇÇöÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î ÀÌÀ¯´Â µ¿ºÏ¾ÆÀÇ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¾Èº¸µô·¹¸¶¿Í ¹ÌÁß°£ ÆбǰæÀï, ½Å³ÃÀüüÁ¦ÀÇ Çü¼º µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ º¯¼öµéÀÌ »óÁ¸Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Áö³­ 2018³â Æòâ µ¿°è¿Ã¸²ÇÈÀ» °è±â·Î 3Â÷·ÊÀÇ ³²ºÏ Á¤»óȸ´ã°ú 3Â÷·ÊÀÇ ºÏ¹Ì Á¤»óȸ´ãÀÌ °³ÃÖµÈ Àüȯ±âÀû ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ºÏÇÑÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ºñÇÙÈ­´Â Çѹݵµ¸¦ ³Ñ¾î µ¿ºÏ¾Æ¿Í ¼¼°èÆòÈ­¸¦ À§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÌ·ç¾î³»¾ß ÇÒ ¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·± Àǹ̿¡¼­ Æò¾ç ³²ºÏÁ¤»óȸ´ãÀº '9.19 Æò¾ç°øµ¿¼±¾ð'°ú '±º»çºÐ¾ß ÇÕÀǼ­'¸¦ ÅëÇØ ºÏÇѺñÇÙÈ­¿Í ³²ºÏ°ü°è ¹ßÀüÀ» À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ÀÌÁ¤Ç¥¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇØ ÁØ ¿ª»çÀû °è±â·Î Æò°¡µÈ´Ù. ÇÑÆí ±¹Á¦Á¤Ä¡ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Æз¯´ÙÀÓÀ¸·Î ÀÚ¸®ÀâÀº ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇ(Constructivism)´Â À̳ä°ú ¿ª»ç, ¹®È­ µîÀÇ °ü³äÀû º¯¼ö°¡ ¹°ÁúÀû ¿äÀÎ, ±¹°¡ÇàÀ§ÀÚÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¼º°ú ÀÌÀÍÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ¸ç ±¹Á¦°ü°èÀÇ ±¸Á¶°¡ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ º¯È­µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °üÁ¡À» Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÁ¦ 1ÁÖ³âÀ» ³Ñ±ä 9.19 Æò¾ç°øµ¿¼±¾ðÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû Àǹ̸¦ ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇÀû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ °íÂûÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ ±¸¼ºÁÖÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¹ßÀü°úÁ¤°ú ºÐ¼®¸ðµ¨, ³²ºÏ°ü°èÀÇ ¹ßÀü°úÁ¤À» °£·«È÷ »ìÆ캸¾Ò°í, 9.19 ±º»çÇÕÀǼ­ÀÇ ±º»çÀû ÇÔÀǸ¦ Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù.

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This study focused on the interaction U.S.-North Korean relations with inter-Korean relations, in order to fulfill the Inter-Korean Basic Agreement. And it analyzed the four arguments of the interaction as follows;First, the U.S.-North Korean relations¡¯ priority argument could not archive the development of inter-Korean relations. Second, the inter-Korean relations¡¯ priority argument could not solve the nuclear issue of North Korea and normalize the U.S.-North Korean relations. Third, the denuclearization priority argument is not enough. Four, the balanced development argument has validity of the development of two relations and denuclearization of North Korea.Since 1991, inter-Korean relations have changed as follows; In 1991-1992, two Koreas made the Inter-Korean Basic Agreement and tried to fulfill it. However, U.S. and North Korea did not establish the normal relations. From 1993 to 2000, the agreement was abrogated by two Koreas, owing to the nuclear issue of North Korea. However, U.S. and North Korea made the Agreed Framework. To the contrary, the inter-Korean relations developed the relations but the U.S.-North Korean relations made worse in 2000-2007. From 2008 to now, South Korea tried to fulfill the Inter-Korean Basic Agreement. In conclusion, inter-Korean relations and U.S.-North Korean relations need to form virtuous circle for the solving the nuclear issue and fulfilling the inter-Korean Basic Agreement. Especially, they need the mutual assistance system of U.S.-South Korea, the improvement of U.S.-North Korean relations, and the talks of inter-Korean relations.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

South and North Korea can conclude a bilateral treaty on the premise that they are partners in peaceful unification. However, the South-North Korean agreement is a special treaty concluded in a provisional and special relationship with the goal of unification. Since South-North Korean agreements can be concluded in a variety of intentions and contexts, the signing procedure alone cannot prove that it is a treaty by itself. If a South-North Korean agreement meets the requirements of a treaty both in terms of procedure and content, it has domestic legal effect as a treaty. However, the theory of the domestic legal effect of existing typical treaties cannot be directly applied to the South-North Korean agreement. A South-North Korean agreement is an agreement concluded by a representative of the government through negotiations with North Korea according to the external decision-making of the state. The legal effect of such an agreement is, in principle, valid between the parties. Beyond this, it is important to give legal effect that directly applies to ordinary citizens who are members of the state. In particular, if the state has to directly restrict the freedom and rights of the people due to the provisions of the South-North Korean agreement, it is desirable to ensure that the implementation is ensured through a law prepared by the legislator rather than giving direct effect. If a South-North Korean agreement, which is not legally binding, is concluded and promulgated in accordance with Articles 21 and 22 of the Development of Inter-Korean Relations Act, it will be difficult to stably grant legal effect to the South-North Korean agreement. Even if it is a legally binding South-North Korean agreement, if the freedom and rights of the people are to be restricted for its implementation, it is more appropriate to pass through the legislation of the National Assembly than through the provisions of the South-North Korean agreement.

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º» ³í¹®Àº ³²ºÏÇÑ Á¤±ÇÀÇ Àû´ëÀû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â 2011³â ÇöÀç ½Ã°¢¿¡¼­, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ̷п¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© 1992³â ÀüÈÄ ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ ¹ßÇ¥ ½Ã±â ³²ºÏ°ü°èÀÇ Àü·«Àû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ºÐ¼® ¹× Àü¸ÁÇÑ´Ù. ³²ºÏÇѾç Á¤±ÇÀÇ ¡®Àü·«Àû »óÈ£Àۿ롯ÀÌ ³²ºÏ°ü°è¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Åõ¿µµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ·Ð, ƯÈ÷ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ´ÙÀ̳»¹Í½º¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°í, ±× °á°ú¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ÇâÈÄ ³²ºÏ°ü°è °³¼±¹æ¾ÈÀ¸·Î¼­ ³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ ÀÌÇàÀ» ¸ð»öÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­ °ü·Ã ±âÁ¸¿¬±¸·Î Å©°Ô ¹ý¸®Àû ºÐ¼®°ú Á¤Ä¡ÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®À» °ËÅäÇÏ°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¿¬±¸¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®Æ²À» ¡´7¤ý4 ³²ºÏ°øµ¿¼º¸í¡µÀÌ Ã¼°áµÈ 1972³â ³²ºÏ°ü°èÀÇ Àü·«Àû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ¥°±¹¸éÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¡´³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­¡µ°¡ äÅÃµÈ 1992³â ³²ºÏ°ü°è¸¦ Àü·«Àû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ¥±±¹¸éÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇϸç, 1990³â~1993³â ³²ºÏÇÑÀÇ Àü·«Àû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î 2011³â ÇöÀç ½Ã½ºÅÛ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ Àü·«Àû »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë ¥²±¹¸éÀÌ ¿¹ÃøµÇ°í ÀÖÀ½À» Áø´ÜÇÏ°í, 2012³â ´ëºÏ/ÅëÀÏ Á¤Ã¥Â÷¿øÀÇ ³²ºÏ°ü°è ÁøÀü ±¹¸é¿¡ ´ëÀÀ¹æ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¹ý½Ã½ºÅÛ°ú Á¤Ä¡½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¡´³²ºÏ±âº»ÇÕÀǼ­¡µ ÀÌÇà °úÁ¦¸¦ Àü¸ÁÇÑ´Ù.

[±¹³»³í¹®]

The Agreement on Prevention of Double Taxation of Income between the South and the North("the Agreement") which was signed on June 15, 2000 and has been effective since January 1, 2004 has now become one of the symbolic legal apparatus which represent the amicable atmosphere and voluminous economic transactions between the South and the North. Notwithstanding such development in the legal infrastructure to support the inter-Korea"s relations, the actual application of the Agreement does not seem to attract people"s attention so much. It"s partly because the taxation in the North is very limited in its very essence and the taxation, which is exceptional in the North in the sense taxation is made only on the foreigners and foreigner"s company, is mostly exempted due to the special exemption clauses in the Kaesong Tax Regulation. And the semi-territorial double taxation scheme in the Agreement also puts its application out of the list of hot issues between the two Koreas. But a careful analysis of the situations of the enterprises at the Kaesong Industrial Complex leads us to the following conclusions and suggestions. First, if a foreign enterprise form a third country invests in the North, the investor may well think of entering the North via the South because of the presence of the Agreement, which the North only has concluded with 10 countries or so up to now. Second, the determination of "source" of income will be one of the most important issues for the application of the Agreement because it follows the semi-territorial approach for the prevention of double taxation. Third, measures to revise the domestic tax laws of the South for the enterprises from the South at Kaesong are to be taken especially to help the set-off of the start-up deficit with the income from the business in the South.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze legal characteristics and forces of Inter-Korean Agreements. Firstly, we review the articles concerned with conclusion, ratification and promulgation stipulated in act on development of inter-Korean relations. Secondly, we analyze legal characters of Inter-Korean Agreement in the international law system. Inter-Korean Agreements can be regarded as treaty with legal binding effects or gentlemen¡¯s agreement without legal binding effects. Criteria and subject that distinguish between treaty and gentlemen¡¯s agreement are to be examined. Thirdly, legal binding effects of Inter-Korean Agreements are to be analyzed in perspective of South Korea¡¯s domestic legal system. Finally, we review legal problems concerned with the judicial control over Inter-Korean Agreements.

[ÇØ¿Ü³í¹®]

Since South and North Korea separately established the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) after division in 1945, they have fought the fierce competition of systems and the two Koreas are ideologically opposed to the reality that continues today. In the meantime, the two Koreas adopted important agreements such as ¡®7ÿe4 South-North Joint Declaration¡¯, ¡®the Basic Agreement of Inter-Korea¡¯, ¡®6ÿe15 South-North Joint Declaration¡¯, ¡®10ÿe4 South-North Joint Declaration¡¯ after the blackout on July 27, 1953.In particular, ¡®the Basic Agreement of Inter-Korea' signed between North and South Korea on December 13, 1991 was the first official document agreed with the legal rules in the inter-Korean relations. The South and the North Korea have agreed to admit a divided reality with agreement of the special relationship between the internal ethnic-oriented unification in the document of ¡®the Basic Agreement of Inter-Korea.¡¯ It was assessed as the default bill and reunification conduct presented the improvement of inter-Korean relations and the peaceful reunification of the Korean people in order to overcome the division. However, it was soon discarded documents due to the North Korean nuclear problem even before the implementation of its contents. Although it was temporarily restored the political status due to ¡®6ÿe15 South-North Joint Declaration¡¯ of Kim Dae Jung government in 2000 and 10ÿe4 ¡®South-North Joint Declaration¡¯ of Roh Moo-hyun government in 2007, they all became obsolete in the Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye governments because of the North Korean nuclear tests and satellite experiments.The main purposes of the present study is, even if it does not demonstrate the effectiveness of¡®the Basic Agreement of Inter-Korea¡¯ because of the political situation in the domestic and international terms, to consider its normative meaning and value.

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A Breif Analysis of Agency-to-Agency Arrangements Concluded by Local Governments from the Perspective of the Law of Treaties

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