[국내논문]

According to the article 18 in the Chinese Arbitration Law, in case that there is no the accurate agreement about the arbitral agency, if there is no defective compromise, the arbitral agreement is invalid. To be accepted the effectiveness of the arbitral agreement, which is one of the distinctive characteristics of Chinese Arbitral Law the arbitral agency should be on arbitral agreement. In this paper, we should discuss how the condition of effectiveness on the arbitral agreement applies to through Chinese court cases. As a result of case analysis, the arbitral agreement is not invalid when simply the name of the arbitral agency was not same as an official name. Although the name of arbitral agency and the name of court are not same, if these different names identify the specified arbitral agency, these arbitral agreements are effective. If there is the true will to solve the trouble through arbitration based on the arbitral law of most countries and international convention related to the commercial arbitration, even though other regulations are not clear or agreed, the arbitral agreement are effective. Thus, this kind of effective regulation of the arbitral agreement in Chinese Arbitral Law should be revised.

[국내논문]

The purpose of this parer is to examine the specifies of Institutional Arbitration and Ad Hoc Arbitration. The court prefers the institutional award in the enforcement rather than the award issued under the name of arbitrators alone. For example, the ICC Court of Arbitration scrutinizes awards for completeness, adherence to the ICC Rules and internal consistency, which since the court assurance for enforcement. In terms of arbitration costs, for which the ad hoc arbitration is considered to have comparative advantages, the institutional arbitration may not be more expensive than ad hoc arbitration, as in most commercial case, the administrative fees are insignificant. This paper suggests the standard or model arbitration clauses in institutional and ad hoc arbitrations. These Clauses contains the minimum elements necessary to render the arbitration agreement enforceable and effective. So both parties may add the specific contents such as the number of arbitrator, the place of arbitration and the language. Especially, in Ad Hoc Arbitration without designated set of rules, more clean clause for appointing arbitrators will be needed.

[국내논문]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the consideration factors, from both parties' perspective, to select the most appropriate arbitral institution when they inset an arbitration clause in their contract. Accordingly, the author analyzed the advantages of institutional arbitration compared to non-institutional arbitration. The typical advantages of institutional arbitration would include: $\bullet$ Benefits of using an established set of rules $\bullet$ Services provided by the institution $\bullet$ Low risks of obstruction $\bullet$ Enhancement of the possibilities of enforcement $\bullet$ Forecast of the estimated cost $\bullet$ Specially useful for existing disputes Next, this author examined the consideration factors when selecting the institution in respect of the following factors: $\bullet$ Institution's arbitration rules $\bullet$ Institution's rule regarding the appointment of arbitrators $\bullet$ Ability of administrators of each institution $\bullet$ Reputation of the arbitral institution and the likability of enforceability of its award $\bullet$ Cost $\bullet$ Choice of the arbitral institution in relation to the choice of place of arbitration Finally, this author reviewed Model Arbitration Clause of major international or local Institutions, including ICC, AAA, LCIA, KCAB, CIETAC, ICSID and WIPO. Further examination was given to the selection of the numbers of the arbitral tribunal, the seat of arbitration and the language of arbitration, according to the designated articles in each institution's arbitration rules.

[해외논문]

The purpose of this parer is to examine the specifies of Institutional Arbitration and Ad Hoc Arbitration. The court prefers the institutional award in the enforcement rather than the award issued under the name of arbitrators alone. For example, the ICC Court of Arbitration scrutinizes awards for completeness, adherence to the ICC Rules and internal consistency, which since the court assurance for enforcement. In terms of arbitration costs, for which the ad hoc arbitration is considered to have comparative advantages, the institutional arbitration may not be more expensive than ad hoc arbitration, as in most commercial case, the administrative fees are insignificant. This paper suggests the standard or model arbitration clauses in institutional and ad hoc arbitrations. These Clauses contains the minimum elements necessary to render the arbitration agreement enforceable and effective. So both parties may add the specific contents such as the number of arbitrator, the place of arbitration and the language. Especially, in Ad Hoc Arbitration without designated set of rules, more clean clause for appointing arbitrators will be needed.

[해외논문]

China only accept institutional arbitration in current legal system, it is important to select arbitration institution in China. However many foreign investors in China feel anxiety, because there is a high probability that external factors such as individual and political factors intervene Chinese legal system, so cases that foreign investors appoint arbitration institutes outside of China are on the rise. According to the principle of private autonomy, these selections are respected, but China appoints arbitration institutes, parties can choose, on the current legislation, so we have to understand well about related regulations to recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards smoothly in China. Chinese parties are divided into domestic party and foreign-related party. Through judgment of Chinese courts, an effect that domestic party appoints foreign arbitration institute as their arbitration institute is not allowed, because there is no provision permit it. On the other hand it is valid that foreign-related party appoints foreign arbitration institute on arbitral agreement by Chinese 「Contract Law」 and 「Civil Procedure Law」. It is not reasonable no provision equal prohibition. Therefore it’s necessary to amend related articles toward respecting the principle of private autonomy.

[국내논문]

중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀을 제작하고, 스텐트 삽입술을 시행하여 그 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 중재 시술용 기능성 기관-기관지 팬텀은 실리콘으로 제작하였으며, 기관을 통하여 스텐트 삽입술이 가능하도록 삽입구를 제작하였다. 팬텀은 지점토를 이용하여 인체와 동일한 형태로 기관, 기관지 분지부와 양쪽 상부 기관지를 재현하였고, 사각형의 틀에 지점토를 고정시킨 후 액상의 실리콘을 채워 건조시킨 후 지점토를 제거하여 제작하였다. 인체, 동물, 팬텀에서 기관지스텐트 삽입 후 흉부 촬영 필름의 농도와 기관지 분지부의 각도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 기관지스텐트는 세선의 교차가 다른 2가지(X-type, Y-type) 형태를 삽입하였으며, 스텐트 삽입술 후 기관 상부, 기관 분지부, 좌기관지, 우기관지, 스텐트 삽입부의 필름농도를 측정하였다. 필름농도는 기관 상부의 경우, 인체 0.76(${\pm}0.011$), 동물 0.97(${\pm}0.015$), 팬텀 0.45(${\pm}0.016$)이었고, 기관 분지부의 경우는 인체 0.51(${\pm}0.006$), 동물 0.65(${\pm}0.005$), 팬텀 0.65(${\pm}0.008$)이었고, 우기관지의 경우는 인체 0.14(${\pm}0.008$), 동물 0.59(${\pm}0.014$), 팬텀 0.04(${\pm}0.007$)이었고, 좌기관지의 경우는 인체 0.54(${\pm}0.004$), 동물 0.54(${\pm}0.008$)로 팬텀 0.08(${\pm}0.008$)이었고, 스텐트 삽입부의 경우는 인체 0.54(${\pm}0.004$), 동물 0.59(${\pm}0.011$), 팬텀 0.04(${\pm}0.007$)이었다. 기관 분지부가 이루는 각도는 인체의 좌기관지에서 $42.6({\pm}2.07)^{\circ}$, 우기관지에서 $32.8({\pm}2.77)^{\circ}$이었으며, 동물에서 각각 $43.4({\pm}2.40)^{\circ},\;34.6({\pm}1.94)^{\circ}$, 팬텀에서 각각 $35({\pm}2.00)^{\circ},\;50.2({\pm}1.30)^{\circ}$이었다. 본 연구팀이 제작한 기관-기관지 팬텀은 기관지 스텐트 삽입술의 재현이 가능하여 중재시술의 술기연습용이나 스텐트를 평가하기 위한 체외실험에 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

[해외논문]

Regarding the arbitration of foreign arbitration institute based on China as the place of arbitration, China has no clear rules as to whether or not to permit and to what extent if it is permitted. Therefore, this paper verified whether the arbitration agreement of foreign arbitration institute that agreed China as the place of arbitration is accepted as valid in China or not, and if the arbitration agreement is recognized as valid, the arbitration award based on this agreement is accepted as either the domestic judgment or the foreign judgment. Moreover, this paper verified whether the arbitration award can be approved and enforced in China, and if so, what legal provisions can be applied. To verify this, this study analyzes the cases of Chinese courts over the past 20 years and compares the results of analysis with related Chinese legal regulations and judicial interpretations. Based on the results of this analysis, this study verifies the problems that arise when arbitration is conducted in China using foreign arbitration institutions, and suggests ways for Korean companies to cope with these problems.

[국내논문]

[국내논문]

This study investigates the characteristics of local arbitration committees in China based on arbitration institution evaluation model. Most of the literature on Chinese arbitration committees only focuses on CIETAC. However, the promulgation of 1994 Chinese arbitration act allows local arbitration committees to deal the arbitration cases related with foreign element. Before 1994, only CIETAC and CMAC handle the arbitration cases related with foreign element. For the evaluation of the local arbitration committees, this study establishes the arbitration institution evaluation model. This model has seven evaluation criteria: accessability, independence, neutrality, rapidity, economy, professionality, and extent of enforcement. Our findings are as follows. First, Chinese local arbitration committees have the strengths in the fields of accessability, economy and rapidity. However, they are deficient in the area of neutrality, professionality, and independence. Second, the spatial distribution of Chinese local arbitration committees is not equal in China. The number of local arbitration committees is big in the high growth region such as Shandong province. On the other hand, the number of local arbitration committees is small in the economically stagnant area. Third, the size and activity of local arbitration committees are various. Some of them are very active in dispute resolution through arbitration in China. For example, Beijing Arbitration Committee(BAC), Wuhan, Quangzou Arbitration Committee play the important role in dispute resolution through arbitration. However, the large part of local arbitration committees is financially weak and depend on the local government's financial support.

[해외논문]

This study investigates the characteristics of local arbitration committees in China based on arbitration institution evaluation model. Most of the literature on Chinese arbitration committees only focuses on CIETAC. However, the promulgation of 1994 Chinese arbitration act allows local arbitration committees to deal the arbitration cases related with foreign element. Before 1994, only CIETAC and CMAC handle the arbitration cases related with foreign element. For the evaluation of the local arbitration committees, this study establishes the arbitration institution evaluation model. This model has seven evaluation criteria: accessability, independence, neutrality, rapidity, economy, professionality, and extent of enforcement. Our findings are as follows. First, Chinese local arbitration committees have the strengths in the fields of accessability, economy and rapidity. However, they are deficient in the area of neutrality, professionality, and independence. Second, the spatial distribution of Chinese local arbitration committees is not equal in China. The number of local arbitration committees is big in the high growth region such as Shandong province. On the other hand, the number of local arbitration committees is small in the economically stagnant area. Third, the size and activity of local arbitration committees are various. Some of them are very active in dispute resolution through arbitration in China. For example, Beijing Arbitration Committee(BAC), Wuhan, Quangzou Arbitration Committee play the important role in dispute resolution through arbitration. However, the large part of local arbitration committees is financially weak and depend on the local government's financial support.

[해외논문]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the consideration factors, from both parties' perspective, to select the most appropriate arbitral institution when they inset an arbitration clause in their contract. Accordingly, the author analyzed the advantages of institutional arbitration compared to non-institutional arbitration. The typical advantages of institutional arbitration would include: $\bullet$ Benefits of using an established set of rules $\bullet$ Services provided by the institution $\bullet$ Low risks of obstruction $\bullet$ Enhancement of the possibilities of enforcement $\bullet$ Forecast of the estimated cost $\bullet$ Specially useful for existing disputes Next, this author examined the consideration factors when selecting the institution in respect of the following factors: $\bullet$ Institution's arbitration rules $\bullet$ Institution's rule regarding the appointment of arbitrators $\bullet$ Ability of administrators of each institution $\bullet$ Reputation of the arbitral institution and the likability of enforceability of its award $\bullet$ Cost $\bullet$ Choice of the arbitral institution in relation to the choice of place of arbitration Finally, this author reviewed Model Arbitration Clause of major international or local Institutions, including ICC, AAA, LCIA, KCAB, CIETAC, ICSID and WIPO. Further examination was given to the selection of the numbers of the arbitral tribunal, the seat of arbitration and the language of arbitration, according to the designated articles in each institution's arbitration rules.

[국내논문]

In order to cope with the changes of International Commercial Arbitration, the Shanghai International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (SHIAC) regulated an Emergency Arbitrator for the first time, implementing the arbitration rules in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone on May 1, 2014. Moreover, the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) also regulated the Emergency Arbitrator in the revised arbitration rules on January 1, 2015. However, it caused considerable contradiction that SHIAC and CIETAC admitted an interim measure decision by the Emergency Arbitrator under the circumstance that the Chinese court can impose a preservative measure in the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) and Arbiration Act. This study attempted to compare the main contents of an Emergency Arbitrator regulated in the arbitration rules of SHIAC and CIETAC with arbitration rules of representative arbitral institutions which operate an Emergency Arbitrator. In addition, this study verified the application features and problems through comparing the rule of SHIAC and CIETAC with the rule related to the preservative measure in Chinese law.

[국내논문]

[해외논문]

It is well recognized that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of dispute resolution is an important element in the orderly growth and encouragement of international trade and investment. Increasingly, ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution) including arbitration and mediation, instead of litigation in national courts, has become the preferred means of resolving private international commercial disputes. Under the situation, efforts for settlement of trade and investment disputes by ADR have been made between Korea and China through trade and investment agreements and arbitration agreement. Judging from the importance of economic exchange between Korea and Qingdao including Shandong Province, The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) and The Qingdao Arbitration Commission(QAC) should strengthen mutual cooperation to develop efficient methods of resolving commercial disputes arising between the two countries and to assist parties in solving those disputes through conclusion of arbitral agreement. Recently, efforts for conclusion of a Korea-China-Japan Free Trade Agreement(FTA) received strong support at Korea-Japan and Korea-China Summit Meeting held on June and July, 2003 respectively. If the conclusion of FTA among the three countries would be realized, it would promote regional trade and investment, contributing to economic growth in the Northeast Asian region. Under the circumstances, the key arbitral institutions including KCAB and QAC should consider to take the initiative in setting up tentatively called ${\ulcorner}$Joint Arbitration Center for Northeast Asia${\lrcorner}$ for which the CAMCA of NAFTA will be the good example.

[국내논문]

This paper is to review the interim measures of arbitral tribunals in international commercial arbitration and to compare the emergency arbitrator systems of international arbitration institutions including the ICDR, SCC, SIAC, ACICA, and ICC. Most arbitration legislation and arbitration rules permit the arbitral tribunal to grant orders for interim measures of protection. Orders for interim measures by the arbitral tribunal are not self-enforcing. However, the revised articles with regard to interim measures of UNCITRAL Model Law of 2006 are regarded to contribute significantly to the effectiveness of interim measures in international commercial arbitration. A party that needs urgent interim or conservatory measures that cannot await the constitution of an arbitral tribunal may make an application for such measures. Major international arbitration institutions have their own rules and provisions for the emergency arbitrator system, which was set forth first by the ICRD in 2006. The application requirements for emergency arbitrators are almost the same. However, there are significant differences in details such as appointments and applications for challenging emergency arbitrators, the process and form of the emergency arbitrator's decision, etc. Therefore, it will be necessary to consider these differences for more desirable emergency arbitrator proceedings in Korea.

[해외논문]

This study investigates the characteristics of local arbitration committees in China based on arbitration institution evaluation model. Most of the literature on Chinese arbitration committees only focuses on CIETAC. However, the promulgation of 1994 Chinese arbitration act allows local arbitration committees to deal the arbitration cases related with foreign element. Before 1994, only CIETAC and CMAC handle the arbitration cases related with foreign element. For the evaluation of the local arbitration committees, this study establishes the arbitration institution evaluation model. This model has seven evaluation criteria: accessability, independence, neutrality, rapidity, economy, professionality, and extent of enforcement. Our findings are as follows. First, Chinese local arbitration committees have the strengths in the fields of accessability, economy and rapidity. However, they are deficient in the area of neutrality, professionality, and independence. Second, the spatial distribution of Chinese local arbitration committees is not equal in China. The number of local arbitration committees is big in the high growth region such as Shandong province. On the other hand, the number of local arbitration committees is small in the economically stagnant area. Third, the size and activity of local arbitration committees are various. Some of them are very active in dispute resolution through arbitration in China. For example, Beijing Arbitration Committee(BAC), Wuhan, Quangzou Arbitration Committee play the important role in dispute resolution through arbitration. However, the large part of local arbitration committees is financially weak and depend on the local government's financial support.

[국내논문]

[국내논문]

When drafting an arbitration clause, both contracting parties should be careful of inserting three factors in the clause ; the seat of arbitration, the institution of arbitration(if institutional arbitration) and the governing arbitration law. Among them, this author, focusing on the institutions, selected the most important and frequently recommended three institutions(ICC, LCIA and AAA) and examined the salient differences among their rules as follows ; First, ICC Rules, unlike the LCIA Rules and AAA International Rules, provide for scrutiny by the ICC Court of Arbitration of all awards before issuance, and they also require the parties and arbitrators to draft and to sign Terms of Reference at the outset of each case. Second, Regarding the institutional role in arbitrator appointment, even if the LCIA and AAA are also internationally-minded in their appointment practice, the ICC, with national committees throughout the world, has a widely dispersed network of information about candidates, and has extensive experienced arbitrators suitable for international disputes. Third, regarding the case administrators, the ICC has multi-lingual international lawyers, who may help the parties in communication and in the interpretations of the arbitration rules. These efficient administrators help the parties saving the expenses and time. Forth, Certain institutions like ICC, LCIA and AAA have developed good reputation over years. Expecially, the ICC, unlike other institutions, scrutinizes awards for formal completeness and adherence to its Rules, so the court would accord the awards rendered by the ICC. Fifth, the arbitration costs(including administrative costs and arbitrators fees) are usually decided by the arbitral tribunal, and its decision is reflected in the award. But both parties, according to the principles of the freedom of contract, may agree the allotment in advance. This paper introduces the model clauses, reflecting several types of allotment, which would be added to the arbitration clauses with the agreement between parties. Finally, this paper emphasized the importance of the choice of institution in relation to the choice of the seat of arbitration. Expecially for the disputes about intellectual property right or domain names, WIPO and ICANN are recommendable respectively, as the confidentiality should be kept. Therefore, when both parties choose the institution they should be kept in mind the above mentioned points for the fair award and its enforcement.

[국내논문]

It is well recognized that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of dispute resolution is an important element in the orderly growth and encouragement of international trade and investment. Increasingly, ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution) including arbitration and mediation, instead of litigation in national courts, has become the preferred means of resolving private international commercial disputes. Under the situation, efforts for settlement of trade and investment disputes by ADR have been made between Korea and China through trade and investment agreements and arbitration agreement. Judging from the importance of economic exchange between Korea and Qingdao including Shandong Province, The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) and The Qingdao Arbitration Commission(QAC) should strengthen mutual cooperation to develop efficient methods of resolving commercial disputes arising between the two countries and to assist parties in solving those disputes through conclusion of arbitral agreement. Recently, efforts for conclusion of a Korea-China-Japan Free Trade Agreement(FTA) received strong support at Korea-Japan and Korea-China Summit Meeting held on June and July, 2003 respectively. If the conclusion of FTA among the three countries would be realized, it would promote regional trade and investment, contributing to economic growth in the Northeast Asian region. Under the circumstances, the key arbitral institutions including KCAB and QAC should consider to take the initiative in setting up tentatively called ${\ulcorner}$Joint Arbitration Center for Northeast Asia${\lrcorner}$ for which the CAMCA of NAFTA will be the good example.

[국내논문]

Last year, Seoul International Dispute Resolution Center(SIDRC) was set up to facilitate and promote international arbitration in Korea. This study was focused on the revision of arbitration rules such as ICC, SIAC, HKIAC and JCAA. As a leading arbitration institution in the world, ICC has tried continuously to provide more efficient service to their client by adopting emergency arbitrator(EA) & multi party arbitration. Other three institutions also introduced almost same mechanism to compete each other. These two new system is very innovative in international arbitration. First of all, EA was designed to provide interim measure service to preserve or protect parties' right before the constitution of arbitral tribunal. Arbitration institutions and arbitral tribunals should be careful to decide these requests are legitimate or not because too hasty approval on joinder or consolidation without full consideration such as parties' intention or argument may issue another serious problem - setting aside an award rendered after joined or consolidated.

[국내 학위논문]

중재는 당사자 간의 합의에 따라 사법상의 분쟁을 법원의 판결에 의하지 않고 중재인의 판정에 의하여 해결하는 절차로 대체적 분쟁해결제도의 하나이다. 중재는 분쟁해결의 자주성, 신속성, 경제성, 전문성, 비밀성, 국제적 효용성, 국제분쟁에서의 중립성, 충분한 변론기회의 보장 등 소송에 의한 분쟁해결보다 당사자에게 여러 가지 이점이 있다. 그러나 국제거래의 증가에 따라 국내기업과 관련된 국제중재사건도 급증하고 있음에도 불구하고 국내 유일한 중재기관인 대한상사중재원을 통한 국제상사분쟁의 해결은 아직 활성화되어 있지 못하고 오히려 국내 기업들이 외국중재기관에 의한 중재를 선택하는 경우마저 있다. 이에 본고에서는 주요 국제중재기관의 중제제도를 비교법적으로 고찰하고 새로이 제정된 국제중재규칙을 비판적으로 검토함으로써 국내중재기관을 중심으로 한 국제중재의 활성화 방안에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 비교의 대상이 되는 국제중재기관은 ICC((International Chamber of Commerce), AAA((Amercan Arbitration Association), LCIA(London Court of International Arbitration), 중국국제경제무역중재위원회 등이다. 중재절차는 중재합의에 기초하여 중재신청함으로써 개시되는데, 중재지, 중재인선정방식, 중재언어는 당사자가 중재합의를 함에 있어 중요한 기준이 된다. 법원에 의한 재판과 달리 중재판정은 당사자가 임의이행하지 않을 경우 중재판정의 강제적으로 실현하는 방법이 없기 때문에 중재판정에 대한 승인 및 이에 따른 집행을 확보하는 문제도 중재의 실효성과 직결되는 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 기존 중재규칙이 국제중재절차보다 국내법원의 소송절차를 기준으로 제정되어 있기 때문에 국제중재기준에 미흡하다는 지적이 있어 왔기 때문에 이러한 문제의식을 반영하여 국제중재규칙이 새로 제정되었다. 국제중재규칙에서는 첫째, 중재지와 관련하여 기존 중재규칙에서 중재장소에 대한 규정만이 있을 뿐 중재지에 대한 규정이 없었으나 당사자 간에 합의가 없는 경우에는 서울을 원칙적인 중재지로 하고 다만 중재판정부가 당해 사안을 고려하여 예외적으로 다른 장소를 결정할 수 있도록 중재지에 대한 명확한 규정을 두었다. 둘째, 중재인 선정방식과 관련하여 기존 중재규칙에서는 사무국이 일방적으로 중재인후보자 명단을 제시하고 그 중에서 당사자가 선택하는 방식을 취하고 있어 당사자의 의사를 제대로 반영하지 못한다는 문제점이 있었다. 이에 새로 제정된 국제중재규칙에서는 1인 중재인의 경우 당사자들이 30일 내에 합의에 의하여 선정하고, 3인 중재인의 경우에는 당사자가 각각 1인씩을 선정하고 선정된 2인의 중재인의 합의 하에 의장 중재인을 선정하도록 하였다. 셋째, 중재언어와 관련하여 기존 중재규칙에서는 당사자 간의 합의가 없는 경우 한국어를 원칙으로 함으로써 외국당사자가 국내중재기관에 의한 중재를 기피하는 원인이 되었다. 이에 국제중재규칙에서는 당사자들의 합의가 없는 경우 계약언어를 비롯한 모든 관련 상황을 적절히 고려하여 중재판정부가 결정하도록 함으로써 이런 문제점을 개선하였으나 일방 당사자가 영어권 국가에 속하는 경우 국내 당사자에게 불리한 경우가 있을 수 있으므로 중재합의시에 한국어를 중재언어로 하기로 하는 명백한 합의가 필요할 것이다. 그러나 국제중재기준에 부합하는 국제중재규칙이 새로 제정되었음에도 불구하고 국제 거래시에 발생하는 분쟁해결방법으로써의 국제중재에 대한 인식자체가 부족하고 국제중재제도의 효율성이나 공정성에 대한 신뢰 부족, 국제중재와 관련한 인적, 물적, 제도적 뒷받침이 아직은 미흡한 실정이다. 국내기업이 생소한 외국의 중재기관의 중재를 받아 패소할 경우 그 불이익은 고스란히 우리국민에게 돌아온다는 점을 상기할 때 우리나라 중재기관을 이용할 경우에 국제분쟁에 있어서의 이점을 널리 홍보하고, 다수의 전문 국제중재 인력을 양성하며, 중재시설, 국제중재 규칙 등 제도적 환경을 정비함으로써 국내중재기관에 의한 국제중재를 활성화시키고, 우리나라가 국제중재사건에 있어서 아시아지역의 국제중재 중심지로 발돋움할 수 있도록 지속적인 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.

[국내논문]

호흡기 질환환자에서 비교적 흔한 증상인 객혈은 여러 치료법에도 불구하고 사망의 위험성이 높은 임상증상이다. 기관지색전술은 내외과적 치료에도 객혈이 멈추지 않을 경우, 즉각적인 지혈목적 외에도 수술이 불가능한 환자나 수술전 환자상태를 호전시키기 위한 시간을 얻기 위한 목적으로 매우 유용한 시술이다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 기관지동맥 색전술의 유용성에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 대상은 J병원의 2007년 03월부터 2009년 12월까지 발생한 대량 객혈로 인한 기관지동맥 색전술을 시행한 60명으로 하였다. 이들은 하루 400ml이상, 한번에 200ml이상의 대량객혈이 있었거나 객혈양이 하루 400ml이하였지만 10일 이상의 내과적 치료에 반응하지 않았던 경우였다. 평균연령은 60.5세였으며, 원인질환별로는 결핵, 기관지확장증, 폐렴, 폐암 등이었다. 색전부위는 Rt bronchial artery 19예, Lt broncial artery, both bronchial artery, Rt Intercostobronchial artery, 여러 혈관을 동시에 시행한 경우였다. 색전물질은 PVA(conteour)와 microcoil을 이용하였다. 환자 60명중 76.6%에서는 시술 후 시간이 지남에 따라 출혈이 멈추었으며, 4예(6.6)에서는 시술 후 재출혈로 인한 재색전술을 시행하였다. 기관지 동맥 색전술은 객혈 치료에 있어서, 높은 조기 성공률과 객혈을 효과적으로 조절함으로, 대량 객혈로 인한 출혈에 효과적인 응급치료법으로 사망률을 줄이는 좋은 시술 방법이 될 것이다. 또한 일차적으로 내과적 치료와 같이 병행하여 시도한다면 대량 객혈로 인한 출혈에 효과적인 치료법으로 사망률을 줄이는 좋은 중재적 방사선 시술 방법이 될 것이다.

[국내 학위논문]

몽골이 개혁개방 정책을 시행하고 국제거래가 증가함에 따라서 관련 분쟁도 증가하게 되었고, 이를 해결하기 위한 수단으로써 중재에 대한 수요도 증가하게 되었다. 그러나 낙후된 몽골의 중재제도는 분쟁 당사자들에 의해 외면되었고, 중재를 이용하고자 하는 당사자들은 외국의 중재제도를 이용하여 분쟁을 해결하였다. 이러한 결과는 몽골의 중재제도의 발전 뿐 아니라 몽골의 분쟁 당사자에게까지 불리한 영향을 미치게 되었다. 이에 몽골은 UNCITRAL 모델중재법을 수용하여 중재법을 새롭게 개정하고 2017년부터 이를 시행하고 있다. 이 중재법은 그동안 몽골의 중재 실무 경험을 바탕으로 하며 국제적으로 통용되는 방법을 참고하여 개정하였으며, 몽골의 중재제도에 있어 중대한 개혁을 달성한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 본 연구에서 몽골의 중재제도 현황을 살펴보고 몽골국제중재원의 국제중재판정 사례를 분석하여 몽골 중재제도의 특징 및 문제점을 확인하고, 이를 기초로 몽골 중재제도의 개선책을 제시하고자 한다.

[국내논문]

외국중재기관을 대상으로 한 중국 중재 시장의 개방 문제에 대한 논의는 계속되어 왔다. 2013년 이전까지 중국 법원은 중재지는 중국이지만 중재절차를 진행하는 기관이 외국중재기관으로 합의된 경우 동 중재합의의 효력에 대하여 대부분 부정적인 태도를 보였다. 또한 이러한 중재합의에 따라 내려진 중재판정의 국적에 대한 중국 법원의 판결도 일관적이지 않고 해당 중재판정을 중국 내에서 승인하고 집행하기 위한 법적 근거도 명확하지 않아 외국중재기관을 이용하고자 하는 당사자들은 어려움이 많았다. 하지만 최근 중국의 일대일로 사업이 전개되면서 상하이 자유무역지구를 시작으로 중국은 외국중재기관을 중국 내에 적극적으로 유치하기 위하여 제도와 규정을 바꾸고 있으며 중국 최고인민법원도 일련의 사법 사례를 통해 중국 중재시장의 외국중재기관에 대한 개방적인 태도를 보여주고 있다.

[해외논문]

Last year, Seoul International Dispute Resolution Center(SIDRC) was set up to facilitate and promote international arbitration in Korea. This study was focused on the revision of arbitration rules such as ICC, SIAC, HKIAC and JCAA. As a leading arbitration institution in the world, ICC has tried continuously to provide more efficient service to their client by adopting emergency arbitrator(EA) & multi party arbitration. Other three institutions also introduced almost same mechanism to compete each other. These two new system is very innovative in international arbitration. First of all, EA was designed to provide interim measure service to preserve or protect parties' right before the constitution of arbitral tribunal. Arbitration institutions and arbitral tribunals should be careful to decide these requests are legitimate or not because too hasty approval on joinder or consolidation without full consideration such as parties' intention or argument may issue another serious problem - setting aside an award rendered after joined or consolidated.

[국내논문]

목적: 운전 중 지하철로에 뛰어들어 발생한 사상사고 경험 기관사를 대상으로 중재프로그램의 효과를 확인하고 사업장내 관리 프로그램으로 활용하고자 하였다. 방법: 사상 사고를 경험한 기관사 18명을 대상으로 중재프로그램을 실시하였다. 대상자들은 연구에 참여하기로 동의하였으며 본 연구 수행을 위하여‘가톨릭대학교 생명윤리심의위원회’의 허락을 받았다. 모든 자료의 분석은 SPSS 12.0 version for Windows를 사용하였다. 결과: 중재프로그램 후 효과로 직무스트레스 정도가 낮아졌으며 우울증상 및 PTSD 증상개선에 효과가 있었다. 결론: 향후 PTSD 증상 및 직무스트레스 정도가 사상 사고와 관련된 결정적 요인을 파악하기 위한 다차원적인 후속연구가 필요하고, 사상사고에 대비한 사전교육이나 훈련 및 기관사의 정신과 진료나 심리 상담을 실시할 수 있는 연계체계와 사고처리 전담팀 운영 등 필요성이 제시되었다. 또한 사상사고를 경험한 기관사를 대상으로 심리적 지지 프로그램인 위기상황 스트레스 관리프로그램과 전체 지하철 근로자의 정신건강증진을 위한 관리프로그램 도입이 필요할 것으로 제시되었다.

[국내논문]

If a certain country or an arbitration institution hopes to keep ahead of the fierce competition in the international arbitration market, it needs to develop hardware factors, such as i) Facility and Infra, ii) Geographical Location, iii) Professional Staff, iv) Global Network, v) Capital, and vi) Arbitrators & Practitioners etc., along with software factors including i) Arbitration Rules of Law, ii) Court's Support, iii) International Convention, iv) Political Risk, and v) Education Environment, which are the most critical requirements in the development strategy for international arbitration. Having perceived the above situation, the Korean government has been working on amending the Korean Arbitration Act to reflect global advanced practice of international arbitration, and seeking to enact laws that will promote our arbitration industry and create a more arbitration-friendly environment. The KCAB is also currently revising both the domestic and international arbitration rules in accordance with these national efforts. Under these circumstances, this paper examines how major leading international arbitration institutions manage their secretariats and suggests how the KCAB can compose and manage its Secretariat to gain a competitive advantage over rival institutions.

[해외논문]

If a certain country or an arbitration institution hopes to keep ahead of the fierce competition in the international arbitration market, it needs to develop hardware factors, such as i) Facility and Infra, ii) Geographical Location, iii) Professional Staff, iv) Global Network, v) Capital, and vi) Arbitrators & Practitioners etc., along with software factors including i) Arbitration Rules of Law, ii) Court's Support, iii) International Convention, iv) Political Risk, and v) Education Environment, which are the most critical requirements in the development strategy for international arbitration. Having perceived the above situation, the Korean government has been working on amending the Korean Arbitration Act to reflect global advanced practice of international arbitration, and seeking to enact laws that will promote our arbitration industry and create a more arbitration-friendly environment. The KCAB is also currently revising both the domestic and international arbitration rules in accordance with these national efforts. Under these circumstances, this paper examines how major leading international arbitration institutions manage their secretariats and suggests how the KCAB can compose and manage its Secretariat to gain a competitive advantage over rival institutions.

[국내 학위논문]

의뢰전 중재란 학급의 담임교사가 장애가 있는 것으로 보이는 영유아를 정확한 진단에 의뢰하기 전에 다양한 협력적 지원을 받으며 좀 더 다양하고 효과적인 교수적 접근을 하는 절차를 말한다.
 본 연구는 유아교육현장에서 교사들이 경험한 의뢰전 중재에 대한 인식, 중재경험, 중재가 필요한 영유아의 특성과 중재방법에 대한 실태와 의뢰전 중재를 하기 위한 교사의 준비도, 필요성, 중재효과와 필요한 지원에 대한 교사의 인식을 알아보고 유치원과 어린이집에서의 결과를 분석, 비교해보고자 하였다.
 본 연구의 대상은 대구광역시와 창원시에 위치한 유치원과 어린이집에서 일하는 유아교사를 대상을 한다. 새로운 연구 분야에 관심을 갖고 받아들이는데 거부감이 없는 교사들을 의도적표집하여 유치원교사 150명, 보육교사 176명을 대상으로 연구하였으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
 첫째, 유치원과 어린이집에서 실시되고 있는 의뢰전 중재의 실태를 보면 교실에 중재가 필요한 영유아가 있는 경우가 약 60%이며, 그 유아의 수는 1～2명 정도인 것으로 보아 유아교육현장에서 추가적인 중재가 필요한 영유아는 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있으며, 그 문제는 유아의 연령에서는 행동적인 문제가 높고, 영아의 연령에서는 행동적인 문제 외에도 발달지체와 정서적인 문제도 높음으로 나타났다.
 둘째, 유치원과 어린이집에서의 실태를 비교해보면 두 집단 모두에서 의뢰전 중재를 들어보지 못하고, 시행해본 경험이 없는 교사의 비율이 높았으나, 유치원교사집단보다 보육교사집단에서 유의미하게 의뢰전 중재 용어를 들어본 비율이 높았고 의뢰전 중재 시행경험 역시 더 높았다. 
 셋째, 인식에 대한 결과는, 적절한 지원을 해주어 문제행동을 줄이고, 장애예방에 도움이 되기 때문에 의뢰전 중재가 필요하다고 인식하고 있었고, 부모와의 협력이 잘되어 가정과의 연계가 잘 이루어져야 의뢰전 중재의 효과가 높게 나타난다는 인식을 가지고 있었다. 또 의뢰전 중재를 통해 부모에게 필요한 정보를 제공해 장애가 영유아의 발달과 학습에 미치는 영향을 정확하게 파악할 수 있기에 부모에게도 도움이 된다고 생각하였다. 교사가 의뢰전 중재를 준비할 때에는 즉각적인 도움을 받을 수 있는 전문가와의 협력과 자문시스템을 구축하기를 가장 많이 원했고, 또 유아교육현장에서는 교사, 부모, 관리자의 의뢰전 중재 필요성에 대한 인식개선과 전문가의 도움을 쉽게 받을 수 있도록 기관에 특수교사가 배치되기를 원하고, 보조인력의 제공을 원하였다. 의뢰전 중재의 방해요인으로는 과도한 잡무로 영유아를 지도할 시간과 여력의 부족과 의뢰전 중재의 체계적 절차, 방법에 대한 안내와 교육 부족을 답하였다.
 넷째, 유치원교사와 보육교사의 의뢰전 중재 인식을 비교해보면 유치원교사는 준비가 되어있지 않다는 대답의 비율이 높았고, 보육교사는 준비가 되어있다는 대답의 비율이 높아 유치원교사보다 보육교사가 의뢰전 중재를 하기 위한 교사 자신의 준비가 되어있다는 응답을 더 많이 한 것으로 나타났다.
 이상의 연구결과는 유아교육에서의 의뢰전 중재에 관한 연구의 폭을 넓히고 머지않아 유보통합될 유아교육현장에 시사점을 주어 효과적인 의뢰전 중재 적용방향에 대한 방향을 제시하는 자료로서의 역할을 할 것이다.

[국내논문]

The purpose of Emergency Arbitrator System is to provide parties with the possibility of obtaining interim measures before constitution of the arbitral tribunal. This paper examines the Emergency Arbitrator System set forth in Article 32 and Appendix II of Arbitration Rules of Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) in comparison with Article 37 of ICDR International Arbitration Rules. This paper also provides a case study of 4 Decisions rendered by Emergency Arbitrators under the auspices of SCC in 2010. It was found that it took only 4 days on average from the date upon which the request for emergency interim measures was registered to SCC to the decision rendered by Emergency Arbitrators. The figures of average days reflect its rapidity well, one of the most preferred characteristics of arbitration. However, a case study of SCC decisions shows that only one request for interim measures was successfully granted. In other words, it was found that the requirements for granting of interim measures by emergency arbitrator were quite strictly applied. If interim measures is to be granted, it was found that the requesting party should prove to satisfy the requirements for granting of interim measures as follows: First, the requesting party has to demonstrate that it may suffer irreparable or serious harm in commercially-sensible, not in a strictly literal sense unless the interim measure is granted. Second, the party requesting interim measures has to persuade the Emergency Arbitrator that the request was of an urgent nature. Third, the requesting party is required to meet the reasonable possibility that it may succeed on the merits of the claim.