- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in the soils of two different Chinese cities: Occurrence, homologue patterns and vertical migration
- Huang, Y., Chen, L., Feng, Y., Ye, Z., He, Q., Feng, Q., Qing, X., Liu, M., Gao, B. | The Science of the total environment (v.557 / pp.644-651 / 20160048-9697)
- Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are candidate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are under review by the Stockholm Convention. China is currently the lar
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Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are candidate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are under review by the Stockholm Convention. China is currently the largest producer and consumer of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). To study the environmental behavior and fate of SCCPs in the soils of urban and suburban regions, the SCCP concentrations in 88 topsoils and 15 soil columns from land of different use types (e.g., woodland, vegetable field, paddy field and greenbelt) from Guangzhou and Chengdu have been determined. The SCCP concentrations in topsoils from Guangzhou (range: 1.45-25.5ngg -1 dry weight (dw), average: 10.3ngg -1 dw) were much higher than those from Chengdu (range: 0.218-3.26ngg -1 dw, average: 1.43ngg -1 dw). When compared to previously reported SCCP levels for topsoils from other areas, the SCCP concentrations measured in the present work were quite low. Much higher SCCP concentrations were observed in the greenbelt topsoils from Chengdu relative to the values measured from woodlands and vegetable and paddy fields. The composition profiles suggest that C 10 Cl 6-10 and C 11-13 Cl 6-8 were the major groups of SCCPs in topsoils from the woodlands and vegetable and paddy fields in Guangzhou and Chengdu. Vertical variations of the SCCP concentrations in the soil columns suggest that less chlorinated SCCPs (Cl 5-6 -SCCPs) are more capable of migrating to the deeper-layer soils than more chlorinated ones (Cl 9-10 -SCCPs). The SCCP concentrations displayed little dependence on organic matter (OM) for most topsoils (p gt;0.05), indicating that OM is not the controlling factor in the distribution of SCCPs in the soils. Capsule: This study analyzed the occurrence, homologue patterns and vertical migration of SCCPs in the topsoils of two Chinese cities with different industrial structures and climate conditions.
- CLIC1 a novel biomarker of intraperitoneal metastasis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer.
- Ye, Yuguang, Yin, Mingzhu, Huang, Bihui, Wang, Yaqi, Li, Xia, Lou, Ge | Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine (v.36 / no.6 / pp.4175-4179 / 20151010-4283)
- Early diagnosis of intraperitoneal metastasis is a pivot for survival of patients with serous epithelial ovarian cancers (SEOC). However, to date, there is lack of effici
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Early diagnosis of intraperitoneal metastasis is a pivot for survival of patients with serous epithelial ovarian cancers (SEOC). However, to date, there is lack of efficient molecular biomarker for early metastasis of SEOC. Here, we found that the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is highly correlative with intraperitoneal metastasis. There is very low expression of CLIC1 in normal ovaries (NO), benign ovarian tumor (BOT), and primary ovarian cancer without metastasis (POCNM); but its expression is remarkably high in primary ovarian cancer with metastasis (POCM) omentum and peritoneal metastasis. Furthermore, for clinic prediction of intraperitoneal metastasis of SEOC, the sensitivity and specificity of CLIC1 overexpression were 97.4 and 88.1 %, respectively. Collectively, CLIC1 may be a potential sensitive and specific molecular biomarker for early diagnose for SEOC metastasis.
- High content analysis platform for optimization of lipid mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies in human cells
- Steyer, B., Carlson-Stevermer, J., Angenent-Mari, N., Khalil, A., Harkness, T., Saha, K. | Acta Biomaterialia: structure-property-function relationships in biomaterials (v.34 / pp.143-158 / 20161742-7061)
- Non-viral gene-editing of human cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system requires optimized delivery of multiple components. Both the Cas9 endonuclease and a single guide RNA,
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Non-viral gene-editing of human cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system requires optimized delivery of multiple components. Both the Cas9 endonuclease and a single guide RNA, that defines the genomic target, need to be present and co-localized within the nucleus for efficient gene-editing to occur. This work describes a new high-throughput screening platform for the optimization of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies. By exploiting high content image analysis and microcontact printed plates, multi-parametric gene-editing outcome data from hundreds to thousands of isolated cell populations can be screened simultaneously. Employing this platform, we systematically screened four commercially available cationic lipid transfection materials with a range of RNAs encoding the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Analysis of Cas9 expression and editing of a fluorescent mCherry reporter transgene within human embryonic kidney cells was monitored over several days after transfection. Design of experiments analysis enabled rigorous evaluation of delivery materials and RNA concentration conditions. The results of this analysis indicated that the concentration and identity of transfection material have significantly greater effect on gene-editing than ratio or total amount of RNA. Cell subpopulation analysis on microcontact printed plates, further revealed that low cell number and high Cas9 expression, 24h after CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, were strong predictors of gene-editing outcomes. These results suggest design principles for the development of materials and transfection strategies with lipid-based materials. This platform could be applied to rapidly optimize materials for gene-editing in a variety of cell/tissue types in order to advance genomic medicine, regenerative biology and drug discovery. Statement of Significance: CRISPR-Cas9 is a new gene-editing technology for ''genome surgery'' that is anticipated to treat genetic diseases. This technology uses multiple components of the Cas9 system to cut out disease-causing mutations in the human genome and precisely suture in therapeutic sequences. Biomaterials based delivery strategies could help transition these technologies to the clinic. The design space for materials based delivery strategies is vast and optimization is essential to ensuring the safety and efficacy of these treatments. Therefore, new methods are required to rapidly and systematically screen gene-editing efficacy in human cells. This work utilizes an innovative platform to generate and screen many formulations of synthetic biomaterials and components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in parallel. On this platform, we watch genome surgery in action using high content image analysis. These capabilities enabled us to identify formulation parameters for Cas9-material complexes that can optimize gene-editing in a specific human cell type.
- Physical changes and sorption/desorption behaviour of amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA exposed to water, methanol and ethanol
- Tsai, W.C., Hedenqvist, M.S., Laiback, A., Melin, H., Ngo, M., Trollsas, M., Gedde, U.W. | European polymer journal (v.76 / pp.278-293 / 20160014-3057)
- The purpose of this study was to study the effects of water, methanol and ethanol on the structure of fully amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), whi
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The purpose of this study was to study the effects of water, methanol and ethanol on the structure of fully amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), which is important for applications in which the material is in contact with body fluids (water), and also in order to tailor properties by adjusting the crystallinity and glass transition temperature using penetrants. Amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA tubes were exposed to the afore-mentioned liquids at 37 o C and the mass crystallinity, fictive temperature and the rigid amorphous fraction were assessed by DSC and WAXS. The diffusivity and solubility of the penetrant were assessed by gravimetric sorption and desorption experiments. Water has a plasticizing effect on the glassy structure, which enhances the equilibration of the glass as revealed by a lowering of the fictive temperature of the subsequently dried samples, but the plasticization was not sufficient to induce cold-crystallisation. The moderate effect of water at 37 o C was further demonstrated by the almost constant water diffusivity. Both methanol and ethanol induced cold-crystallisation at 37 o C, primarily forming crystals of the alpha;'-form, which in the case of methanol led to a marked increase in the fictive temperature and the formation of a rigid amorphous fraction in the subsequent dried samples. The crystal growth was restricted according to an Avrami analysis of the crystallisation kinetics data. The complexity of the sorption and desorption kinetics of methanol and ethanol was caused by the progressing cold-crystallisation on sorption, which resulted in several phenomena. Very notable was the extremely high concentration-dependence of the penetrant diffusivity as revealed on desorption, which could not be explained by plasticization alone. Instead it is believed that the formed crystals caged a significant fraction of the penetrant molecules.
- Preventing and controlling foodborne disease in commercial and institutional food service settings: a systematic review of published intervention studies.
- Viator, Catherine, Blitstein, Jonathan, Brophy, Jenna E, Fraser, Angela | Journal of food protection (v.78 / no.2 / pp.446-456 / 20150362-028x)
- This study reviews the current literature on behavioral and environmental food safety interventions conducted in commercial and institutional food service settings. A sys
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This study reviews the current literature on behavioral and environmental food safety interventions conducted in commercial and institutional food service settings. A systematic search of the published literature yielded 268 candidate articles, from which a set of 23 articles reporting intervention outcomes was retained for evaluation. A categorization of measured outcomes is reported; studies addressed multiple outcomes ranging from knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of personal hygiene and food safety to management practices and disease rates and outbreaks. This study also investigates the quality of reported research methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions, using a nine-point quality index adapted by the authors. The observed scores suggest that there are opportunities to improve the design and reporting of research in the field of foodborne disease prevention as it applies to food safety interventions that target the food service industry. The aim is to aid researchers in this area to design higher quality studies and to produce clearer and more useful reports of their research. In turn, this can help to create a more complete evidence base that can be used to continually improve interventions in this domain.
- Natural products and complementary therapies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review
- Brami, C., Bao, T., Deng, G. | Critical reviews in oncology/hematology (v.98 / pp.325-334 / 20161040-8428)
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious dose-limiting side-effect without any FDA-approved treatment option. Prior reviews focus mostly on pharmaco
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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious dose-limiting side-effect without any FDA-approved treatment option. Prior reviews focus mostly on pharmacological interventions, but nonpharmaceutical interventions have also been evaluated. A Web of Science and PubMed database search to identify relevant RCTs from January 2005 to May 2015 included the terms: CIPN, cancer; and supplements, vitamin E, goshajinkigan, kampo, acetyl-l-carnitine, carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, omega-3, glutamine, or glutamate; or massage, acupuncture, mind-body practice, yoga, meditation, Tai-Chi, physical activity, or exercise. Of 1465 publications screened, 12 RCTs evaluated natural products and one evaluated electroacupuncture. Vitamin E may help prevent CIPN. l-Glutamine, goshajinkigan, and omega-3 are also promising. Acetyl-l-carnitine may worsen CIPN and alpha-lipoic acid activity is unknown. Electroacupuncture was not superior to placebo. No RCTs were published regarding other complementary therapies, although some studies mention positive incidental findings. Natural products and complementary therapies deserve further investigation, given the lack of effective CIPN interventions.
- Parvovirus B19-induced acute bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in twin girls.
- Sakall #305, , Hale, Bask #305, n, Esra, Dener, ??efik | Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica (v.49 / no.5 / pp.568-570 / 20151017-995x)
- We describe 2 cases of 6-year-old twin girls presenting with acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) associated with human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) infection, as evidenced by
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We describe 2 cases of 6-year-old twin girls presenting with acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) associated with human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) infection, as evidenced by serological data and detection of HPV-B19 DNA in blood with use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To our knowledge, this is the first time that HPV-B19 infection has been suggested as the causal agent of simultaneous acute bilateral CTS in twins, thus presenting the possibility that similar immunologic responses can be observed in twins during viral infections.
- The WTO at 20: an economist rsquo;s perspective
- Prusa, Thomas J | Journal of international trade law policy (v.14 / no.3 / pp.126-128 / 20151477-0024)
- Purpose ndash; This paper aims to clarify the role that economic methodology and approach can help the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body (AB)make better dec
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Purpose ndash; This paper aims to clarify the role that economic methodology and approach can help the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body (AB)make better decisions. The author discusses two prominent disputes to demonstrate how economics could have resulted in improved AB decision. First, there is the question of whether countervailing duties can continue to be imposed subsequent to privatization of state-owned enterprises. Second, there is the frequently challenged zeroing issue. Design/methodology/approach ndash; The author uses a case study method. He reviews the details of specific disputes and explains how standard microeconomic methods would have produced greater clarity in the determinations and hence promoted a more efficient dispute resolution process. Findings ndash; In this commentary, however, the author addresses a frustration with the AB, namely, the reluctance of the AB to embrace economics in its decision-making. He argues that economic methods would produce superior determinations. Originality/value ndash; This paper fulfils an identified need to document how economic methods would have led to better AB decisions.
- A recombinant field strain of Marek's disease (MD) virus with reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat insert lacking the meq gene as a vaccine against MD
- Su, S., Cui, N., Zhou, Y., Chen, Z., Li, Y., Ding, J., Wang, Y., Duan, L., Cui, Z. | Vaccine (v.33 / no.5 / pp.596-603 / 20150264-410x)
- Marek's disease virus (MDV) GX0101, which is a field strain with a naturally occurring insertion of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) fragm
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Marek's disease virus (MDV) GX0101, which is a field strain with a naturally occurring insertion of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) fragment, shows distinct biological activities. Deletion of the meq gene in GX0101 contributes to its complete loss of pathogenicity and oncogenicity in SPF chickens, but this virus has a kanamycin resistance gene (kan r ) residual at the site of meq gene. In the present study, the kan r was knocked out and a meq-null virus with a good replicative ability termed SC9-1 was selected. In vivo studies showed that SC9-1 had no pathogenicity or tumorigenicity to chickens. There were no obvious impacts on chicken weight, immune organ index or antibody levels induced by avian influenza virus (AIV)/newcastle disease virus (NDV) inactivated vaccines compared with the control group. The SC9-1 virus provided superior protection than CVI988/Rispens vaccine in both SPF chickens and Hy-line brown chickens when challenged with a very virulent MDV (rMd5 strain). There was no obvious change in SC9-1 protection against MDV rMd5 in SPF chickens after 20 passages in chicken embryonic fibroblast cells (CEFs). In conclusion, SC9-1 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate for the prevention of Marek's disease.
- Steroid promiscuity: Diversity of enzyme action
- Lathe, R., Kotelevtsev, Y., Mason, J.I. | The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology (v.151 / pp.1-2 / 20150960-0760)
- This Special Issue on the topic of Steroid and Sterol Signaling: Promiscuity and Diversity, dwells on the growing realization that the 'one ligand, one binding site' and
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This Special Issue on the topic of Steroid and Sterol Signaling: Promiscuity and Diversity, dwells on the growing realization that the 'one ligand, one binding site' and 'one enzyme, one reaction' concepts are out of date. Focusing on cytochromes P450 (CYP), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs), and related enzymes, the Special Issue highlights that a single enzyme can bind to diverse substrates, and in different conformations, and can catalyze multiple different conversions (and in different directions), thereby, generating an unexpectedly wide spectrum of ligands that can have subtly different biological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid/Sterol Signaling' .
- Synthesis of a novel archaeal tetraether-type lipid containing a diorthoester group as a helper lipid for gene delivery
- Barbeau, J., Belmadi, N., Montier, T., Le Gall, T., Dalencon, S., Lemiegre, L., Benvegnu, T. | Tetrahedron letters: the international organ for the rapid publication of preliminary communications in organic chemistry (v.57 / no.27 / pp.2976-2980 / 20160040-4039)
- As an alternative to recombinant virus, synthetic carriers are widely developed for providing efficient and safe DNA delivery. To reach the nucleus where nucleic acid (NA
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As an alternative to recombinant virus, synthetic carriers are widely developed for providing efficient and safe DNA delivery. To reach the nucleus where nucleic acid (NA) constructs are transcripted, chemical complexes have to overcome serious cellular traps such as endosomal escape and intracellular trafficking. Here, the design and the multi-step synthesis of a stabilizing tetraether lipid analogue of archaeal counterparts containing a diorthoester moiety in the middle of the bridging chain were described. The key step involved a double coupling reaction between two diether alcohols and a diketene acetal. Under aqueous acidic conditions, the diorthoester function of the tetraether lipid can be hydrolysed to yield two monopolar diether lipids. Applied to gene delivery in association with a cationic lipid, this new helper bipolar tetraether lipid led to lipid-DNA complexes with sizes and potential zeta values depending on the charge ratios (+/-). In addition, preliminary in vitro transfection assays supported the interest of these novel bipolar lipid-based lipoplex formulations compared to standard Lipofectamine-based formulations.
- Influence of motor imagination on cortical activation during functional electrical stimulation
- Reynolds, C., Osuagwu, B.A., Vuckovic, A. | Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (v.126 / no.7 / pp.1360-1369 / 20151388-2457)
- Objective: Motor imagination (MI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) can activate the sensory-motor cortex through efferent and afferent pathways respectively. M
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Objective: Motor imagination (MI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) can activate the sensory-motor cortex through efferent and afferent pathways respectively. Motor imagination can be used as a control strategy to activate FES through a brain-computer interface as the part of a rehabilitation therapy. It is believed that precise timing between the onset of MI and FES is important for strengthening the cortico-spinal pathways but it is not known whether prolonged MI during FES influences cortical response. Methods: Electroencephalogram was measured in ten able-bodied participants using MI strategy to control FES through a BCI system. Event related synchronisation/desynchronisation (ERS/ERD) over the sensory-motor cortex was analysed and compared in three paradigms: MI before FES, MI before and during FES and FES alone activated automatically. Results: MI practiced both before and during FES produced strongest ERD. When MI only preceded FES it resulted in a weaker beta ERD during FES than when FES was activated automatically. Following termination of FES, beta ERD returns to the baseline level within 0.5s while alpha ERD took longer than 1s. Conclusions: When MI and FES are combined for rehabilitation purposes it is recommended that MI is practiced throughout FES activation period. Significance: The study is relevant for neurorehabilitation of movement.
- Dutch senior medical students and disaster medicine: a national survey.
- Mortelmans, Luc J M, Bouman, Stef J M, Gaakeer, Menno I, Dieltiens, Greet, Anseeuw, Kurt, Sabbe, Marc B | International journal of emergency medicine (v.8 / no.1 / pp.77 / 20151865-1372)
- Medical students have been deployed in victim care of several disasters throughout history. They are corner stones in first-line care in recent pandemic planning. Further
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Medical students have been deployed in victim care of several disasters throughout history. They are corner stones in first-line care in recent pandemic planning. Furthermore, every physician and senior medical student is expected to assist in case of disaster situations, but are they educated to do so? Being one of Europe #039;s densest populated countries with multiple nuclear installations, a large petrochemical industry and also at risk for terrorist attacks, The Netherlands bear some risks for incidents. We evaluated the knowledge on Disaster Medicine in the Dutch medical curriculum. Our hypothesis is that Dutch senior medical students are not prepared at all.
- Introduction to the OFC 2015 special issue
- Gerstel, Ori, Iannone, Pat | Journal of optical communications and networking (v.7 / no.11 / pp.OFC1-OFC1 / 20151943-0620)
- The OFC 2015 Special Issue is a collection of outstanding optical networking papers based on OFC 2015 invited papers and the most highly ranked OFC contributed papers. Th
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The OFC 2015 Special Issue is a collection of outstanding optical networking papers based on OFC 2015 invited papers and the most highly ranked OFC contributed papers. The 25 papers in this special issue cover a broad range of topics including elastic optical networks, network virtualization, software-defined networking, and optical access networks.
- A failure of theological imagination: Beginning to deal with the legacy of Princeton Seminary on matters of slavery and race
- Mikoski, Gordon S. | Theology today (v.73 / no.2 / pp.157-167 / 20160040-5736)
- Princeton Theological Seminary has an ambiguous legacy around issues of slavery and race. From its founding in 1812 through at least the period of Reconstruction, the sem
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Princeton Theological Seminary has an ambiguous legacy around issues of slavery and race. From its founding in 1812 through at least the period of Reconstruction, the seminary #x2019;s faculty espoused African colonization as the only viable response to the problems caused by slavery in the United States. In their enthusiastic support for the colonization effort, the seminary #x2019;s faculty manifested a profound failure of theological imagination in that their efforts along these lines were premised upon an inability to conceive of a society in which Black and White could live together as equals before God. This article signals the beginning of an effort by current faculty to research the history of the seminary #x2019;s ambiguous legacy around matters or slavery and race with an eye toward developing a constructive way forward in the present and for the future.
- The 2014 Farm Bill and the WTO
- Glauber, Joseph W., Westhoff, Patrick | American journal of agricultural economics (v.97 / no.5 / pp.1287-1297 / 20150002-9092)
- The 2014 farm bill reduced expected budgetary costs of US farm programs, according to estimates prepared by the Congressional Budget Office. Cost projections are very sen
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The 2014 farm bill reduced expected budgetary costs of US farm programs, according to estimates prepared by the Congressional Budget Office. Cost projections are very sensitive to market conditions and program participation assumptions, and stochastic analysis indicates that farm program costs could easily differ from expected values by $5 billion or more in any given year. By replacing direct payments with new policies that make payments tied to market prices and yields, the bill could have important World Trade Organization (WTO) implications. If the new policies are classified as non-commodity specific amber box support, projections indicate that existing WTO limits on the current Aggregate Measure of Support would not be exceeded on average, but could be under some market conditions. Furthermore, the new policies are very likely to exceed some WTO rules proposed by various parties in the Doha Round negotiations.
- ConfChem Conference on Flipped Classroom: Improving Student Engagement in Organic Chemistry Using the Inverted Classroom Model
- Rossi, Robert D. | Journal of chemical education (v.92 / no.9 / pp.1577-1579 / 20150021-9584)
- Improving student engagement in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) courses generally, and organic chemistry specifically, has long been a goal for e
ÃʷϺ¸±â¿ø¹®º¸±â >
Improving student engagement in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) courses generally, and organic chemistry specifically, has long been a goal for educators. Recently educators at all academic levels have been exploring the ldquo;inverted classroom rdquo; or ldquo;flipped classroom rdquo; pedagogical model for improving student engagement in subjects spanning the fields from liberal arts to business studies to science and technology. This learner-centered pedagogy, in which course content is delivered outside the classroom, allows class time to be more productively used for higher-level engaging activities, such as collaborative and problem-based learning through instructor-led applications of the material delivered outside of class. The techniques used and the technology employed to deliver an inverted two-semester organic chemistry classroom at Rowan College at Gloucester County along with preliminary student performance data versus the traditional lecture classroom format are presented. This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the ConfChem online conference Flipped Classroom, held from May 9 to June 12, 2014, and hosted by the ACS DivCHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education (CCCE). Graphic Abstract ACS Electronic Supporting Info
- Clic4, a novel protein that sensitizes beta;-cells to apoptosis
- Patel, D., Ythier, D., Brozzi, F., Eizirik, D.L., Thorens, B. | Molecular metabolism (v.4 / no.4 / pp.253-264 / 2015)
- Objectives: Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (Clic4) is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in multiple cellular processes including cell-cycle control, cel
ÃʷϺ¸±â¿ø¹®º¸±â >
Objectives: Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (Clic4) is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in multiple cellular processes including cell-cycle control, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of Clic4 in pancreatic beta;-cell apoptosis. Methods: We used beta;TC-tet cells and islets from beta;-cell specific Clic4 knockout mice ( beta;Clic4KO) and assessed cytokine-induced apoptosis, Bcl2 family protein expression and stability, and identified Clic4-interacting proteins by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Results: We show that cytokines increased Clic4 expression in beta;TC-tet cells and in mouse islets and siRNA-mediated silencing of Clic4 expression in beta;TC-tet cells or its genetic inactivation in islets beta;-cells, reduced cytokine-induced apoptosis. This was associated with increased expression of Bcl-2 and increased expression and phosphorylation of Bad. Measurement of Bcl-2 and Bad half-lives in beta;TC-tet cells showed that Clic4 silencing increased the stability of these proteins. In primary islets beta;-cells, absence of Clic4 expression increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression as well as expression and phosphorylation of Bad. Mass-spectrometry analysis of proteins co-immunoprecipitated with Clic4 from beta;TC-tet cells showed no association of Clic4 with Bcl-2 family proteins. However, Clic4 co-purified with proteins from the proteasome suggesting a possible role for Clic4 in regulating protein degradation. Conclusions: Collectively, our data show that Clic4 is a cytokine-induced gene that sensitizes beta;-cells to apoptosis by reducing the steady state levels of Bcl-2, Bad and phosphorylated Bad.
- Synthesis and Characterization of Semi-crystalline NiCoP Film
- Hemeda, O. M., Tawfik, A., El-Sayed, A. H., Hamad, M. A. | Journal of superconductivity and novel magnetism (v.28 / no.12 / pp.3629-3632 / 20151557-1939)
- Abstract This review treats mainly the initial transformation of the starting unoriented lamellar material into the final oriented microfibrillar structure and its drawi
¿ø¹®º¸±â >