- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in terrestrial bird species inhabiting an e-waste recycling site in South China
- Luo, X.J., Sun, Y.X., Wu, J.P., Chen, S.J., Mai, B.X. | Environmental pollution (v.198 / pp.41-46 / 20150269-7491)
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are under review by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Currently, limited data are available about SCCPs
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Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are under review by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Currently, limited data are available about SCCPs in terrestrial organisms. In the present study, SCCP concentration in the muscles of seven terrestrial bird species (n = 38) inhabiting an e-waste recycling area in South China was determined. This concentration varied from 620 to 17,000 ng/g lipid. Resident birds accumulated significantly higher SCCP concentrations than migratory birds (p 10 and C 11 congeners, while the second was found in the remains, which show rather equal abundance of homologue groups. This may be caused by two sources of SCCPs (local and e-waste) in the study area.
- Biodiversity of sea slugs and shelled relatives (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Cretan Archipelago (Greece), with taxonomic remarks on selected species
- Crocetta, F., Poursanidis, D., Tringali, L.P. | Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research (v.390 / pp.56-68 / 20151040-6182)
- To date, the knowledge of the biodiversity of Cretan Archipelago sea slugs and shelled relatives is poor in comparison to other parts of the Greek seas and to the Mediter
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To date, the knowledge of the biodiversity of Cretan Archipelago sea slugs and shelled relatives is poor in comparison to other parts of the Greek seas and to the Mediterranean Sea in general. Based on an extensive review of literature data, complemented by recent field observations, we provide an updated checklist of 81 taxa from the Cretan Archipelago, 11 of which constitute new records. Careful attention has been given to molluscan species described from the area (four taxa, two of which valid), as well as to doubtful records (five taxa). Finally, taxonomic remarks are offered for Bulla vestita Philippi, 1840, Cylichna parvula Jeffreys, 1883 and Bulla girardi Audouin, 1826. B. vestita has priority over Bulla retifer Forbes, 1844, that is definitively considered a junior synonym of the former. C. parvula is redescribed, changed of family (from Cylichnidae H. Adams A. Adams, 1854 to Retusidae Thiele, 1925), first moved to the genus Retusa T. Brown, 1827 and compared with similar congeneric species. Within this framework, we also figure a syntype of Cylichna laevisculpta Granata-Grillo, 1877 for the first time. Finally, the attribution of B. girardi to the genus Ventomnestia Iredale, 1936 is discussed and its establishment status in Greece is re-evaluated. The present paper lays the foundations to extend local studies on sea slugs and shelled relatives and fills some expected gaps in the Mediterranean distribution of several taxa. It therefore constitutes a mandatory step when providing large-scale and well-defined Mediterranean molluscan distributional patterns, and emphasizes the necessity of more intensive studies of the molluscan communities in the area.
- Integrating Chemical Information Instruction into the Chemistry Curriculum on Borrowed Time: A Multiyear Case Study of a Capstone Research Report for Organic Chemistry
- Jacobs, Danielle L., Dalal, Heather A., Dawson, Patricia H. | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.3 / pp.444-451 / 20160021-9584)
- To develop information literacy skills in chemistry and biochemistry majors at a primarily undergraduate institution, a multiyear collaboration between chemistry faculty
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To develop information literacy skills in chemistry and biochemistry majors at a primarily undergraduate institution, a multiyear collaboration between chemistry faculty and librarians has resulted in the establishment of a semester-long capstone project for Organic Chemistry II. Information literacy skills were instilled via a progressive research report, supported by a comprehensive modular virtual tutorial catered toward Rider University students, on the efficient use of SciFinder and related tasks for searching and using the primary literature. Over a six-year period, both the research report and the tutorial modules have been cyclically evaluated, assessed, and revised in order to meet our student learning objectives. This article describes the assessment-driven evolution of the research report assignment between 2010 and 2015, as well as student perceptions and learning outcomes. The technological development, feedback-driven revisions, and assessment of student learning outcomes of the SciFinder tutorial series have been included in a companion article in this Journal . ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Mixed Hybrid Lipid/Polymer Vesicles as a Novel Membrane Platform
- Schulz, Matthias, Binder, Wolfgang H. | Macromolecular rapid communications (v.36 / no.23 / pp.2031-2041 / 20151022-1336)
- Vesicles can be individually fabricated from naturally occurring lipid or synthetic block copolymer molecules via self #8208;assembly in aqueous solutions; the blending o
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Vesicles can be individually fabricated from naturally occurring lipid or synthetic block copolymer molecules via self #8208;assembly in aqueous solutions; the blending of both vesicle #8208;forming amphiphiles leads to the formation of hybrid membranes. Their final stabilities and lateral morphologies are strongly determined by the molar composition, size, and charge properties of the interacting components as well as by the lipid chain melting temperature. Upon merging the best properties of lipo #8208; and polymersomal membranes, hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles represent a new scaffold for medical applications combining, e.g., combining the biocompatibility of liposomes with the high thermal and mechanical stability and functional variability of polymersomes within a single vesicle type. Up to now, several hybrid membrane systems and their corresponding vesicular morphologies have been studied, highlighting the attractive properties and features useful in selective delivery receptor scaffolding.
- Alkynol natural products target ALDH2 in cancer cells by irreversible binding to the active site
- Heydenreuter, Wolfgang, Kunold, Elena, Sieber, Stephan A. | Chemical communications : Chem comm (v.51 / no.87 / pp.15784-15787 / 20151359-7345)
- Falcarinol and stipudiol are natural products with potent anti-cancer activity found in several vegetables. Here, we use a chemical proteomic strategy to identify ALDH2 a
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Falcarinol and stipudiol are natural products with potent anti-cancer activity found in several vegetables. Here, we use a chemical proteomic strategy to identify ALDH2 as a molecular target of falcarinol in cancer cells and confirm enzyme inhibition via covalent alkylation of the active site. Furthermore, the synthesis of stipudiol led to the observation that ALDH2 exhibits preference for alkynol-based binders. Inhibition of ALDH2 impairs detoxification of reactive aldehydes and limits oxidative stress response, two crucial pathways for cellular viability. Graphic Abstract Chemical proteomic studies reveal ALDH2 as a molecular target of falcarinol in cancer cells.
- An Organic Chemistry Exercise in Information Literacy Using SciFinder
- Swoger, Bonnie J. M., Helms, Eric | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.4 / pp.668-671 / 20150021-9584)
- Working collaboratively, chemistry faculty members and librarians developed an exercise to introduce students in a large organic chemistry course to SciFinder and the che
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Working collaboratively, chemistry faculty members and librarians developed an exercise to introduce students in a large organic chemistry course to SciFinder and the chemical literature. Students learn fundamental concepts about the nature of the scientific literature through preclass readings, a preclass assignment, and an in-class discussion. Once students are familiar with several types of scientific literature (research articles, review articles, news articles) and peer review, they can more effectively search SciFinder to find scientific information. During class, students explore chemical data (including spectra) and learn to use SciFinder rsquo;s natural language interface for searching the chemical literature. Assessment results demonstrated that students were learning about SciFinder for the first time and were impressed with the information available. Students were also successful at distinguishing between article types and recalling several methods of searching SciFinder. ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- A thorny, 'anareolate' stick-insect (Phasmatidae s.l.) in Upper Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, with remarks on diversification times among Phasmatodea
- Engel, M.S., Wang, B., Alqarni, A.S. | Cretaceous research (v.63 / pp.45-53 / 20160195-6671)
- A new fossil stick-insect (Phasmatodea) is described and figured from a male preserved in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. Echinosomiscus primoticus Engel and Wang, gen. et
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A new fossil stick-insect (Phasmatodea) is described and figured from a male preserved in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. Echinosomiscus primoticus Engel and Wang, gen. et sp. nov., is a robust, somewhat-compressed stick-insect bearing abundant acanthae over the head and body, and remarkably lacks an area apicalis on the tibiae. The species is described and assigned to a new, extinct subfamily of Phasmatidae s.l., as Echinosomiscinae Engel, subfam. nov. Brief remarks are made regarding the dating of phasmatodean lineages, with E. primoticus providing the first reliable evidence for Euphasmatodea and even Neophasmatodea in the Cenomanian.
- Natural products for treatment of osteoporosis: The effects and mechanisms on promoting osteoblast-mediated bone formation
- An, J., Yang, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, C., Zhao, J., Zhang, L., Chen, B. | Life sciences (v.147 / pp.46-58 / 20160024-3205)
- Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass, bone quality, and microarchitectural deterioration. An imbalance in bone remo
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Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass, bone quality, and microarchitectural deterioration. An imbalance in bone remodeling that is caused by more osteoclast-mediated bone resorption than osteoblast-mediated bone formation results in such pathologic bone disorder. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have long been used to prevent and treat osteoporosis and have received extensive attentions and researches at home and abroad, because they have fewer adverse reactions and are more suitable for long-term use compared with chemically synthesized medicines. Here, we put the emphasis on osteoblasts, summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from TCM with potential anti-osteoporosis effects and their molecular mechanisms on promoting osteoblast-mediated bone formation. It could be concluded that TCM with kidney-tonifying, spleen-tonifying, and stasis-removing effects all have the potential effects on treating osteoporosis. The active ingredients derived from TCM that possess effects on promoting osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation include flavonoids, glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids (sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids), phenolic acids, phenols and others (tetrameric stilbene, anthraquinones, diarylheptanoids). And it was confirmed that the bone formation effect induced by the above natural products was regulated by the expressions of bone specific matrix proteins (ALP, BSP, OCN, OPN, COL I), transcription factor (Runx2, Cbfa1, Osx), signal pathways (MAPK, BMP), local factors (ROS, NO), OPG/RANKL system of osteoblasts and estrogen-like biological activities. All the studies provided theoretical basis for clinical application, as well as new drug research and development on treating osteoporosis.
- The Senior Fitness Test
- Langhammer, B., Stanghelle, J.K. | Journal of physiotherapy (v.61 / no.3 / pp.163 / 20151836-9553)
- Rikli and Jones developed the Senior Fitness Test for adults aged over 60 years. 1-4 It is primarily used to evaluate physical function in healthy elderly people but is
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Rikli and Jones developed the Senior Fitness Test for adults aged over 60 years. 1-4 It is primarily used to evaluate physical function in healthy elderly people but is also used for people with dementia 5 b. It comprises six functional tests of strength, endurance, balance, agility and flexibility. Each test is scored separately on different scales. The scores are not tallied into an overall score.
- Senior management perceptions of aspirational groups: A study of the UK general insurance market
- Robson, J., van der Heijden, H. | Journal of business research (v.69 / no.8 / pp.2731-2738 / 20160148-2963)
- This study examines the concept of aspirational groups: a reference group that a firm wishes to associate with. A desire to belong to an aspirational group may provide an
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This study examines the concept of aspirational groups: a reference group that a firm wishes to associate with. A desire to belong to an aspirational group may provide an important source of strategy formulation. Drawing from insights from consumer marketing on aspirational groups, the study explores the composition and structure of aspirational groups compared to strategic groups in a market setting. Using qualitative data from senior managers in the UK general insurance market, this study arrives at the following findings. First, aspirational groups do not necessarily share the same composition or structure as strategic groups. Second, selection of aspirational firms is driven by attribute association. Third, aspirations can be conflicting and reversed. Fourth, firms do not seek membership of the aspirational group but isolate key attributes they aspire to. These findings contribute to knowledge on strategy formation by highlighting the important role aspirational groups play in understanding competitive market movements.
- Integration of Computational Chemistry into the Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Curriculum
- Esselman, Brian J., Hill, Nicholas J. | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.5 / pp.932-936 / 20160021-9584)
- Advances in software and hardware have promoted the use of computational chemistry in all branches of chemical research to probe important chemical concepts and to suppor
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Advances in software and hardware have promoted the use of computational chemistry in all branches of chemical research to probe important chemical concepts and to support experimentation. Consequently, it has become imperative that students in the modern undergraduate curriculum become adept at performing simple calculations using computational software, interpreting computational data, and applying computational data to explain chemical phenomena. We utilize computational chemistry in a high-enrollment ( gt;1200 students/year), undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory course in a manner similar to that of organic chemistry researchers. We have employed WebMO as a web-based, easy-to-use, and free front-end interface for Gaussian09 that allows our students to complete ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations throughout the curriculum. Rather than an isolated exposure to computational chemistry, our students use computational chemistry to obtain a deeper understanding of their experimental work throughout the entire semester. By integrating calculations into the curriculum, the focus moves away from performing the calculations to providing insight into chemical phenomena and understanding experimental results. We provide here both an overview of the introductory laboratory experiment and our integrated approach. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Chloride ingress in cracked and uncracked SHCC under cyclic wetting-drying exposure
- Paul, S.C., van Zijl, G.P.A.G., Babafemi, A.J., Tan, M.J. | Construction building materials (v.114 / pp.232-240 / 20160950-0618)
- This paper reports the performance of strain hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber under chloride exposure of both cracked and
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This paper reports the performance of strain hardening cement-based composite (SHCC) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber under chloride exposure of both cracked and uncracked specimens. The performance of SHCC was also compared to that of an identical mortar mixture without fibers. Three-point bending was applied to mechanically induce cracks in both reinforced SHCC and mortar specimens. Cracks were also formed in unreinforced SHCC specimens, whereas cracks were not formed in the unreinforced mortar specimens because of its brittle behavior. Thereafter, specimens were subjected to cyclic and continuous chloride attack for defined time periods. Both total and free chloride in SHCC and mortar specimens were then determined by means of X-ray florescence (XRF) and chemical analysis according to RILEM recommendations. Rapid chloride migration tests were also performed to determine the chloride migration coefficient in both SHCC and mortar. The results confirm that the mechanically-induced cracks in the SHCC specimens lead to higher chloride migration than in uncracked SHCC.
- Imagination and the generation of new ideas
- Magid, R.W., Sheskin, M., Schulz, L.E. | Cognitive development (v.34 / pp.99-110 / 20150885-2014)
- A variety of theories have been put forth to explain the function of imagination, most notably that imagination engages and develops children's theory of mind and counter
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A variety of theories have been put forth to explain the function of imagination, most notably that imagination engages and develops children's theory of mind and counterfactual reasoning. Here, we propose that a primary role for imagination is as a cognitive mechanism for efficiently generating new ideas without observing new evidence. Learners must generate hypotheses before they can assess the truth of these hypotheses. Given infinite possibilities, how do learners constrain the process of hypothesis generation? We suggest that learners represent abstract criteria for the solution to a problem and generate solutions that, if true, would solve the problem. As a preliminary test of this idea, we show that, in the absence of any fact of the matter (i.e., when neither prior knowledge nor statistical data distinguishes competing hypotheses), 4-6-year-olds (mean: 63 months) systematically converge on solutions to problems, consistent with an ability to imagine the abstract properties of causal problems and their solutions.
- Carbohydrate mediated drug delivery: Synthesis and characterization of new lipid-conjugates
- Ahmad, M.U., Ali, S.M., Ahmad, A., Sheikh, S., Chen, P., Ahmad, I. | Chemistry and physics of lipids (v.186 / pp.30-38 / 20150009-3084)
- A new synthetic methodology for cationic glycolipids using p-aminophenyl- alpha;-d-mannopyranoside (PAPM) and p-aminophenyl- alpha;-d-galactopyranoside (PAPG) with spacer
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A new synthetic methodology for cationic glycolipids using p-aminophenyl- alpha;-d-mannopyranoside (PAPM) and p-aminophenyl- alpha;-d-galactopyranoside (PAPG) with spacer in between the quaternary nitrogen atom and the sugar unit is developed. In addition, a new class of neutral glycolipid conjugates, such as PAPM-lipids or PAPG-lipids conjugates was also synthesized for targeting drugs to receptors. The precipitation-inhibition assay showed that conjugate of PAPM inhibited the concanavalin A and invertase aggregation. This binding inhibition study of a synthesized compound suggests that conjugates of PAPM can be potentially used to target mannose receptors. In addition, a higher transfection was obtained by mixing PAPM with pSV- beta;-gal reporter gene and incubating with mannose binding protein/receptor expressing A549 cells. The coexistence of both mannose group and a net positive charge may result in improved transfection efficiency in cells expressing mannose binding proteins/receptors.
- Spectrometers for RF breakdown studies for CLIC
- Jacewicz, M., Ziemann, V., Ekelof, T., Dubrovskiy, A., Ruber, R. | Nuclear instruments methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment (v.828 / pp.63-71 / 20160168-9002)
- An e + e - collider of several TeV energy will be needed for the precision studies of any new physics discovered at the LHC collider at CERN. One promising candidate
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An e + e - collider of several TeV energy will be needed for the precision studies of any new physics discovered at the LHC collider at CERN. One promising candidate is CLIC, a linear collider which is based on a two-beam acceleration scheme that efficiently solves the problem of power distribution to the acceleration structures. The phenomenon that currently prevents achieving high accelerating gradients in high energy accelerators such as the CLIC is the electrical breakdown at very high electrical field. The ongoing experimental work within the CLIC collaboration is trying to benchmark the theoretical models focusing on the physics of vacuum breakdown which is responsible for the discharges. In order to validate the feasibility of accelerating structures and observe the characteristics of the vacuum discharges and their eroding effects on the structure two dedicated spectrometers are now commissioned at the high-power test-stands at CERN. First, the so called Flashbox has opened up a possibility for non-invasive studies of the emitted breakdown currents during two-beam acceleration experiments. It gives a unique possibility to measure the energy of electrons and ions in combination with the arrival time spectra and to put that in context with accelerated beam, which is not possible at any of the other existing test-stands. The second instrument, a spectrometer for detection of the dark and breakdown currents, is operated at one of the 12GHz stand-alone test-stands at CERN. Built for high repetition rate operation it can measure the spatial and energy distributions of the electrons emitted from the acceleration structure during a single RF pulse. Two new analysis tools: discharge impedance tracking and tomographic image reconstruction, applied to the data from the spectrometer make possible for the first time to obtain the location of the breakdown inside the structure both in the transversal and longitudinal direction thus giving a more complete picture of the vacuum breakdown phenomenon.
- Material need insecurities, control of diabetes mellitus, and use of health care resources: results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes study.
- Berkowitz, Seth A, Meigs, James B, DeWalt, Darren, Seligman, Hilary K, Barnard, Lily S, Bright, Oliver-John M, Schow, Marie, Atlas, Steven J, Wexler, Deborah J | JAMA internal medicine (v.175 / no.2 / pp.257-265 / 20152168-6106)
- Increasing access to care may be insufficient to improve the health of patients with diabetes mellitus and unmet basic needs (hereinafter referred to as material need ins
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Increasing access to care may be insufficient to improve the health of patients with diabetes mellitus and unmet basic needs (hereinafter referred to as material need insecurities). How specific material need insecurities relate to clinical outcomes and the use of health care resources in a setting of near-universal access to health care is unclear.
- Ebola transmission linked to a single traditional funeral ceremony - Kissidougou, Guinea, December, 2014-January 2015.
- Victory, Kerton R, Coronado, F?tima, Ifono, S?a O, Soropogui, Therese, Dahl, Benjamin A | Morbidity and mortality weekly report : MMWR (v.64 / no.14 / pp.386-388 / 20150149-2195)
- On December 18, 2014, the Guinea Ministry of Health was notified by local public health authorities in Kissidougou, a prefecture in southeastern Guinea (pop. 284,000), th
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On December 18, 2014, the Guinea Ministry of Health was notified by local public health authorities in Kissidougou, a prefecture in southeastern Guinea (pop. 284,000), that the number of cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) had increased from one case reported during December 8-14, 2014, to 62 cases reported during December 15-21. Kissidougou is one of the four Guinea prefectures (the others are Macenta, Gueckedou, and Conakry) where Ebola was first reported in West Africa in March 2014, and the mid-December increase was the largest documented by any prefecture in Guinea in a single week since the beginning of the epidemic. The Guinea Ministry of Health requested assistance from CDC and the World Health Organization to investigate the local outbreak, identify and isolate persons with suspected Ebola, assess transmission chains, and implement control measures. The investigation found that 85 confirmed Ebola cases were linked to one traditional funeral ceremony, including 62 (73%) cases reported during December 15-21. No additional cases related to this funeral ceremony were reported after January 10, 2015. After the outbreak was identified, rapid implementation of interventions limited additional Ebola virus transmission. Improved training for prompt reporting of cases, investigation, and contact tracing, and community acceptance of safe burial methods can reduce the risk for Ebola transmission in rural communities.
- Measuring the economic value of pollination services: Principles, evidence and knowledge gaps
- Hanley, N., Breeze, T.D., Ellis, C., Goulson, D. | Ecosystem services (v.14 / pp.124-132 / 20152212-0416)
- An increasing degree of attention is being given to the ecosystem services which insect pollinators supply, and the economic value of these services. Recent research sugg
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An increasing degree of attention is being given to the ecosystem services which insect pollinators supply, and the economic value of these services. Recent research suggests that a range of factors are contributing to a global decline in pollination services, which are often used as a ''headline'' ecosystem service in terms of communicating the concept of ecosystem services, and how this ties peoples@? well-being to the condition of ecosystems and the biodiversity found therein. Our paper offers a conceptual framework for measuring the economic value of changes in insect pollinator populations, and then reviews what evidence exists on the empirical magnitude of these values (both market and non-market). This allows us to highlight where the largest gaps in knowledge are, where the greatest conceptual and empirical challenges remain, and where research is most needed.
- Literature-Based Problems for Introductory Organic Chemistry Quizzes and Exams
- Shea, Kevin M., Gorin, David J., Buck, Maren E. | Journal of chemical education (v.93 / no.5 / pp.886-890 / 20160021-9584)
- Literature-based problems expose students to current, real world applications of chemistry. These types of problems are often confined to graduate and advanced undergradu
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Literature-based problems expose students to current, real world applications of chemistry. These types of problems are often confined to graduate and advanced undergraduate courses. We describe incorporation of literature-based problems in Organic I and II courses on quizzes and exams. We give students at least 1 week to study and discuss portions of a paper, then ask students to answer quiz and exam questions based on the paper. Students show high levels of engagement with and interest in the primary chemical literature when faced with these types of assessments. ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Value of WTO trade agreements in a New Keynesian model
- Ganelli, G., Tervala, J. | Journal of macroeconomics (v.45 / pp.347-362 / 20150164-0704)
- We revisit the question of the quantitative benefits of WTO trade agreements in a setup that is non-standard from the traditional trade policy point of view. We show that
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We revisit the question of the quantitative benefits of WTO trade agreements in a setup that is non-standard from the traditional trade policy point of view. We show that in a New Keynesian model, unilateral trade liberalization reduces welfare due to terms-of-trade deterioration, creating an incentive for a trade agreement. For realistic parameter values, the value of an agreement, which cuts tariffs by one percentage point, is 0.5-2% of consumption, much larger than in trade models. The intuition for this result hinges on endogenous labor supply.