- Interaction of Human Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) with Lipid Bilayers: A Fluorescence Study
- Hare, Joanna E., Goodchild, Sophia C., Breit, Samuel N., Curmi, Paul M. G., Brown, Louise J. | Biochemistry (v.55 / no.27 / pp.3825-3833 / 20160006-2960)
- Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S -transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipi
초록보기원문보기 >
Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) is very unusual as it adopts a soluble glutathione S -transferase-like canonical fold but can also autoinsert into lipid bilayers to form an ion channel. The conversion between these forms involves a large, but reversible, structural rearrangement of the CLIC1 module. The only identified environmental triggers controlling the metamorphic transition of CLIC1 are pH and oxidation. Until now, there have been no high-resolution structural data available for the CLIC1 integral membrane state, and consequently, a limited understanding of how CLIC1 unfolds and refolds across the bilayer to form a membrane protein with ion channel activity exists. Here we show that fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to establish the interaction and position of CLIC1 in a lipid bilayer. Our method employs a fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) approach between CLIC1 and a dansyl-labeled lipid analogue to probe the CLIC1 ndash;lipid interface. Under oxidizing conditions, a strong FRET signal between the single tryptophan residue of CLIC1 (Trp35) and the dansyl-lipid analogue was detected. When considering the proportion of CLIC1 interacting with the lipid bilayer, as estimated by fluorescence quenching experiments, the FRET distance between Trp35 and the dansyl moiety on the membrane surface was determined to be sim;15 A. This FRET-detected interaction provides direct structural evidence that CLIC1 associates with membranes. The results presented support the current model of an oxidation-driven interaction of CLIC1 with lipid bilayers and also propose a membrane anchoring role for Trp35. Graphic Abstract
- Allergic Rhinitis: an Overview.
- Varshney, Jitendra, Varshney, Himanshu | Indian journal of otolaryngology, and head, and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India (v.67 / no.2 / pp.143-149 / 20152231-3796)
- Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by fo
초록보기원문보기 >
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by four major symptoms-rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. It can also be associated with co-morbid conditions as Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis Nasal polyps. Around 20-30?% of the Indian population suffers from allergic rhinitis and that 15?% develop asthma. The diagnosis treatment of allergic rhinitis should follow ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) guidelines while of asthma should follow the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. The treatment of allergic rhinitis should combine allergen avoidance (whenever possible), pharmacotherapy, and allergen immunotherapy. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality for treating allergic rhinitis and their sensory attributes are important in patient compliance.
- International Organic Chemistry Competition: A Thrilling, Unique Experience
- Khalil, Lana I., Chahine, Khalil M., Kaafarani, Bilal R. | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.3 / pp.401-404 / 20150021-9584)
- The introduction of clickers into the learning environment evolved significantly reflecting major developments in student academic performance. From simple in-class, mult
초록보기원문보기 >
The introduction of clickers into the learning environment evolved significantly reflecting major developments in student academic performance. From simple in-class, multiple-choice questions to global international competitions, this innovative tool has managed to combine both education and entertainment into an intuitive and positively reinforcing learning experience. In 2011, the PI was appointed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to represent and coordinate the activities in Lebanon in celebration of the International Year of Chemistry (IYC2011). The first seed of organic chemistry competition (OC) was thus planted, sparking a series of more successful events promoting a fun and proactive educational environment that recognized the participants rsquo; mastery of essential concepts of organic chemistry. As such, the OC has since became a platform for higher education and student-based academic involvement joining students from all around the world and different walks of life to experience and share a common interest: organic chemistry .
- Scene text recognition by learning co-occurrence of strokes based on spatiality embedded dictionary
- Song Gao, Chunheng Wang, Baihua Xiao, Cunzhao Shi, Wen Zhou, Zhong Zhang | IET computer vision (v.9 / no.1 / pp.138-148 / 20151751-9632)
- Text information contained in scene images is very helpful for high-level image understanding. In this study, the authors propose to learn co-occurrence of local strokes
초록보기원문보기 >
Text information contained in scene images is very helpful for high-level image understanding. In this study, the authors propose to learn co-occurrence of local strokes for scene text recognition by using a spatiality embedded dictionary (SED). Unlike spatial pyramid partitioning images into grids to incorporate spatial information, the authors SED associates every codeword with a particular response region and introduces more precise spatial information for robust character recognition. After localised soft coding and max pooling of the first layer, a sparse dictionary is learned to model co-occurrence of several local strokes, which further improves classification performance. Experimental results on two scene character recognition datasets ICDAR2003 and CHARS74 K demonstrate that their character recognition method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Besides, competitive word recognition results are also reported for four benchmark word recognition datasets ICDAR2003, ICDAR2011, ICDAR2013 and street view text when combining their character recognition method with a conditional random field language model.
- Cultural embeddedness in supply networks
- Wu, Z., Pullman, M.E. | Journal of operations management (v.37 / pp.45-58 / 20150272-6963)
- Recent studies on structural and relational embeddedness suggest that favorable position and connections in supply networks benefit a firm. While fruitful, this focus mis
초록보기원문보기 >
Recent studies on structural and relational embeddedness suggest that favorable position and connections in supply networks benefit a firm. While fruitful, this focus misses the motivations that prompt firms to take economic action in the first place. Understanding cultural embeddedness provides insight into why individuals and firms behave as they do and how their behavior can influence network structure. Contrary to the belief that firms act solely for profit and growth, we note that cultural contents such as values, social issues and political ideologies explain firms' motives and guide their economic activities. We explore the role of cultural embeddedness through a grounded study of Country Natural Beef, a sustainability-oriented agricultural cooperative in the western United States. This supply network demonstrates strongly competing cultural claims among its members as well as a unique institutionalized culture. Cultural interactions at the node and network levels explain the functioning of and changes to the network. Through interviews, analysis of archival information and direct observation of pivotal events over a period of 5 years, we unpack cultural embeddedness and take an incremental step toward a theory of cultural embeddedness in cooperative supply networks.
- Chemical characterization and surface properties of a new bioemulsifier produced by Pedobacter sp. strain MCC-Z
- Beltrani, T., Chiavarini, S., Cicero, D.O., Grimaldi, M., Ruggeri, C., Tamburini, E., Cremisini, C. | International journal of biological macromolecules (v.72 / pp.1090-1096 / 20150141-8130)
- A novel biopolymer was described in the form of an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) by Pedobacter sp. strain MCC-Z, a member of a bacterial genus not previously describ
초록보기원문보기 >
A novel biopolymer was described in the form of an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) by Pedobacter sp. strain MCC-Z, a member of a bacterial genus not previously described as an emulsifier producer. The new biomolecule was extracted, purified and characterized, and its surface and emulsifying properties were evaluated. The purified bioemulsifier, named Pdb-Z, showed high emulsifying activity (E 24 %=64%) and reduced the surface tension of water up to 41mN/m with a critical micelle concentration value of 2.6mg/mL. The chemical characterization of Pdb-Z was performed using 1 H NMR, FT-IR, HPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Pdb-Z was found to contain 67% of carbohydrates, consisting mainly of galactose and minor quantities of talose, 30% of lipids, being pentadecanoic acid the major lipidic constituent, and 3% of proteins. The bioemulsifier was a glycolipids-protein complex with an estimated molecular mass of 10 6 Da. Furthermore, Pdb-Z emulsified pure aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as diesel more efficiently than commercial synthetic surfactants, used for comparison. Our results suggest Pdb-Z has interesting properties for applications in remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments and bioremediation processes.
- Mixed Hybrid Lipid/Polymer Vesicles as a Novel Membrane Platform
- Schulz, Matthias, Binder, Wolfgang H. | Macromolecular rapid communications (v.36 / no.23 / pp.2031-2041 / 20151022-1336)
- Vesicles can be individually fabricated from naturally occurring lipid or synthetic block copolymer molecules via self #8208;assembly in aqueous solutions; the blending o
초록보기원문보기 >
Vesicles can be individually fabricated from naturally occurring lipid or synthetic block copolymer molecules via self #8208;assembly in aqueous solutions; the blending of both vesicle #8208;forming amphiphiles leads to the formation of hybrid membranes. Their final stabilities and lateral morphologies are strongly determined by the molar composition, size, and charge properties of the interacting components as well as by the lipid chain melting temperature. Upon merging the best properties of lipo #8208; and polymersomal membranes, hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles represent a new scaffold for medical applications combining, e.g., combining the biocompatibility of liposomes with the high thermal and mechanical stability and functional variability of polymersomes within a single vesicle type. Up to now, several hybrid membrane systems and their corresponding vesicular morphologies have been studied, highlighting the attractive properties and features useful in selective delivery receptor scaffolding.
- The effect of crystallinity on photocatalytic performance of Co3O4 water-splitting cocatalysts
- Chua, Chin Sheng, Ansovini, Davide, Lee, Coryl Jing Jun, Teng, Yin Ting, Ong, Lay Ting, Chi, Dongzhi, Hor, T. S. Andy, Raja, Robert, Lim, Yee-Fun | Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP (v.18 / no.7 / pp.5172-5178 / 20161463-9076)
- Cocatalysts, when loaded onto a water splitting photocatalyst, accelerate the gas evolution reaction and improve the efficiency of the photocatalyst. In this paper, we re
초록보기원문보기 >
Cocatalysts, when loaded onto a water splitting photocatalyst, accelerate the gas evolution reaction and improve the efficiency of the photocatalyst. In this paper, we report that the efficiency of the photocatalyst is enhanced using an amorphous cobalt oxide cocatalyst. The WO 3 film, when loaded with amorphous or nanocrystalline Co 3 O 4 , shows an improvement of up to 40% in photocurrent generation and 34% in hydrogen gas evolution. The effect of cocatalyst crystallinity on performance was systematically studied, and we found that the photocurrent deteriorates with the conversion of the cocatalyst to a highly crystalline phase at an annealing temperature of 500 °C. The mechanism of this effect was studied in detail using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the enhancement effect produced by the amorphous cocatalyst is attributed to the large density of unsaturated catalytically active sites in the amorphous material. Graphic Abstract Amorphous/nano-crystalline Co 3 O 4 cocatalysts incorporated into WO 3 photoanodes show vastly superior performance compared to their highly-crystalline counterparts.
- Current natural products with antihypertensive activity
- BAI, R.R., WU, X.M., XU, J.Y. | Chinese journal of natural medicines = 中國天然藥物 (v.13 / no.10 / pp.721-729 / 20152095-6975)
- Natural products have been an important source of new drugs, which also played a dominant role in the discovery and research of new drugs for the treatment of hypertensio
초록보기원문보기 >
Natural products have been an important source of new drugs, which also played a dominant role in the discovery and research of new drugs for the treatment of hypertension. This review article reviews the recent progress in the research and development of natural lead compounds with antihypertensive activity, including alkaloids, diterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, and peptides. We summarized their structures, sources, as well as the antihypertensive mechanisms. These information provides instructive reference for the following structural modifications and optimization.
- Super Natural II #x2014;a database of natural products
- Banerjee, Priyanka, Erehman, Jevgeni, Gohlke, Bj #x00F6, rn-Oliver, Wilhelm, Thomas, Preissner, Robert, Dunkel, Mathias | Nucleic acids research (v.43 / no.d1 / pp.D935-D939 / 20150305-1048)
- Natural products play a significant role in drug discovery and development. Many topological pharmacophore patterns are common between natural products and commercial dru
초록보기원문보기 >
Natural products play a significant role in drug discovery and development. Many topological pharmacophore patterns are common between natural products and commercial drugs. A better understanding of the specific physicochemical and structural features of natural products is important for corresponding drug development. Several encyclopedias of natural compounds have been composed, but the information remains scattered or not freely available. The first version of the Supernatural database containing #x223C;50 000 compounds was published in 2006 to face these challenges. Here we present a new, updated and expanded version of natural product database, Super Natural II (http://bioinformatics.charite.de/supernatural), comprising #x223C;326 000 molecules. It provides all corresponding 2D structures, the most important structural and physicochemical properties, the predicted toxicity class for #x223C;170 000 compounds and the vendor information for the vast majority of compounds. The new version allows a template-based search for similar compounds as well as a search for compound names, vendors, specific physical properties or any substructures. Super Natural II also provides information about the pathways associated with synthesis and degradation of the natural products, as well as their mechanism of action with respect to structurally similar drugs and their target proteins.
- Chloride channels in cancer: Focus on chloride intracellular channel 1 and 4 (CLIC1 AND CLIC4) proteins in tumor development and as novel therapeutic targets
- Peretti, M., Angelini, M., Savalli, N., Florio, T., Yuspa, S.H., Mazzanti, M. | Biochimica et biophysica acta, Biomembranes (v.1848 / no.10 / pp.2523-2531 / 20150005-2736)
- In recent decades, growing scientific evidence supports the role of ion channels in the development of different cancers. Both potassium selective pores and chloride perm
초록보기원문보기 >
In recent decades, growing scientific evidence supports the role of ion channels in the development of different cancers. Both potassium selective pores and chloride permeabilities are considered the most active channels during tumorigenesis. High rate of proliferation, active migration, and invasiveness into non-neoplastic tissues are specific properties of neoplastic transformation. All these actions require partial or total involvement of chloride channel activity. In this context, this class of membrane proteins could represent valuable therapeutic targets for the treatment of resistant tumors. However, this encouraging premise has not so far produced any valid new channel-targeted antitumoral molecule for cancer treatment. Problematic for drug design targeting ion channels is their vital role in normal cells for essential physiological functions. By targeting these membrane proteins involved in pathological conditions, it is inevitable to cause relevant side effects in healthy organs. In light of this, a new protein family, the chloride intracellular channels (CLICs), could be a promising class of therapeutic targets for its intrinsic individualities: CLIC1 and CLIC4, in particular, not only are overexpressed in specific tumor types or their corresponding stroma but also change localization and function from hydrophilic cytosolic to integral transmembrane proteins as active ionic channels or signal transducers during cell cycle progression in certain cases. These changes in intracellular localization, tissue compartments, and channel function, uniquely associated with malignant transformation, may offer a unique target for cancer therapy, likely able to spare normal cells. This article is part of a special issue itled ''Membrane Channels and Transporters in Cancers.''
- Deuterium retention on He-irradiated F82H with surface impurity layer
- Shinoda, N., Yamauchi, Y., Nobuta, Y. | Journal of nuclear materials = Journal des mat eacute;riaux nucl eacute;aires (v.463 / pp.1001-1004 / 20150022-3115)
- The deuterium retention/desorption behavior of F82H has been studied to clarify the effect of radiation damage with respect to the impurity layer. To evaluate the effects
초록보기원문보기 >
The deuterium retention/desorption behavior of F82H has been studied to clarify the effect of radiation damage with respect to the impurity layer. To evaluate the effects of oxygen impurities, non-oxidized and thermally oxidized samples were prepared with the introduction of radiation damage through He + irradiation. The amount of deuterium retained in the thermally oxidized samples was less than that of the non-oxidized samples. The amount of deuterium retained in the oxidized sample increased after He + irradiation. The retention/desorption behaviors were discussed in the surface chemical state.
- Local allergic rhinitis in elderly patients
- Bozek, A., Ignasiak, B., Kasperska-Zajac, A., Scierski, W., Grzanka, A., Jarzab, J. | Annals of allergy, asthma, immunology (v.114 / no.3 / pp.199-202 / 20151081-1206)
- Background: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is characterized by the production of specific IgE in the nasal mucosa and a positive response to a nasal provocation test in th
초록보기원문보기 >
Background: Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is characterized by the production of specific IgE in the nasal mucosa and a positive response to a nasal provocation test in the absence of atopy by conventional measurements. There is no information about LAR in elderly people, just as there is little information about allergic rhinitis (AR) in this age group. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of LAR, AR, and non-AR in elderly patients with rhinitis. Methods: In 219 patients with a mean (SD) age of 65.81 (5.88), skin prick tests, serum total specific IgE, and nasal provocation tests against common aeroallergens were performed. In addition, nasal specific IgE was measured in the nasal lavage at baseline and after provocation. For monitoring nasal symptoms, a visual analog scale was used. Results: Of the 219 patients, 46 (21.0%) had LAR, 88 (40.2%) had AR, and 85 (38.8%) were diagnosed as having non-AR. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the main sensitizing aeroallergen in patients with LAR (29 patients [63.0%]) and with AR (48 patients [56.4%]). No significant differences were found between the visual analog scale score and the type of AR (local or nonlocal) and the types of allergens. Clinical responses during the nasal provocation test were associated with significant increases in nasal IgE (Spearman correlation test, R = 0.89, P
- Formalizing the First Day in an Organic Chemistry Laboratory Using a Studio-Based Approach
- Collison, Christina G., Cody, Jeremy, Smith, Darren, Swartzenberg, Jennifer | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.9 / pp.1510-1513 / 20150021-9584)
- A novel studio-based lab module that incorporates student-centered activities was designed and implemented to introduce second-year undergraduate students to the first-se
초록보기원문보기 >
A novel studio-based lab module that incorporates student-centered activities was designed and implemented to introduce second-year undergraduate students to the first-semester organic chemistry laboratory. The ldquo;First Day rdquo; studio module incorporates learning objectives for the course, lab safety, and keeping a professional lab notebook. Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Material need insecurities, control of diabetes mellitus, and use of health care resources: results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes study.
- Berkowitz, Seth A, Meigs, James B, DeWalt, Darren, Seligman, Hilary K, Barnard, Lily S, Bright, Oliver-John M, Schow, Marie, Atlas, Steven J, Wexler, Deborah J | JAMA internal medicine (v.175 / no.2 / pp.257-265 / 20152168-6106)
- Increasing access to care may be insufficient to improve the health of patients with diabetes mellitus and unmet basic needs (hereinafter referred to as material need ins
초록보기원문보기 >
Increasing access to care may be insufficient to improve the health of patients with diabetes mellitus and unmet basic needs (hereinafter referred to as material need insecurities). How specific material need insecurities relate to clinical outcomes and the use of health care resources in a setting of near-universal access to health care is unclear.
- Chloride penetration monitoring in reinforced concrete structure using carbon nanotube/cement composite
- Kim, H.K. | Construction building materials (v.96 / pp.29-36 / 20150950-0618)
- A novel non-destructive method of monitoring chloride penetration in reinforced concrete structures prior to corrosion is proposed. By measuring the change in the electri
초록보기원문보기 >
A novel non-destructive method of monitoring chloride penetration in reinforced concrete structures prior to corrosion is proposed. By measuring the change in the electrical characteristics induced by chloride in cement composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chloride penetration in the structures could be monitored in real time. To evaluate the feasibility of this method, cement composites containing various amounts of CNTs and sodium chloride were fabricated and their electrical characteristics were measured. Although the conductivity of the composite without CNTs fluctuated as a result of both reinforcement and moisture content, that of the composites with CNTs was seldom influenced by these factors, and the conductivity generally increased with increasing chloride content. The chloride content in the composites was estimated via regression analysis based on the electrical characteristics, implying that the CNT/cement composite could be used as a sensor for chloride penetration monitoring.
- Transcriptional Profiling of Host Gene Expression in Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts Infected with Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Strain HA1101.
- Miao, Ji, Bao, Yanqing, Ye, Jianqiang, Shao, Hongxia, Qian, Kun, Qin, Aijian | PloS one (v.10 / no.5 / pp.0126992 / 2015)
- Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of the Gammaretrovirus genus in the Retroviridae family, causes an immunosuppressive, oncogenic and runting-stunting syndrome
초록보기원문보기 >
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of the Gammaretrovirus genus in the Retroviridae family, causes an immunosuppressive, oncogenic and runting-stunting syndrome in multiple avian hosts. To better understand the host interactions at the transcriptional level, microarray data analysis was performed in chicken embryo fibroblast cells at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after infection with REV. This study identified 1,785 differentially expressed genes that were classified into several functional groups including signal transduction, immune response, biological adhesion and endocytosis. Significant differences were mainly observed in the expression of genes involved in the immune response, especially during the later post-infection time points. These results revealed that differentially expressed genes IL6, STAT1, MyD88, TLRs, NF-κB, IRF-7, and ISGs play important roles in the pathogenicity of REV infection. Our study is the first to use microarray analysis to investigate REV, and these findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the host antiviral response and the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis.
- Structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline Sb2S3 films deposited by chemical solution deposition
- Kulkarni, A.N., Rajendra Prasad, M.B., Ingle, R.V., Pathan, H.M., Eldesoky, G.E., Naushad, Mu., Patil, R.S. | Optical Materials (v.46 / pp.536-541 / 20150925-3467)
- Films of Sb 2 S 3 nanocrystals were deposited using chemical solution deposition. The structural and optical properties of the deposited films were investigated as a
초록보기원문보기 >
Films of Sb 2 S 3 nanocrystals were deposited using chemical solution deposition. The structural and optical properties of the deposited films were investigated as a function of reaction time and temperature of the solution bath. The X-ray diffractometric studies confirmed the orthorhombic phase of Sb 2 S 3 in the deposited films with steady variation in crystallinity. The effect of the bath conditions apparently was found to be playing a significant role in controlling the reaction rate resulting in the morphological evolution of the Sb 2 S 3 nanocrystals. The band gaps of the deposited Sb 2 S 3 films obtained from the optical absorption studies were found to be in the range 1.9-2.0eV and suggest the possibility of band gap tunability of Sb 2 S 3 in the visible region. The photoluminescence studies revealed that the Sb 2 S 3 nanocrystals showed apparent band edge luminescence at around 610nm and Stokes shifted defect induced emission at around 717nm.
한글
워드
엑셀
PPT
아크로뱃
